JPH02287191A - Low-temperature nuclear fusion device and electrode for low-temperature nuclear fusion - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a low-temperature nuclear fusion device that produces powerful energy at low temperatures, inexpensively, and with high efficiency, and low-temperature nuclear fusion electrodes used therein, particularly electrochemical means. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a low temperature fusion device using gas phase discharge and an electrode for low temperature fusion.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Generally, in order to cause a nuclear fusion reaction, it is sufficient to cause hydrogen isotope nuclei (ions) to collide with each other. but,
Due to the Coulomb force of electrons in hydrogen isotope molecules, the nuclei (ions) cannot be brought close to each other beyond the inherent barrier. Therefore, conventionally, in order to produce nuclear fusion, a high-density, high-temperature plasma was created, and this was confined in a thermonuclear fusion reaction to realize this reaction and extract energy from the fusion reactor. There is.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In order to realize a thermonuclear fusion reaction, it is necessary to confine the plasma.
) was required to be 2.1014 or more. Therefore, extremely strong magnetic fields, powerful lasers, and powerful electron beams were essential.

Means for Solving the Problems In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention solves the problems by using a certain type of amorphous hydrogen isotope storage (adsorption) metal or alloy that does not easily collapse as an electrode.

Under certain special conditions, the rate at which nuclear fusion occurs between molecular or atomic hydrogen isotopes can be controlled by quantum mechanical tunneling, and this rate can be dramatically increased.

The present invention uses an amorphous hydrogen isotope storage (adsorption) metal or alloy as an electrode, and uses electrochemical (or gas phase discharge) action to absorb hydrogen isotopes in an electrolyte (or gas phase) into the electrode. The purpose is to provide an effective low-temperature fusion device and electrode for low-temperature fusion, which achieve special conditions by stably occluding at high density, and allow fusion reactions to occur at low temperatures, with high efficiency, and with high reliability. shall be.

Function The present invention mainly consists of a negative electrode (or electrode) made of an amorphous metal or alloy having no long-period crystal path or child order, and a positive electrode (or electrode) made of a metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide.
It is a device consisting of an electrolyte (or an electric discharge body) containing at least a hydrogen isotope in its chemical formula. It is also a low-temperature nuclear fusion electrode made of a specific material. By energizing this, it is possible to cause a nuclear fusion reaction at room temperature, and as a result, it is possible to generate powerful energy stably, easily, cheaply, highly efficiently, and at a lower temperature than before.

Examples Nuclear fusion reactions are a nuclear reaction in which light atomic nuclei such as hydrogen isotope atoms fuse to become heavier atomic nuclei, contrary to nuclear power generation that utilizes the large amount of heat generated when heavy uranium atoms split. In many cases, the generation of thermal neutrons releases a large amount of energy, about three times that of nuclear fission. It is also the same reaction that causes the sun to burn, making it an ideal lean energy source.

Since a usable nuclear fusion reaction requires low energy and a large reaction cross section, ■D + T
→'He (3,5MeV) + n (14,1MeV
)■D+D+”He (0,82MeV)+
n (2,45Mev) ■D 1D + T (1,0
1MeY) + i) (3,02Men)■D +3H
e 44He (3, [i MeV) + p (14,
7Mev) is currently being considered. The value inside 0 is the kinetic energy of the particle. Among these, as the first stage reaction, it is ideal to utilize the D-D reaction using deuterium, which is considered to be inexhaustible in terms of resources. Here, the reaction cross sections (reaction probabilities) of reactions ■ and ■ are almost equal. Tritium T is a radioactive isotope that emits weak beta rays and has a half-life of 12 years.

The neutrons generated in reactions ① and ② can be placed in a blanket containing lithium, and tritium can be produced in the next reaction.

■'L i + n+'He +T+ (4.8MeV)
■'L i + n+'He +T+ n' +(-
2,47 MeV') The neutron n' in the above equation also allows the multiplication of tritium.

Normally, for nuclear fusion to occur, it is necessary to create conditions of high temperatures and a high density of atomic nuclei comparable to those found in the interior of the sun.

However, under certain conditions, the probability of nuclear fusion between hydrogen isotope nuclei can be controlled by quantum mechanical tunneling, and this probability can be dramatically increased. The present invention satisfies this condition, dramatically increases the reaction probability, and realizes the above reactions (1) to (2), especially the ideal (1) and (2) as the first-stage reactions.

