JPH02294124A - Optical wiring system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow the system to cope effectively with a broken optical transmission line by dividing an information supply area with an optical loop formed with two optical loops receiving information from a master station coupled with a 4-branch body in common. CONSTITUTION:An information supply area D is split from the entire information supply area in the unit of minimum information areas with sets of optical loops 11, 12, and the optical loops 11, 12 are coupled at one location with a 4-branch body 20 in common to form a loop of 8-letter shape. A 2-way branch body 21 receiving a light source (information) P1 is inserted to a branch 11a of the optical loop 11 and the other terminal of an optical fiber 31 connects to a control master station. A 2-way branch body 22 receiving a light source (information) P2 is inserted to a branch line 12a of the optical loop 12. Thus, even when one light source is stopped, the disabled information control function in the said information supply area is prevented.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an optical wiring system, and more particularly to an optical wiring system suitable for a system in which information is controlled by branching into multiple branches. (Prior Art and Issues to be Solved B) An example of a system that uses an optical transmission line and controls information by branching into many branches along the way is an abnormality monitoring system for power distribution lines. As shown in FIG. 10, the power distribution line runs from a transformer 2 of a distribution substation 1 to a plurality of circuit breakers 3, 3, . . .
Power distribution lines 4, 4, ... are connected via
Power switches 5 are connected in series to each of these power distribution lines 4 at appropriate intervals. The system for monitoring abnormalities in the power distribution line 4 includes a control master station 7 installed in the substation 1, and an optical transmission line (optical fiber) 8 as an information transmission path from the control master station 7 along the power distribution line 4. and each power switch 5
A control slave station 9 for controlling opening/closing of the power switch 5 is installed in the power switch 5 and connected to the optical transmission line 8.

The control master station 7 constantly monitors abnormalities in the power distribution line 4 by exchanging information with each control slave station 9, and if an abnormality such as dielectric breakdown or disconnection failure occurs in the power distribution line 4, the control master station 7 exchanges information with each control slave station 9. A control signal (command) is output to the control slave station 9 in the section where the abnormality has occurred to open the power switch 5 and cut off the supply of power to the section. Such an abnormality monitoring system is installed for each power distribution line 4.

By the way, in the above conventional abnormality monitoring system, the optical transmission line 8 is an open loop, and the control master station 7
In this case, information is supplied to each control slave station 9 only from one end of the optical transmission line 8. Furthermore, since the control slave station 9 is branch-connected from the optical transmission line 8, the signal level of the optical transmission line 8 decreases each time it passes through each branch due to branch loss, and the further away from the control master station 7 the signal level of the optical transmission line 8 decreases. That is, the longer the transmission distance, the more difficult it becomes to detect the received signal level. Therefore, it is necessary to exchange and confirm information many times or to perform strict level checks, which not only takes time for information control, but also makes the circuit configuration of the control slave station 9 complicated and expensive. If the optical transmission line 8 is disconnected, it becomes impossible to exchange information with the control slave station 9 after the disconnection point, resulting in problems such as information loss and inability to control the power switch 5.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and provides an optical wiring system that can compensate for a drop in signal level due to transmission distance and branch loss, and can also effectively deal with disconnections in optical transmission lines. The purpose is to

(Means for Solving the Problem) In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention, information is transmitted from a control master station to each slave station connected to an optical fiber laid in an information supply area via a branch body. In the optical wiring system for supplying information, the information supply nodal area is formed into a loop and includes two 1:1 branched four-branched bodies, and is connected from the master station to one point of the optical fiber between these four branched bodies. Two optical loops that supply information are divided by an optical loop formed by covalently bonding with one four-branched body. Furthermore,
Information is supplied from the control master station. In an optical wiring system that supplies information to each slave station connected to an optical fiber laid in an area 61 via a branch, the information supply area is formed into a loop and has four branches, two 1:1 branches. two first optical loops in which the same information is supplied from the master station to one point of the optical fiber between these four branch bodies;
These two four-branched bodies are divided by one second optical loop that coexists with each of the first optical loops at one point. Furthermore, in an optical wiring system in which information is supplied from a control master station to each slave station connected via a branch to an optical fiber laid in an information supply area, the information supply nodule area is formed into two loops. 1 = 1 branch, and four first optical loops in which the same information is supplied from the master station to one point of the optical fiber between these four branches, and the above-mentioned The same number of 1=1 branches as the first optical loop is included, and these four-branched bodies form a second optical loop covalently bonded to each of the first optical loops at one point. It was designed to be divided. (Function) Even if the information source of one of the two optical loops that has an information source stops and the provision of information to one optical loop stops, the information supplied to the other optical loop will not continue. , the information is supplied to one of the optical loops whose supply has been stopped. This makes it possible to supply information to each slave station connected to each optical loop.

