JPH0229497B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0229497B2 JPH0229497B2 JP61255894A JP25589486A JPH0229497B2 JP H0229497 B2 JPH0229497 B2 JP H0229497B2 JP 61255894 A JP61255894 A JP 61255894A JP 25589486 A JP25589486 A JP 25589486A JP H0229497 B2 JPH0229497 B2 JP H0229497B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- short fibers
- ferromagnetic
- fibers
- composite material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
- B29C70/14—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Description
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は構造部材として用いられる繊維強化
複合材料及びその製造方法に関するものである。
〔従来の技術〕
繊維強化複合材料の諸特性は強化材の向きによ
り大きな異方性を示し、その非強化方向の特性向
上が重要な課題となつている。従来はこの異方性
を解消するために強化材をある面内でランダムに
配向させるか、種々の層内で繊維が異なつた配向
方向を持つ多層積層体をつくることによつてある
面内で本質的に等方性とすることが一般的な技術
であつた。しかしながら複合材料の適用が進むに
つれ、最近では多軸応力のかかる一次構造部材と
して用いられるようになり、形状も複雑化してい
る。そこでこれに対応して配向自由度の大きい短
繊維を任意の方向に配向制御できる技術が必要と
なつている。
短繊維を任意に配向させる技術としては、従来
流動、遠心力、静電気等によるものがある。この
ほか磁場によるものとして、磁性を帯びた短繊維
または磁性体で被覆された短繊維を樹脂または金
属中に磁場により配向させることが提案されてい
る（例えば特開昭49−26380号、特開昭60−15132
号公報）。
〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
しかしながら、従来の流動、遠心力、静電気等
により配向させるものは、いずれも完全な配向が
難しく、補強効果を十分に生かし得なかつた。ま
た上記の磁場により配向させるものは、いずれも
一方向のみの配向制御であり、多軸応力の受ける
複雑形状物としては強化方向以外の強度が不十分
であるなどの問題点があつた。
この発明は上記のような問題点を解消するため
になされたもので、従来の流動による短繊維の二
次元的なランダム配向に、磁場による任意配向を
加え、全体として三次元強化した三次元強化複合
材料及びその製造方法を得ることを目的とする。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
この発明の第１発明の三次元強化複合材料は、
二次元的にランダムに配向された非磁性体の短繊
維と、この短繊維の配向方向と異なる方向に磁場
配向された強磁性体の短繊維と、これらの短繊維
を上記配向状態で内蔵するように硬化したマトリ
ツクスとを備えたものである。
この発明の第２発明の三次元強化複合材料の製
造方法は、マトリツクス中に強磁性体の短繊維と
非磁性体の短繊維を混入させたものを、磁場に置
かれた成形型の中に入れ、上記強磁性体の短繊維
のみを磁力により磁場配向させた状態で硬化させ
る方法である。
この発明では、磁極を有する磁気プレスに成形
型を配置し、強磁性体と非磁性体の短繊維を混入
したマトリツクスを真空に引いた成形型に圧入す
るとともに、磁極により磁場を発生させ、成形型
内の強磁性体の短繊維のみを磁場配向させ、非磁
性体の短繊維の大部分はマトリツクスの流動で二
次元的にランダム配向させた状態でマトリツクス
を硬化させ、全体として三次元強化した三次元強
化複合材料を得るようにしている。
この発明の三次元強化複合材料は次の様にして
製造される。まず磁気プレスの磁極間に成形型を
設置する。成形型は磁性材料部と非磁性材料部の
合わせ型にすると、磁場を発生させた時この磁性
材料部間に磁力線が発生する。強磁性体の短繊維
はこの磁力線の向きに配向するので、磁性材料部
の合わせ方により、強磁性体の短繊維の配向を任
意に制御できる。この成形型の中にマトリツクス
中に強磁性体および非磁性体の短繊維を混入した
ものを型内を真空に引いた状態で圧入する。次に
磁極により磁場を発生させ、強磁性体の短繊維の
みを磁力線の向きに配向させる。またこの時非磁
性体の短繊維の配向は磁力により何ら影響を受け
ないので、成形型内に圧入した時の配向で決ま
り、大部分がマトリツクスの流動方向に二次元的
にランダム配向する。また強磁性体の短繊維およ
び非磁性体の短繊維の種類ならびに組合わせは、
成形物の形状、大きさから判断して選択する。
短繊維としてセラミツク繊維を用いる場合、炭
素繊維、ガラス繊維など繊維状無機化合物が使用
でき、マトリツクスとしては樹脂、金属、セラミ
ツクスなどが使用できる。また有機繊維を用いる
場合は、ポリエチレンテトフタレート繊維、アラ
ミド繊維などの合成繊維や絹、綿などの天然繊維
が使用でき、この時マトリツクスが金属、セラミ
ツクスでは成形温度が高く、有機繊維の方が熱分
解を起こしてしまうので、マトリツクスとしては
熱硬化性、熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。
強磁性体の短繊維としては、酸化鉄粒子または
メタル粒子、あるいは強磁性ウイスカまたは強磁
性体で被覆されたウイスカなどが使用できる。
〔作 用〕
上記により製造された三次元強化複合材料は、
非磁性体の短繊維はマトリツクスの流動方向にラ
ンダム配向され、強磁性体の短繊維は磁力線方向
に配向された状態でマトリツクスにより固化され
ているので、短繊維が三次元的に配向され、これ
により三次元的に強化されており、構造部材とし
て適している。
〔実施例〕
以下、この発明の一実施例を図について説明す
る。
第１図は実施例で使用する三次元強化複合材料
製造装置の正面図、第２図はその成形型の垂直断
面図、第３図は成形品の透視図である。図におい
て、１は上、下の加圧部に磁極２を有する磁気プ
レスであり、上下面の磁性材料部３ａと側面の非
磁性材料部３ｂとからなる成形型３が磁極２間に
設けられている。磁極２の直径は300mmである。
直径0.3μｍ、繊維長80μｍのニツケル被覆したSic
ウイスカからなる強磁性体の短繊維４と、直径
7μｍ、繊維長３mmの炭素繊維からなる非磁性体
の短繊維５とを成形容積に対する容積含有率をそ
れぞれ10％、30％としてエポキシ樹脂に混入し、
成形型３を真空に引きながらこのエポキシ樹脂を
圧入する。次に磁極２により磁場を発生させ、成
形型３内の磁性材料部３ａ間に磁力を発生させ
る。非磁性体の短繊維５はこの磁力線により何ら
影響を受けないので、成形型３にエポキイ樹脂を
注入した時のせん断力により、流動方向に二次元
的にランダム配向し、強磁性体の短繊維４は磁力
線の方向に配向する。第２図においてエポキシ樹
脂を注入した時の流動方向は、紙面と垂直方向で
あり、磁力線の向きをこの流動方向と垂直に設定
しているので、磁性、非磁性の短繊維で三次元強
化複合材料を得ることができる。このように短繊
維を配向させた状態で成形型３内に埋設したヒー
ターで加熱し、磁極２を通して加圧を行い硬化さ
せる。硬化後成形型３の中から第３図に示す成形
品６を得、Ｚ方向（強磁性短繊維強化方向）およ
びＸ、Ｙ方向（非磁性短繊維強化方向）の引張弾
性率Ｅ、引張強度Ft、圧縮強度Fcを測定し、非
磁性繊維のみからなるランダム配向材の試験結果
と比較し、表１に示した。