Specifically, the present invention mainly uses an amorphous metal or alloy that does not have a long-period crystal lattice order for the negative electrode (or electrode).
Metals, metal oxides, or metal hydroxides are added to the positive electrode (or electrode), and alkali metal ions (Li, K) are added to the electrolyte.
Hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium (D) are occluded at high density in the negative electrode material by electrochemically decomposing the electrolyte using a compound of hydrogen isotopes and oxygen (such as heavy water) containing As a result, the conditions for producing a nuclear fusion reaction at low temperatures were created. In addition, in gas phase discharge, a hydrogen isotope gas is used instead of an electrolyte, and hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium (D) are occluded at high density in the negative electrode material by interelectrode discharge, resulting in nuclear nucleation at low temperatures. It created the conditions for fusion reaction production.

A specific example of the procedure is as follows. First, raw materials such as Ti and Zr are weighed so as to have the composition of an amorphous metal (or alloy) that does not have the desired long-period crystal lattice order, placed in a quartz crucible, and placed in an inert gas such as argon. The molten metal was directly melted using a high-frequency induction heating furnace, and the molten metal was rapidly cooled using a single roll method. The manufactured alloy has a ribbon-like or plate-like structure, and part of the sample is used for alloy analysis such as atomic composition, crystallinity, and homogeneity, and the rest is analyzed in hydrogen isotope gas. It was used for measuring the amount of absorbed e-release (mainly measuring P (pressure)-〇 (composition)-Temperature) and for evaluating electrochemical performance.

There are various methods for forming the amorphous alloy other than the above, such as a vapor deposition method and a molten metal drop method, and any method may be used.

The electrodes were formed by using the quenched ribbon (ribbon-shaped) as is, or by a powder consolidation method, a powder sintering method, a cutting method, a casting method, or the like.

Preferred composition examples and hydrogen isotopes (especially deuterium) of various amorphous electrode materials according to the present invention studied in this way
An example of the storage amount is shown in Table 1. The storage capacity in the table is expressed as the number of hydrogen isotope atoms absorbed per one atom of the alloy (H/M). From the analysis results, the alloys of the examples shown in Table 1 were homogeneous, with almost no impurities or compositional deviations. As can be seen from Table 1, the amount of hydrogen isotope absorbed electrochemically or in the gas phase was larger than that of conventional metals such as Pd, and the properties such as reaction rate were also good. Furthermore, no collapse or pulverization of the electrode was observed. This phenomenon is the greatest feature of amorphous alloy hydrogen isotopes.

As shown in Table 1, among various amorphous alloys, in particular, one or more elements selected from Tt, Zrs, Hf1, Mgs, La group elements, and Pd are used as the main component (20 at% or more), and the balance is is F-, V, N1゜Cr+
M+++ Co+ Cu+ Zn+ AIt
Sl+ Nb* MatWlMg, C,,Y
, T,, P, +, Pt, Ag, Au
, Cd+ L+ BI+ Lar Ca,
An alloy consisting of one or more elements selected from Per Nd+ Th+ Ss+ M (where M indicates a mixture of rare earth elements) can form a homogeneous amorphous phase, and is suitable for electrodes. There was no collapse of the hydrogen isotope, and the amount of hydrogen isotope absorbed was particularly large.As a result, the fusion reaction proceeded easily, and the generated energy was large and the properties were good.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[Example 1] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the general configuration of the present invention.

Heavy water 2 with a purity of 99.5% in which approximately 0.1N lithium chloride and iron chloride were dissolved was poured into an open system used as a reaction vessel with a capacity of 100 m1, and a 0.1 m thick water was poured into it.
m thin strip (ribbon-like) TizNt negative electrode 3 and a thickness of 0.3 m.
mm plate-shaped platinum positive electrode 4 facing each other, a voltage of 20 to 30 V is applied by a DC power supply 6, and a current value of 10 to 500 V is applied.
Heavy water was electrolyzed at mA for about 240 hours. Deuterium gas did not come out from the negative electrode at the beginning of the reaction, but many bubbles were generated at the end of the reaction. No cracking or powdering of the negative electrode was observed, and the occlusion reaction proceeded smoothly.

In addition, oxygen was generated from the positive electrode from the initial stage. After the reaction was completed, heavy water was collected and the amount of tritium was measured using a liquid scintillation counter. The experimental conditions were a measurement time of 2 hours, and an average background of the liquid scintillation counter of 44 dpm. The results of measuring the amount of tritium (T) in heavy water (D20) and heavy water after electrolysis are
The table shows the elapsed time characteristics in FIG. dl in the figure)
m/g represents the number of tritium disintegrated in 1 minute in 1 g of heavy water. From these results, it is clear that the amount of tritium in the heavy water has increased approximately 4.5 times compared to before the reaction, indicating that the fusion reaction occurs easily at room temperature.