Also, the second optical loop, which does not have an information source, is supplied with information from the two first optical loops. Even if information supply to one of the two first optical loops stops, information will be supplied to the second optical loop from the other first optical loop. Further, information is supplied from the second optical loop to the one first optical loop. This makes it possible to supply information to each slave station connected to each of the first and second optical loops.

Furthermore, even if the supply of information to any one of the four first optical loops to which information is supplied stops, the information is supplied to the first optical loop among the other three. Any of the information is supplied to the second optical loop that does not have an information source and to the first optical loop whose information supply has been stopped via the second optical loop. This makes it possible to supply information to each slave station connected to each of the first and second optical loops.

(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, in which the entire information supply area D is divided into the smallest information areas by a set of optical loops 1l and 12, and these optical loops 11
, 12 are optically coupled to each other. Further, the optical lubes 11 and 12 are installed along a power distribution line (not shown) installed in the information supply area D. The optical loops 11 and 12 are formed into a loop shape using optical fibers, and a four-branch body 20 can be inserted and connected to each of two locations.

The four-branch bodies 20 are inserted and connected into the optical loops 11 and 12 at approximately equal intervals. Further, the four-branch body 20 has equal branches of 1:1, and its loss is set to, for example, 4 dB.

The four-branch body 20 is configured in an X-shape as shown in FIG. 2, and the light source P input to the input side 20a is output to the output sides 20c and 20d equally at a ratio of 1:1. Output side 2
0c returns to the local side, and output side 20d goes to the other side. Similarly, the light source P゜ inputted to the input side 20b is: output side 20
It is output equally to c and 20d, 1=1, and the output side 20c goes to the other party's side, and the output side 20d returns to its own side. and,
In either case, the level after passing through the four-branch body 20 is 4 dB. decreased to (P-4) dB. becomes. These optical lubes 11 and 12 are 1 as shown in FIG.
The four-branched bodies 20 are covalently bonded at one location to form a figure-eight loop. That is, one of the optical fibers (hereinafter referred to as "technical route") between the two four-branch bodies 20, 20 of optical lube l1 and l2 is 11a, 12a, and the other is llb, 1.
2b, and one end of each branch path l1a, '12a is connected to the input side of one common four-branch body 20 (input side 20a shown in FIG.
, 20b), each other end is connected to each input side (20a, 20a) of each of the other four-branch bodies 20, 20, and a branch path 1lb,
12b to each output side (20
c, 20c! ), and each other end is connected to each output side (20c, 20c) of each of the other four-branch bodies. Therefore, three four-branch bodies 2o are used to connect these two optical loops 11 and 12. One of the techniques 11a and llb of optical lube 1, for example,
A branch body 21 for inputting a light source (information) is inserted and connected approximately at the center of the technical path 11a. optical fiber 3l
One end is connected to the branch body 21, and the other end is connected to the control master station 7 (Fig. 10) installed in the substation. This branch body 21 is
This is the input point of the light source P1 of the optical lube 11. The branch body 21 is a bidirectional branch body, and is configured by connecting three Y branch bodies 22, for example, as shown in FIG. can be injected into the branch passages 11a on both sides (bidirectional) of the branch body 21.