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material used as a structural member and a method for producing the same. [Prior Art] Various properties of fiber-reinforced composite materials exhibit large anisotropy depending on the orientation of the reinforcing material, and improving the properties in the non-reinforced direction has become an important issue. Conventionally, this anisotropy can be solved by randomly orienting the reinforcing material in a certain plane or by creating a multilayer laminate in which the fibers have different orientation directions in various layers. A common technique was to make it essentially isotropic. However, as the application of composite materials progresses, they have recently come to be used as primary structural members subject to multiaxial stress, and their shapes have become more complex. Accordingly, there is a need for a technology that can control the orientation of short fibers with a large degree of freedom in orientation in any direction. Conventional techniques for arbitrarily orienting short fibers include those using flow, centrifugal force, static electricity, and the like. In addition, it has been proposed to orient magnetic short fibers or short fibers coated with a magnetic substance in resin or metal using a magnetic field (for example, JP-A-49-26380, JP-A No. 49-26380; Showa 60-15132
Publication No.). [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the conventional methods of orientation using flow, centrifugal force, static electricity, etc., it is difficult to achieve complete orientation, and the reinforcing effect cannot be fully utilized. In addition, all of the above-mentioned magnetic field-based orientation controls control the orientation in only one direction, and have had problems such as insufficient strength in directions other than the reinforcing direction for complex-shaped objects subjected to multiaxial stress. This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it adds arbitrary orientation using a magnetic field to the conventional two-dimensional random orientation of short fibers caused by flow, resulting in three-dimensional reinforcement that strengthens the entire structure three-dimensionally. The purpose is to obtain a composite material and its manufacturing method. [Means for solving the problem] The three-dimensional reinforced composite material of the first invention of the present invention is
Contains non-magnetic short fibers that are two-dimensionally randomly oriented, ferromagnetic short fibers that are magnetically oriented in a direction different from the orientation direction of the short fibers, and these short fibers in the above-mentioned orientation state. It is equipped with a hardened matrix. In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional reinforced composite material according to the second aspect of the present invention, a matrix in which short ferromagnetic fibers and short non-magnetic fibers are mixed is placed in a mold placed in a magnetic field. In this method, only the short fibers of the ferromagnetic material are hardened in a state in which they are oriented in a magnetic field by magnetic force. In this invention, a mold is placed in a magnetic press with magnetic poles, and a matrix containing short fibers of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic materials is press-fitted into the vacuum mold, and a magnetic field is generated by the magnetic poles to form the mold. Only the ferromagnetic short fibers in the mold are oriented in a magnetic field, and most of the