Table 1 A pulsed voltage of 20 to 50 V was applied about 100 times to electrolyze heavy water. Thereafter, heavy water was collected and tritium was measured using a liquid scintillation counter in the same manner as in the previous example. As a result, the amount of tritium in the heavy water was approximately 10 times greater than before the reaction.

Further, as a result of neutron measurement using a 6Li glass scintillator, the number of neutrons similarly increased significantly.

As described above, the reason why the present invention was able to express nuclear fusion extremely easily at low temperatures is due to the amorphous alloy material used for the negative electrode.

That is, the negative electrode material used for electrolysis of light water and heavy water and for boat fishing is crystalline Pd metal. At room temperature, Pd metal first absorbs deuterium (an example of a hydrogen isotope) up to about 3 atomic percent while maintaining an FCC (face-centered cubic) crystal structure. At this time, the lattice constant a is 3.891 to 3.894A
increases while maintaining the solid α phase. Subsequently, if deuterium is absorbed further, a β phase with the same FCC (face-centered cubic) crystal structure is gradually formed, and the maximum becomes PdH@,s,
The lattice constant also increases to 4.018A. At lower temperatures H
/M (deuterium-metal atomic ratio) increases further, for example to 4.2, which can theoretically reach a maximum of 4.

However, at room temperature, even under the best H/M conditions, the maximum value is 0.6, which is a much smaller value than that of the present alloy system. Moreover, in the β phase formation region of 0.03 or more, the lattice expands and becomes fine powder, and it no longer functions as an electrode material.

Table 2 Continuation of Table 2 Continuation of Table 2 Continuation of Table 2 As shown in Table 2, the negative electrode material of the present invention easily undergoes hydrogenation at room temperature.
/M is 1.0 or more, and therefore the density of deuterium in the negative electrode crystal lattice can be increased by about twice as much as that of conventional crystalline Pd metal. Also, there is no cracking or pulverization due to hydrogen isotope absorption. Furthermore, the alloy of the present invention is very active towards deuterium and has a high reaction rate.

As mentioned above, the large density of occluded deuterium is the main reason why the present invention was able to achieve nuclear fusion extremely easily at low temperatures compared to conventional devices, and furthermore, the affinity of the present alloy for deuterium is The second reason is that it is large.

In the above example, the hydrogen isotope in the electrolyte was occluded by the electrode through an electrochemical reaction. However, by passing electricity between the electrodes, the gaseous hydrogen isotope is ionized and occluded, and the hydrogen isotope is occluded at a low temperature. It is also possible to express nuclear fusion.

As described above, the present device and electrodes can easily cause a nuclear fusion reaction at room temperature, and as a result, they can generate powerful energy at a much lower temperature, more easily, more cheaply, and more stably than ever before. It is possible to produce it efficiently.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a low temperature fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a graph showing the progress of the measurement results of the amount of tritium (T) in heavy water (D20) before and after electrolysis in an embodiment of the same device. It is a time characteristic diagram. 1. Reaction container, 2. Heavy water, 3. Negative electrode, 4. Positive electrode, 6. Power source.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A negative electrode for storing or adsorbing hydrogen isotopes (such as deuterium) in the crystal lattice (or surface), a positive electrode mainly consisting of a metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide, and a In a low-temperature nuclear fusion device consisting of an electrolytic solution containing an electrolyte, the electrolytic solution is electrochemically decomposed by passing a current between both electrodes, and nuclear fusion is caused by an interaction between hydrogen isotopes occluded or adsorbed on the negative electrode. 1. A low-temperature nuclear fusion device characterized in that it is primarily made of an amorphous metal or an amorphous alloy that does not have a long-period crystal lattice order. (2) An electrode for low-temperature nuclear fusion that occludes or adsorbs hydrogen isotopes, which is mainly made of an amorphous metal or an amorphous alloy that does not have a long-period crystal lattice order. (3) The amorphous metal or amorphous alloy is Ti, Zr, Hf
3. The electrode for low temperature fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that the main component (20 atomic % or more) is one or more elements selected from , Mg, La group elements, and Pd. (4) The electrode for low temperature fusion according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the negative electrode made of an amorphous metal or an amorphous alloy has a ribbon or plate-like structure.