Like the optical lube 11, the optical lube 12 also has a four-branch body 20,
20 technical paths 12a, 12M) Bidirectional branch body 2 for inputting a light source (information) to approximately the center position of one branch path 12a
1 is inserted and connected, ? One end of the fiber 32 is connected to the branch body 21, and the other end is connected to the control mirror station. and,
The branch body 21 is used as the input point of the light source Pg of the optical loop l2. In addition, these lights if! Xp. , p■ are referred to as "α-lubes" for convenience. and,
Differences of these alpha angles are free and can be set appropriately according to the shape of the information supply area D.

The optical loops 11 and 12 are provided with lead-in branches 23 (
) are inserted and connected, and each of these lead-in branch bodies 23 is connected to, for example, a control slave station (indicated by an arrow) for controlling the aforementioned power switch.
The lead-in branch body 23 is an unequal branch body of rzl, for example, 15:l. The value of n of this lead-in branch 23 is such that the output to the control slave station is as small as possible within the detectable range of the control slave station, and the optical loops 11 and 12 (main line side)
The optical aPI or P8 is selected so that the loss is small, and even if either the optical aPI or P8 light source stops, the information from the other light source can reach all the control slave stations. The light sources P, P2 injected from the human input points of these optical lubes 11, 12, ie, the two-way branch points 21, 21, have the same information having the same level (P+ -Pg dB.). Therefore, each light level of these light sources P1 and Pt is set as P dB. I will express it as Then, among the optical lubes 11 and 12, the light sources P,, P! Each technique path 11a with
, 12a becomes P dB yo, and the four-branched body 2
The light level of each technology path Jlb, 12b to which the light source is input through 0 is (P-4) dB. The effect is explained below. Light source P. , P. If the light source is normal, the light source is injected as shown by the solid arrow, and each level of each optical lube 1l, 12, in the optical path 11a, 12a where the light source is located, is P dB. Therefore, the levels of branch paths 1lb and 12b are both (P-4)
dB. becomes. Therefore, at this time, the level of the light source in the information supply area D is P to (P-4) dBII. For example, suppose that the light source P8 has stopped. child? At times, only the light source P1 is used, and light is transmitted to the optical lube 11 as shown by the solid arrow, and the light source P. Branch road 1
The level of 1a is P dB. , the level of branch 1lb is (P
-4) dB Yo. On the other hand, the light source P1 of the optical loop 11 is injected into the optical path 12b of the optical loop 12 through the four-branched body 20, as shown by the dotted arrow, and is further injected into the optical path 12a through the four-branched body 20. ．． As a result, technique route 12
The level of b is (P-4)dB. , the level of the technique path 12a is (P-8) dB. becomes. Therefore, even if the light source P■ stops, the light source P! The level of the optical loop 12 on the side where is not input is (P-8)d
B. becomes. As a result, the level of information supply area D is P
~(P-8)dB. becomes. Moreover, the light sources P1 and P have the same information signal, and information can be supplied from the control master station to each control slave station connected to the optical loop 12. By the way, the information signal injected into the optical loop has a transmission speed V (m/μS), and the information signal is transmitted from the branching body 21 to the optical loop 11.
Even if light sources are simultaneously injected into both sides of branch 11a, branch 1
Transmission time is required until reaching the middle of lb. now,
The transmission time of the signals S, S required from the branch 21 of the optical loop 11 to the point Q at the distance X is 1,,1. , time difference Δt,
If the length of the optical lube 1l is L, then t, -X/V, tz - (L
L)/V.

For example, this time difference Δt corresponds to the rise or fall of a signal.
Gives a jizota-like fluctuation. Therefore, this time difference Δt
If this can be ignored compared to the base signal (time, amplitude), information can be transmitted. Therefore, if the information transmission speeds of the base signals s and s' are respectively W (bit/sec), one signal is 1
/W (see). Since the maximum value reduction axΔt of the time difference Δt is (L/V), 0 < (
L/V)/(W/V) <(1/2)
So, (2L/V'') < (1/enemy).

Incidentally, V=200 (m/us), L=IO
km, W<10 k (bps).

The information on the control slave station ranges from several hundred (bit/see) to 10k (bit/see) from the control contents such as switching control of the power switch.
It/sec) is sufficient.