non-magnetic short fibers are randomly oriented two-dimensionally by the flow of the matrix, and the matrix is hardened to three-dimensionally strengthen the entire structure. We are trying to obtain a three-dimensional reinforced composite material. The three-dimensional reinforced composite material of this invention is manufactured as follows. First, a mold is installed between the magnetic poles of a magnetic press. If the mold is made of a combination of a magnetic material part and a non-magnetic material part, lines of magnetic force will be generated between the magnetic material parts when a magnetic field is generated. Since the short fibers of the ferromagnetic material are oriented in the direction of the lines of magnetic force, the orientation of the short fibers of the ferromagnetic material can be arbitrarily controlled by adjusting the alignment of the magnetic material parts. A matrix in which short fibers of ferromagnetic material and non-magnetic material are mixed is press-fitted into this mold with the inside of the mold being evacuated. Next, a magnetic field is generated by the magnetic poles, and only the short ferromagnetic fibers are oriented in the direction of the magnetic lines of force. At this time, the orientation of the short fibers of the non-magnetic material is not influenced in any way by the magnetic force, so it is determined by the orientation when they are press-fitted into the mold, and most of them are randomly oriented two-dimensionally in the flow direction of the matrix. In addition, the types and combinations of ferromagnetic short fibers and non-magnetic short fibers are as follows:
Select based on the shape and size of the molded product. When ceramic fibers are used as the short fibers, fibrous inorganic compounds such as carbon fibers and glass fibers can be used, and resins, metals, ceramics, etc. can be used as the matrix. In addition, when using organic fibers, synthetic fibers such as polyethylene tetophthalate fibers and aramid fibers, and natural fibers such as silk and cotton can be used.In this case, the matrix is metal and ceramics require a higher molding temperature, so organic fibers are more heat-resistant. Since decomposition may occur, thermosetting or thermoplastic resins are preferred as the matrix. As the short ferromagnetic fibers, iron oxide particles, metal particles, ferromagnetic whiskers, whiskers coated with ferromagnetic material, etc. can be used. [Function] The three-dimensional reinforced composite material produced as described above has the following properties:
The short fibers of non-magnetic material are randomly oriented in the flowing direction of the matrix, and the short fibers of ferromagnetic material are oriented in the direction of the lines of magnetic force and are solidified by the matrix, so that the short fibers are oriented three-dimensionally. It is three-dimensionally reinforced and suitable as a structural member. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a three-dimensionally reinforced composite material manufacturing apparatus used in Examples, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the mold, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the molded product. In the figure, 1 is a magnetic press having magnetic poles 2 on the upper and lower pressing parts, and a mold 3 consisting of magnetic material parts 3a on the upper and lower surfaces and non-magnetic material parts 3b on the side surfaces is provided between the magnetic poles 2. ing. The diameter of magnetic pole 2 is 300 mm.