Therefore, if r=Δt/(1/W) is smaller than about 172, a certain control slave station has 2
An information signal S: S' is transmitted from the same direction, and even if the rise or fall time of the signal varies slightly back and forth with time τ like jitter, the signal at the control slave station is It has little effect on detection and can identify square wave signals. Here, the value r is the value obtained by dividing the signal arrival time difference by the signal width, and represents the fluctuation ratio for the signal.
FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which two optical loops 11 and 12 with light sources are connected via an optical loop 15. This optical lube 15 does not have a light source, and only the four-branched bodies 20 are inserted and connected at approximately equal intervals, and are coupled to one location each of the optical lubes 11 and 12 that have light sources. Therefore, the optical lube 15 is connected to the optical loops l1 and 12 and the four-branch bodies 20 and 2, respectively.
covalently bonded through 0, and the number of 4-branched bodies 20 is 4 in total.
It becomes an individual. Note that an optical loop without a light source, such as the optical loop 15, is referred to as a "β-lube" for convenience. The deformation of this β-lube is also free like the α-lube described above.

In this way, the entire information supply area is divided into the minimum information nodule area D', with two alpha rubes and one beta rube as one set. A large number of control slave stations are also connected to the optical lube 15 via lead-in branches 23 at appropriate intervals. The information area D° divided by this combination of optical loops (2α+β) has a wider area than the information area D divided by the above-mentioned set of two α loops shown in FIG. When the light sources PI and P are normal, the light source is injected as shown by the solid arrow, and each branch 1 of the optical lube 11, 12
The levels 1a, llb, 12a, and 12b are the same as those shown in FIG. That is, the technique path 11a where the light source is located,
Each level of 12a is P dB. So, Giji 1lb, 1
Each level of 2b is (P-4)dBII. In addition, the four-branch body 20 is passed from the technical route 10a of the optical loop 10 to the technical route 15a of the optical loop 15, and the four-branch body 20 is passed from the branch route 12a of the optical loop 12 to the branch route 15b, as shown by the solid arrow. Light is transmitted. And technique road 15
Each level of a and 15b is (P-4) dB. becomes. For example, suppose that the optical apt has stopped. At this time, the light source is only P1, the light source is injected into the optical loop 11 as shown by the solid arrow, and the level of the branch path 11a is P1.
dB. , the level of 1 lb of technique is (P-4) dB. The light source P of this optical loop 11. The optical path 15 of the optical loop 15 passes through the four-branch body 20 as shown by the dotted arrow.
It is injected into the channel 12b of the optical lube 12 from the channel 15a through the four-branch body 20, and further injected into the channel 12a through the four-branch body 20.

As a result, the level of the branch 15a of the optical lube 15 is (P-
4) dB. , the level of technique 12a of optical ruble 12 is (P
-8) dB. , the level of technique path 12b is (P-12) dB
．． becomes. Therefore, even if the light source P2 stops, the level of the optical paths 12a and 12b of the optical loop 12 will be (P-8) dB. , (P-
12) dB. As a result, the level of the information supply area D° is P~(P-12) dB. becomes. This results in
Regulation? It becomes possible to supply information from the station 11a to each control slave station connected to the optical loops 12 and 15. FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, in which four α-lubes and one β-loop are set as one set, and the (4α+β)
The total information supply area is divided into the minimum information supply area D1 by the set of . Each of the optical loops 11 to 14 includes two four-branch bodies 20 similarly to the optical loop 1l, and has a light source P1 to P at one location in each of the optical paths 11a to 14a.

These optical loops 11-14 are connected to optical fibers 31-34.
is connected to the control master station via. In addition, light sources P1 to P
, are the same information at the same level, and as before, P d
B. It is expressed as

The optical lube 16 includes the same number of optical loops (α-lubes) to be connected, that is, four four-branch bodies 20, and these four-branch bodies 20 are inserted and connected at approximately equal intervals. The four optical loops 11 to 14 are each covalently bonded to one optical loop 16 at one point via one four-branch body 20.