Nickel coated Sic with diameter 0.3μm and fiber length 80μm
A short ferromagnetic fiber 4 made of whiskers and a diameter
Non-magnetic short fibers 5 made of carbon fiber with a diameter of 7 μm and a fiber length of 3 mm were mixed into the epoxy resin at a volume content of 10% and 30%, respectively, with respect to the molding volume.
This epoxy resin is press-fitted into the mold 3 while evacuating it. Next, a magnetic field is generated by the magnetic pole 2, and a magnetic force is generated between the magnetic material parts 3a in the mold 3. Since the non-magnetic short fibers 5 are not affected by these lines of magnetic force, the shear force when the epoxy resin is injected into the mold 3 causes them to be randomly oriented two-dimensionally in the flow direction, and the ferromagnetic short fibers are 4 is oriented in the direction of magnetic field lines. In Figure 2, the flow direction when the epoxy resin is injected is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the direction of the magnetic field lines is set perpendicular to this flow direction, so the three-dimensional reinforced composite with magnetic and non-magnetic short fibers materials can be obtained. With the short fibers oriented in this manner, they are heated by a heater embedded in the mold 3, and pressurized through the magnetic poles 2 to harden them. A molded article 6 shown in FIG. 3 was obtained from the mold 3 after curing, and the tensile modulus E and tensile strength in the Z direction (ferromagnetic short fiber reinforcement direction) and X, Y directions (nonmagnetic short fiber reinforcement direction) were obtained. Ft and compressive strength Fc were measured and compared with the test results of a randomly oriented material made only of non-magnetic fibers, and the results are shown in Table 1.
以上のようにこの発明によれば、従来の流動に
よるランダム配向に、磁場による任意方向への配
向を加えたので、多軸応力に対応でき、しかも非
常に強化効率の高い高品質の三次元強化された複
合材料が得られる効果がある。
As described above, according to the present invention, orientation in an arbitrary direction using a magnetic field is added to the conventional random orientation caused by flow, so that high-quality three-dimensional reinforcement that can handle multiaxial stress and has extremely high reinforcement efficiency can be achieved. This has the effect of producing a composite material that is
第１図は本発明の一実施例による三次元強化複
合材料製造装置の正面図、第２図はその成形型の
垂直断面図、第３図は得られた成形品の透視図で
ある。
各図中、同一符号は同一部分を示し、１は磁気
プレス、２は磁極、３は成形型、３ａは磁性材料
部、３ｂは非磁性材料部、４は強磁性体の短繊
維、５は非磁性体の短繊維、６は成形品である。
FIG. 1 is a front view of a three-dimensionally reinforced composite material manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the mold, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the obtained molded product. In each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts, 1 is a magnetic press, 2 is a magnetic pole, 3 is a mold, 3a is a magnetic material part, 3b is a non-magnetic material part, 4 is a ferromagnetic short fiber, 5 is a Non-magnetic short fibers 6 are molded products.