At this time, the directions of injection of the light sources P1 to P of the optical loops 11 to 14 into each of the optical channels 16a to 16d of the optical loop 16 are all in the same direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) as shown by the arrows in FIG.
Connect so that And these optical loops 11
14 and the optical loop 16 as described above.
: A large number of control slave stations are connected to each other via 23 (unequal branches of 1). In addition, optical loop 1 of optical loops 11 to 14
Each one of the four-branched bodies 20 that is not connected to 6 may be connected to a light loop (α-lube) with a light source of another information supply area. The deformation of the optical loops 11 to 14 and the optical lube 16 is free within a certain length range, and the deformation of the information supply region D1 is also free in the set (4α loops + β loops). Now, when the light sources P, -P4 of the optical loops 11-14 are all normal, the signal level of the optical loops 11-14, 1G is as shown in FIG.
-P. 11. a to 14a are all PdB. , Techniques following the light source 1. 1 b to 14b are (P-4) dB.
, all branches 1 6 a to 1 6 in the optical lube 16
d is also (P-4)dB. becomes. That is, the light source P dB.
On the other hand, the level of all T# lines (α, β rube) is (P-
4) dB,I.

However, the level of the technical path where the light source is located is P dB. Therefore, the level of the light source is set to P=-8 dB. Then, the main line level is -8 dB. ~-12dB. Although the signal has a low level, there are repetitions, so
It is necessary to consider cutting off parts below a certain level in electronic circuits.

Now, suppose that one of the four light sources, for example, the light source P of the optical lube 11, has stopped. At this time,
The levels of the optical loops 11 to 14 and 16 are as shown in FIG. That is, light loop 1 into which light sources P2 to P4 are injected
Techniques 12a to 14a with 2 to 14 light sources have P dB.
, the technical paths 12b to 14b following the light source are (P-4) dB.
It is. In addition, optical loops 12 to 14 in optical loop l6
Techniques 16b to 16d in which the light source is injected are coupled to (
P-4) dB. So, the optical ifflP+ (7) is the same as before the stop. The light source Pt of the optical lube 12 is injected into the branch 16a of the optical lube 16 from the optical lube 16b through the four-branch body 20, and its level is (P-8) dB. becomes. The light source P of the optical loop 12 is injected from the branch path 16b through the four-branch body 20 into the optical path 1lb, which is connected to the optical loop 16 of the optical lube 11, and its level is (P-8) dB. Light source P. injected into branch 1lb. passes through the four-branched body 20 to the technical path 11a
is injected, and its level is (P-12) dB. becomes,
With this, light! Even if P+ stops, the light source P. The level of the optical lube 11 to be injected is (P-8>dB
．． , (P-12) dB. As a result, the level in the information supply area D I 1 is P~(P-12
) dB. As a result, optical loop 1 is removed from the control crisis.
Information can be supplied to each control slave station connected to terminals 2 and 15.

By the way, the detection level of the controlled slave station is -33 to -35.
dB. , optical aP -8dB, maximum loss level 1N
dB. Then, (P- 1 2)- (1N)≧1(33~35)1N
≧1P+12-(33~35) 1N≧1(12~15) In the lead-in branch of unequal branching (rz!), if n-15, the distribution to the slave stations will be 1/16, and the distribution to the main line will be 1/16. If the loss level of -N=-12 dB, n-31, then the distribution to the slave stations will be 1/32, and the loss level of the main line will be -N--15 dB. becomes. Therefore, the value of n for an n:1 unequal branch is possible up to row 15 or 3l. In addition, the limit of transmission speed is the length of the optical loop, l.
less than lookbps for km length, 20 for 5 km length
It is possible if it is less than kbps. As mentioned above,
The optical wiring system of the present invention is based on a set of two α loops (2α), and from this set of 2α, a set of two α loops and one β loop (2α+β), and a set of four α loops. It is expanded to a set of a loop and one β-lube (4α+β). From now on, each of these sets can be combined as appropriate. Regarding the division of the entire information supply area, the information supply area D divided by the set of 2α is the narrowest, and the information supply 'pH range D divided by the set of (2α+β) is the information supply area D.
The information supply area D'', which is wider than the information supply area D and is divided by the set of (4α+β), is the widest area.The information supply areas D and D'' are suitable for long and narrow areas;
I1 is suitable for large square areas. In this embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to an abnormality monitoring system of power distribution lines has been described, but it is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to other information control systems. (Effects of the Invention) As explained above, according to the present invention, in an optical wiring system in which information is supplied from a control master station to each slave station connected via a branch to an optical fiber laid in an information supply area, , the information supply area is formed into a loop and includes two 4-branch units with two l:1 branches, and information is supplied from the master station to one point of the optical fiber between these 4-branch units. The optical loop is divided into optical loops formed by covalently bonding one four-branched body, and the same information source is supplied to each of these optical loops, or the information supply area is divided into two optical loops formed in a loop shape. 1
Two first optical loops include one four-branch unit, and two first optical loops in which the same information is supplied from the master station to one point on the optical fiber between these four branch units, and two first optical loops in a loop shape. : Contains a 1-branched 4-branched body, and these 2 4-branched bodies covalently bond to each of the first optical loops at one location each.
Alternatively, the information supply area is divided into two optical loops in a loop shape.
4 first optical loops, each of which has a four-branch unit, and the same information is supplied from a master station to one point of the optical fiber between these four-branch units; contains the same number of 1:1 branched four-branched optical loops, and these four-branched bodies are divided into one second optical loop that is covalently bonded to each of the first optical loops at one point. By this, V? in the information supply area? The light level of each of the optical loops forming a line can be maintained at a certain level or higher, and the fluctuations in the light level within the optical loop can be minimized as much as possible, and even if one light source stops, the information supply area can be maintained. It is possible to prevent the information control function from becoming disabled.

Furthermore, the total information supply area can be divided into arbitrary ranges using sets of optical loops formed by combining optical loops having light sources, or by combining multiple optical loops having light sources and optical loops without a light source. This makes it easy to divide the information supply area into 95 areas. Furthermore, there are excellent effects such as the ability to connect the slave station lead-in branch to any point of the optical loop with a light source and the optical loop without a light source.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the combination of optical loops that divide information supply areas by applying the optical distribution line system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a four-branch structure applied to the optical loop in FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a bidirectional branch applied to the optical loop in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing information signal transmission in the optical loop in FIG. 1. , FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of optical loop coupling to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the optical loop to which the present invention is applied.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the injection direction of the light source from the four-branch body in Fig. 6, Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing the action of the optical loop in Fig. 6, and Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the conventional power distribution line. It is a block diagram of an abnormality monitoring system of 1... distribution substation, 2... transformer, 3... circuit breaker, 4... power distribution line, 5... switch, 7... - Control master station, 9... Control slave station, 11-1
4... Optical loop (α-lube), 15, l6... Optical loop (β-lube), 20... 4-branched body (X-branched body),
2l... Bidirectional branch body, 22... Y branch body, 23.
... Leading branch body, 31-34... Optical fiber, D, D
',D''... Information supply area.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In an optical wiring system in which information is supplied from a control master station to each slave station connected via a branch to an optical fiber laid in an information supply area, the information supply area is divided into two loops. Two optical loops are covalently connected by one four-branch unit, and information is supplied from the master station to one point on the optical fiber between these four-branch units. An optical wiring method characterized by dividing the optical wiring by optical loops formed by (2) In an optical wiring system in which information is supplied from a control master station to each slave station connected via a branch to an optical fiber laid in an information supply area, the information supply area is divided into two loops. 1:1 branch of the optical fiber, two first optical loops in which the same information is supplied from the master station to one point of the optical fiber between these four branches, and two optical loops forming a loop shape. An optical interconnection comprising two four-branched bodies and divided by one second optical loop that is covalently bonded to each of the first optical loops at one point by the two four-branched bodies. method. (3) In an optical wiring system in which information is supplied from a control master station to each slave station connected via a branch to an optical fiber laid in an information supply area, the information supply area is divided into two loops. 1:1 branch of 4 branches, and 4 first optical loops in which the same information is supplied from the master station to one point of the optical fiber between these 4 branches, and the above-mentioned The number of 1:1 branched four-branched bodies that are the same as the number of first optical loops is included, and these four-branched bodies form one second optical loop that is covalently bonded to each of the first optical loops at one point. Optical wiring method characterized by splitting.