Claims (1)
短繊維と、この短繊維の配向方向と異なる方向に
磁場配向された強磁性体の短繊維と、これらの短
繊維を上記配向状態で内蔵するように硬化したマ
トリツクスとを備えたことを特徴とする三次元強
化複合材料。 ２ 強磁性体の短繊維が酸化鉄粒子またはメタル
粒子であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１
項記載の三次元強化複合材料。 ３ 強磁性体の短繊維が強磁性ウイスカまたは強
磁性体で被覆されたウイスカであることを特徴と
する特許請求の範囲第１項記載の三次元強化複合
材料。 ４ 強磁性体の短繊維が強磁性体で被覆されたセ
ラミツク繊維であり、マトリツクスが樹脂、金属
またはセラミツクスであることを特徴とする特許
請求の範囲第１項記載の三次元強化複合材料。 ５ 強磁性体の短繊維が強磁性体で被覆された有
機繊維であり、マトリツクスが熱硬化性または熱
可塑性樹脂であることを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第１項記載の三次元強化複合材料。 ６ 非磁性体の短繊維がセラミツク繊維であり、
マトリツクスが樹脂、金属またはセラミツクスで
あることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載
の三次元強化複合材料。 ７ 非磁性体の短繊維が有機繊維であり、マトリ
ツクスが熱硬化性または熱可塑性樹脂であること
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の三次元
強化複合材料。 ８ マトリツクス中に強磁性体の短繊維と非磁性
体の短繊維を混入させたものを、磁場に置かれた
成形型の中に入れ、上記強磁性体の短繊維のみを
磁力により磁場配向させた状態で硬化させること
を特徴とする三次元強化複合材料の製造方法。 ９ 成形型が磁性材料と非磁性材料から成り、磁
性材料の組み合わせ方により磁力線の向きを変
え、強磁性体の短繊維を任意の方向に配向するこ
とを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第８項記載の三次
元強化複合材料の製造方法。[Claims] 1. Short fibers of a non-magnetic material that are randomly oriented in two dimensions, short fibers of a ferromagnetic material that are magnetically oriented in a direction different from the orientation direction of the short fibers, and these short fibers. A three-dimensionally reinforced composite material comprising: a matrix hardened so as to incorporate the above-mentioned oriented state. 2. Claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic short fibers are iron oxide particles or metal particles.
The three-dimensionally reinforced composite material described in Section 1. 3. The three-dimensional reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ferromagnetic short fibers are ferromagnetic whiskers or whiskers coated with ferromagnetic material. 4. The three-dimensional reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ferromagnetic short fibers are ceramic fibers coated with ferromagnetic material, and the matrix is resin, metal, or ceramic. 5. The three-dimensional reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the short ferromagnetic fibers are organic fibers coated with a ferromagnetic material, and the matrix is a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. . 6 The non-magnetic short fibers are ceramic fibers,
The three-dimensional reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the matrix is resin, metal, or ceramic. 7. The three-dimensional reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the non-magnetic short fibers are organic fibers and the matrix is a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. 8 A matrix in which ferromagnetic short fibers and non-magnetic short fibers are mixed is placed in a mold placed in a magnetic field, and only the ferromagnetic short fibers are oriented in the magnetic field by magnetic force. A method for producing a three-dimensionally reinforced composite material, characterized by curing it in a state where the composite material is hardened. 9. Claim 8, characterized in that the mold is made of a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material, and the direction of the magnetic lines of force is changed depending on how the magnetic materials are combined, so that the short fibers of the ferromagnetic material are oriented in an arbitrary direction. A method for manufacturing the three-dimensionally reinforced composite material described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61255894A JPS63111039A (en) | 1986-10-29 | 1986-10-29 | Three-dimensional reinforced composite and its manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61255894A JPS63111039A (en) | 1986-10-29 | 1986-10-29 | Three-dimensional reinforced composite and its manufacture |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63111039A JPS63111039A (en) | 1988-05-16 |
| JPH0229497B2 true JPH0229497B2 (en) | 1990-06-29 |
Family
ID=17285045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61255894A Granted JPS63111039A (en) | 1986-10-29 | 1986-10-29 | Three-dimensional reinforced composite and its manufacture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63111039A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001322139A (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2001-11-20 | Jsr Corp | Method for manufacturing composite sheet and composite sheet |
| BR112012001174B1 (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2019-12-17 | Carbon Fibre Preforms Ltd | method for preparing a fiber matrix, fiber preform, article, using a preform, and, method for producing an article |
| EP2371522A1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-05 | ETH Zurich | Method for the production of composite materials using magnetic nano-particles to orient reinforcing particles and reinforced materials obtained using the method |
| US9457521B2 (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2016-10-04 | The Boeing Company | Method, apparatus and material mixture for direct digital manufacturing of fiber reinforced parts |
| JP6217254B2 (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2017-10-25 | 東レ株式会社 | Fiber reinforced plastic parts |
| CN103538267B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2016-08-17 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of magnetic force expansion molding method and mould |
| PL245494B1 (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2024-08-12 | Politechnika Slaska Im Wincent | Ferromagnetic-polymer material and method of obtaining ferromagnetic-polymer material |
-
1986
- 1986-10-29 JP JP61255894A patent/JPS63111039A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63111039A (en) | 1988-05-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |