JPH024108B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH024108B2
JPH024108B2 JP55182446A JP18244680A JPH024108B2 JP H024108 B2 JPH024108 B2 JP H024108B2 JP 55182446 A JP55182446 A JP 55182446A JP 18244680 A JP18244680 A JP 18244680A JP H024108 B2 JPH024108 B2 JP H024108B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
negative electrode
manifold
channel
shunt
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP55182446A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57105973A (en
Inventor
Takashi Hashimoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority to JP55182446A priority Critical patent/JPS57105973A/en
Publication of JPS57105973A publication Critical patent/JPS57105973A/en
Publication of JPH024108B2 publication Critical patent/JPH024108B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H01M50/77Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は積層電池、更に詳しくはカドミウム、
亜鉛、鉛等の金属を負極活物質とする電解液循環
型積層電池において、ポンプその他の補機を含め
た電池システム全体のエネルギー効率を低下させ
ることなく微少電流の分流によつて発生する3つ
の問題点、即ち1.分流損、2.充電電気量の不均
衡、3.異常電着の発生、を抑制及び防止するもの
である。 積層電池は、一般に電気的には複数個の単電池
を直列に積層し、電解液は負極液入口側共通マニ
ホールドおよび正極液入口側共通マニホールドよ
り、各単電池の負極液入口側チヤンネル又は正極
液入口側チヤンネルを経て負極室又は正極室に供
給され、負極液出口側チヤンネル又は正極液出口
側チヤンネルを径て、それぞれ負極液出口側マニ
ホールド、正極液出口側共通マニホールドから排
出される。 このように、単電池が、直列に接続されるのに
対し、電解液の循環が並列接続になつていること
から、単電池の入口側および出口側に微少電流の
分流を生じ、以下に述べるような障害となつてい
る。 (1) 分流損 マニホールド、チヤンネルでの微少
電流の分流による熱損失 (2) 充電電気量の不均衡 各単電池のチヤンネル
を流出入する微少電流の分流値(mA)が異な
るため、各単電池の電極を流れる電流値が相違
し、特に負極面上の金属負極活物質電着量、即
ち充電電気量が不均衡となる。 (3) 異常電着の発生 微少電流が流れ込む負極端
部では、僅かな分流でも端部集中により異常電
着が発生し、負極面上の液循環を乱したり、隣
接する負極との短絡問題を起す。 このような微少電流の分流による問題点を解決
するため、従来から各種の提案がなされている。
例えば、マニホールドとチヤンネルの径を小さく
し、又長さを長くすることでマニホールド及び電
解液の電気抵抗を増加させ、分流の値を減少させ
るものがある。この手法によれば分流の値が減少
するため、前記した分流による問題点のうち、分
流損及び充電電気量の不均衡は改善されるが、分
流が減少しても充電時、放電時ともに電解液が同
一方向に流れるため、充放電サイクルの径過とと
もに異常電着が発生し電解液の循環を妨げたり、
単電池間の短絡を生ずるなど、サイクル寿命に限
界を生じさせている。 また、マニホールド中に保護電流を流して、マ
ニホールド中の電位分布を各単電池の電位分布と
一致させ、これにより分流の発生をなくし、分流
による問題点を解決しようとするものが例えば特
開昭55−35499号として公知である。 この手法によれば分流の発生は解消されるの
で、前記した分流による問題点は解決されるが、
新たに保護電流を流すため、これによる電気エネ
ルギーの損失が発生し、ポンプその他の補機を含
めた電池システム全体のエネルギー損失が大きく
なる。この保護電流による損失は、マニホールド
の径を小さくすることである程度減少させること
ができるが、マニホールドの径の減少は、各単電
池への電解液の循環の不均一化と、循環ポンプの
エネルギー損失の増加を招くため限界があり、こ
の手法によつても保護電流による損失の問題が大
きく残る。 本発明は前記のような従来の問題点を解決する
ためになされたものであり、ポンプその他の補機
を含めた電池システム全体のエネルギー損失を増
大させることなく分流による問題点の内、異常電
着の発生と充電電気量の不均衡を解消し、分流損
を改善するものである。即ち、 (a) 負極液循環系での分流に関しては、負極液マ
ニホールド中に補助電極を設置し、この電極電
位を補助電源により積層電池の極の電位以下
に保つ。これによつて負極液循環系で発生する
分流が、マニホールドより各負極電解室内に流
れ込まれなくなり異常電着の発生がなくなる。 (b) 正極液循環系での分流に関しては、正極液マ
ニホールド中に補助電極を設置し、この電極電
位を補助電源により積層電池の極の電位以上
に保つ。これによつて正極液循環系で発生する
分流は、正極液マニホールドより各正極電解室
に流入するようになる。 ここで、さらに負極電解室より流出する分流
と正極電解室に流入する分流の値が、各単電池
で各々等しければ各単電池の負極を通過する電
流値が一定となり、負極面上の電着量即ち充電
電気量の不均衡が解消される。この流出入する
分流の調整は各単電池に係わるチヤンネル及び
マニホールドの寸法を調整し、チヤンネル及び
マニホールドの内液電気抵抗を調整するること
により行なわれる。 (c) チヤンネル及びマニホールドの内液電気抵抗
を調整する際、それらの内液電気抵抗の値が大
きくなるように調整すれば分流値は小さくなり
分流損の改善が計れる。 チヤンネルとマニホールドの内液電気抵抗を抵
抗等価回路で説明するため、まず単電池構造と抵
抗等価回路の対応を第1図で示す。 第1図aは単電池の縦断面図である。1は負電
極、2は正電極、3は両電極1,2のほぼ中間に
配置されたセパレータで、これは電極枠12,1
3を介して図示してないがボルトにより一体に固
定されている。4は負極室、5は正極室、6は
側端子、7は側端子、8は負極液入口側チヤン
ネル、10は負極液出口側チヤンネル、11は正
極液出口側チヤンネルである。 第1図bは上部単電池に対応した抵抗等価回路
である。14は正極電位を示す記号、15は負極
電位を示す記号である。Vaは正極電位、Vcは負
極電位を表わし、Va+Vcが単電池の開路電圧に
相当する。 Rc:負極側チヤンネル液抵抗(出口側と入口側
を同じ値とした。) Ra:正極側チヤンネル液抵抗(出口側と入口側
を同じ値とした。) Re:単電池内部抵抗 次に、この単電池を5層積層した第2図に示す
本発明の実施例における等価回路を第3図に示
す。液循環経路の出口側と入口側の各チヤンネル
及びマニホールドの寸法を等しくすると、抵抗等
価回路は第3図に示すように、例えば液循環入口
側で代表できる。 i1〜i5:各負極側チヤンネルを通り、負極室と負
極液マニホールド間に流れる分流(負極室
より流れ出る分流値を負とする。) I1〜I5:各正極側チヤンネルを通り、正極室と正
極液マニホールド間に流れる分流(正極室
に流れ込む分流値を正とする。) Rc1〜Rc5:負極側チヤンネル内液抵抗 Rc1〜Ra5:正極側チヤンネル内液抵抗 Rmc1〜Rmc5:各チヤンネル間負極側マニホー
ルド内液抵抗 Rma1〜Rma5:各チヤンネル間正極側マニホー
ルド内液抵抗 (番号は積層セル5個の低電圧側から順に付け
る。 Vpc:負極側補助電源電圧 Vpa:正極側補助電源電圧 J:負極側チヤンネル内を流れる分流の総和 J′:正極側チヤンネル内を流れる分流の総和 I+J′:積層電池の入出力電流 各回路についてキルヒホツフの法則より以下の
方程式を得る正極側で J′=I1+I2+I3+I4+I5 (1) Vpa=J′・Rpa+I5Ra5 (2) Va+Vc+(I+I5)Re=I4・ Ra4−I5Ra5+Rma4・ (I1+I2+I3+I4) (3) Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4−i5)Re I3・Ra3−I4Ra4+Rma3 ・(I1+I2+I3) (4) Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4+I3−i5− i4)Re=I2Ra2− I3Ra3+Rma2(I1+I2) (5) Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4+I3++I2− i5−i4−i3)Re=I1Ra1 −I2Ra2+Rma1・I1 (6) 負極側で Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4−i5)Re= i5Rc5−i4Rc4+Rmc4・i5 (7) Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4+I3−i5− i4)Re=i4Rc4−i3Rc3 +Rmc3(i5+i4) (8) Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4+I3+I2 −i5−i4−i3)Re= i3Rc3−i2Rc2+Rmc2 (i5+i4+i3) (9) Va+Vc+(I+I5+I4+I3+I2 +I1−i5−i4−i3−i2) Re=i2Rc2−i1Rc1+ Rmc1(i5+i4+i3+i2) (10) Vpc=J・Rpc+i1Rc1 (11) J=i1+i2+i3+i4+i5 (12) 以上が第3図より得られる回路方程式である。 第3図中、Vcの位置が各負電極の位置に相当
し、ここを流れる電流が各々一定値であれば充電
電気量の不均衡がなくなる。 各負電極を通過する電流値を一定αとすると、 I−J′+I5−i5=α (13) I4=i4 (14) I3=i3 (15) I2=i2 (16) I1=i1 (17) の条件が求まる。即ち、充電電気量の均衡を保つ
ために、式(14)、(15)、(16)、(17)を満たすよ
うな各数値を(1)〜(12)で決定すれば良いとになる。 今回、5層積層ZnBr2電池の設計に当り、各数
値の決定を以下のようにした。 仮定1) 全ての層積層を一定値iとする。 i=i1=i2=i3=i4=i5=I1 =I2=I3=I4=I5 (18) 仮定2) マニホールド内液抵抗を一定値Rmと
する。 Rm=Rmc1=Rmc2=Rmc3=Rmc4 =Rma1=Rma2=Rma3=Rma4 (19) 各電極電位を開路電圧で置き換えた。 Vo=Vc+Va (20) (1)〜(12)式を変形すると、 J=J′=5・i (21) Vpa=J・Rpa+iRa5 (22) Vo+(I−i)Re =i(Ra4−Ra5+4Rm) (23) =i(Ra3−Ra4+3Rm) (24) =i(Ra2−Ra3+2Rm) (25) =i(Ra1−Ra2+Rm) (26) =i(Rc5−Rc4+Rm) (27) =i(Rc4−Rc3+2Rm) (28) =i(Rc3−Rc2+3Rm) (29) =i(Rc2−Rc1+4Rm) (30) Vpc=JRpc+IRc1 (31) またVo+(I―i)Re=Vo+IReと近似して、
整理すると、 Ra5=Rc1 (32) Ra4=Rc2 (33) Ra3=Rc3 (34) Ra2=Rc4 (35) Ra1=Rc5 (36) Rpa=Rpc=Rp (37) Vpa=Vpc=Vp (38) Vp=i(5Rp+Ra5) (39) Vo+IRe =i(Ra4−Ra54Rm) (40) =i(Ra3−Ra4+3Rm) (41) =i(Ra2−Ra3+2Rm) (42) =i(Ra1−Ra2+Rm) (43) 式(32)〜(43)を使つて各数値を決定する。
そして電池の条件定数をVo=1.8V、Re=2×
10-2Ω、Rm=63.5Ω、充電時I=10A、充電時
の分流値i=4mA、Ra5=Rc1=100Ω、Rp=30
Ωとすると、 Ra4=Rc2=346Ω Ra3=Rc3=655.5Ω Ra2=Rc4=1028.5Ω Ra1=Rc5=1465Ω Vp=1V が求まる上記数値は充電時の場合である。開路
時、放電時は、(40)〜(43)の左辺が変化する。
従つて各抵抗一定の状態で(40)〜(43)を満足
させる為には、分流iの値を対応して変化させれ
ば良い。即ち(39)式のVpの値を変化させる。
この具体的数値を第1表に示す。
The present invention relates to a laminated battery, more specifically, a cadmium battery,
In electrolyte circulation type stacked batteries that use metals such as zinc and lead as negative electrode active materials, three This is to suppress and prevent problems such as 1. shunt loss, 2. imbalance in the amount of charged electricity, and 3. occurrence of abnormal electrodeposition. A stacked battery is generally electrically stacked with a plurality of cells in series, and the electrolyte is supplied to the negative electrode liquid inlet side channel of each cell or the positive electrode liquid from a common manifold on the negative electrode liquid inlet side and a common manifold on the positive electrode liquid inlet side. It is supplied to the negative electrode chamber or the positive electrode chamber through the inlet side channel, and is discharged from the negative electrode liquid outlet side manifold and the positive electrode liquid outlet side common manifold through the negative electrode liquid outlet side channel or the positive electrode liquid outlet side channel, respectively. In this way, while the cells are connected in series, the circulation of the electrolyte is connected in parallel, which causes a minute current to flow on the inlet and outlet sides of the cell, as described below. It has become such an obstacle. (1) Shunt loss Heat loss due to the shunt of minute currents in manifolds and channels (2) Imbalance in the amount of charge electricity Because the shunt values (mA) of the minute currents flowing in and out of the channels of each cell are different, each cell The current values flowing through the electrodes are different, and in particular, the amount of metal negative electrode active material electrodeposited on the negative electrode surface, that is, the amount of charged electricity becomes unbalanced. (3) Occurrence of abnormal electrodeposition At the negative end where a minute current flows, even a small amount of branched current can cause abnormal electrodeposition due to concentration at the end, which may disrupt the liquid circulation on the negative electrode surface or cause short circuits with adjacent negative electrodes. wake up Various proposals have been made in the past in order to solve the problems caused by such minute current shunts.
For example, some methods increase the electrical resistance of the manifold and electrolyte by reducing the diameter and length of the manifold and channel, thereby decreasing the value of the shunt. According to this method, the value of the shunt current decreases, which improves the shunt loss and the imbalance in the amount of electricity charged, among the problems caused by the shunt flow described above. Because the liquid flows in the same direction, abnormal electrodeposition occurs as the charge/discharge cycle elapses, blocking the circulation of the electrolyte.
This causes short circuits between cells, which limits cycle life. In addition, there is a method in which a protection current is passed through the manifold to match the potential distribution in the manifold with the potential distribution of each cell, thereby eliminating the occurrence of shunt and solving the problems caused by shunt, for example. It is known as No. 55-35499. According to this method, the occurrence of shunt flow is eliminated, so the problems caused by the shunt flow described above are solved, but
Since a new protective current flows, this causes a loss of electrical energy, increasing the energy loss of the entire battery system including the pump and other auxiliary equipment. Loss due to this protective current can be reduced to some extent by reducing the diameter of the manifold, but reducing the diameter of the manifold will result in uneven circulation of electrolyte to each cell and energy loss in the circulation pump. However, even with this method, there remains a significant problem of loss due to the protection current. The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and solves the problem of abnormal current due to shunting without increasing the energy loss of the entire battery system including pumps and other auxiliary equipment. This eliminates the occurrence of leakage and imbalance in the amount of charged electricity, and improves shunt losses. That is, (a) Regarding diversion in the negative electrode liquid circulation system, an auxiliary electrode is installed in the negative electrode liquid manifold, and the potential of this electrode is kept below the potential of the electrode of the stacked battery by an auxiliary power source. This prevents the branched flow generated in the negative electrode liquid circulation system from flowing into each negative electrode electrolysis chamber from the manifold, thereby eliminating the occurrence of abnormal electrodeposition. (b) For diversion in the catholyte circulation system, an auxiliary electrode is installed in the catholyte manifold, and the potential of this electrode is maintained at a level higher than the potential of the electrodes of the stacked battery using an auxiliary power source. As a result, the divided flow generated in the catholyte circulation system flows into each cathode electrolysis chamber from the catholyte manifold. Here, if the value of the shunt flow flowing out from the negative electrode electrolytic chamber and the shunt current flowing into the positive electrode electrolytic chamber are equal for each cell, the current value passing through the negative electrode of each cell will be constant, and the electrode deposits on the negative electrode surface. The imbalance in the amount of electricity, that is, the amount of charged electricity is eliminated. This inflow and outflow division is adjusted by adjusting the dimensions of the channel and manifold associated with each unit cell, and by adjusting the electrical resistance of the internal liquid in the channel and manifold. (c) When adjusting the internal liquid electrical resistance of the channel and manifold, if the internal liquid electrical resistance is adjusted to increase the value, the shunt value will become smaller and the shunt loss can be improved. In order to explain the internal liquid electrical resistance of the channel and manifold using a resistance equivalent circuit, first the correspondence between the cell structure and the resistance equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. FIG. 1a is a longitudinal sectional view of a cell. 1 is a negative electrode, 2 is a positive electrode, 3 is a separator placed approximately in the middle of both electrodes 1 and 2, and this is the electrode frame 12, 1.
Although not shown, they are fixed together via bolts 3. 4 is a negative electrode chamber, 5 is a positive electrode chamber, 6 is a side terminal, 7 is a side terminal, 8 is a channel on the negative electrode liquid inlet side, 10 is a channel on the negative electrode liquid outlet side, and 11 is a channel on the positive electrode liquid outlet side. FIG. 1b shows a resistance equivalent circuit corresponding to the upper cell. 14 is a symbol indicating the positive electrode potential, and 15 is a symbol indicating the negative electrode potential. Va represents the positive electrode potential, Vc represents the negative electrode potential, and Va+Vc corresponds to the open circuit voltage of a single cell. Rc: Negative channel liquid resistance (same value for outlet and inlet sides) Ra: Positive channel liquid resistance (same value for outlet and inlet sides) Re: Cell internal resistance FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, in which five layers of single cells are stacked. If the dimensions of the channels and manifolds on the outlet and inlet sides of the liquid circulation path are made equal, the resistance equivalent circuit can be represented, for example, at the liquid circulation inlet side, as shown in FIG. i 1 to i 5 : The divided flow passes through each negative electrode side channel and flows between the negative electrode chamber and the negative electrode liquid manifold (The value of the divided flow flowing out from the negative electrode chamber is assumed to be negative.) I 1 to I 5 : The divided flow passes through each positive electrode side channel and flows between the negative electrode liquid manifold. Divided flow flowing between the chamber and the positive electrode manifold (the value of the divided flow flowing into the positive electrode chamber is considered positive) Rc 1 to Rc 5 : Liquid resistance in the negative channel Rc 1 to Ra 5 : Liquid resistance in the positive channel Rmc 1 to Rmc 5 : Liquid resistance in the manifold on the negative side between each channel Rma 1 to Rma 5 : Liquid resistance in the manifold on the positive side between each channel (The numbers are assigned in order from the low voltage side of the 5 stacked cells. Vpc: Negative side auxiliary power supply voltage Vpa: Positive side auxiliary power supply voltage J: Sum of divided currents flowing in the negative side channel J': Total sum of divided currents flowing in the positive side channel I+J': Input/output current of the stacked battery For each circuit, the following equation is obtained from Kirchhoff's law. On the side, J′=I 1 +I 2 +I 3 +I 4 +I 5 (1) Vpa=J′・Rpa+I 5 Ra 5 (2) Va+Vc+(I+I 5 )Re=I 4・Ra 4 −I 5 Ra 5 +Rma 4・(I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4 ) (3) Va + Vc + (I + I 5 + I 4 − i 5 ) Re I 3・Ra 3 −I 4 Ra 4 + Rma 3・(I 1 + I 2 + I 3 ) (4) Va + Vc + ( I+I 5 +I 4 +I 3 −i 5 − i 4 )Re=I 2 Ra 2 − I 3 Ra 3 +Rma 2 (I 1 +I 2 ) (5) Va+Vc+(I+I 5 +I 4 +I 3 ++I 2 − i 5 −i 4 −i 3 ) Re=I 1 Ra 1 −I 2 Ra 2 +Rma 1・I 1 (6) Va+Vc+(I+I 5 +I 4 −i 5 )Re= i 5 Rc 5 −i 4 Rc 4 +Rmc 4 on the negative electrode side・i 5 (7) Va + Vc + (I + I 5 + I 4 + I 3 − i 5 − i 4 ) Re = i 4 Rc 4i 3 Rc 3 + Rmc 3 (i 5 + i 4 ) (8) Va + Vc + (I + I 5 + I 4 + I 3 +I 2 −i 5 −i 4 −i 3 )Re= i 3 Rc 3 −i 2 Rc 2 +Rmc 2 (i 5 +i 4 +i 3 ) (9) Va+Vc+(I+I 5 +I 4 +I 3 +I 2 +I 1 − i 5 −i 4 −i 3 −i 2 ) Re=i 2 Rc 2 −i 1 Rc 1 + Rmc 1 (i 5 +i 4 +i 3 +i 2 ) (10) Vpc=J・Rpc+i 1 Rc 1 (11) J=i 1 +i 2 +i 3 +i 4 +i 5 (12) The above is the circuit equation obtained from FIG. In FIG. 3, the position of Vc corresponds to the position of each negative electrode, and if the current flowing there is a constant value, there will be no imbalance in the amount of charged electricity. Assuming that the current value passing through each negative electrode is constant α, I−J′+I 5 −i 5 = α (13) I 4 = i 4 (14) I 3 = i 3 (15) I 2 = i 2 ( 16) Find the condition I 1 = i 1 (17). In other words, in order to maintain a balance in the amount of charged electricity, it is sufficient to determine each value from (1) to (12) that satisfies equations (14), (15), (16), and (17). . This time, when designing a five-layer laminated ZnBr 2 battery, each numerical value was determined as follows. Assumption 1) All layer stacks are set to a constant value i. i=i 1 = i 2 = i 3 = i 4 = i 5 = I 1 = I 2 = I 3 = I 4 = I 5 ( 18) Assumption 2) The liquid resistance in the manifold is a constant value Rm. Rm = Rmc 1 = Rmc 2 = Rmc 3 = Rmc 4 = Rma 1 = Rma 2 = Rma 3 = Rma 4 (19) Each electrode potential was replaced by an open circuit voltage. Vo=Vc+Va (20) Transforming equations (1) to (12), J=J'=5・i (21) Vpa=J・Rpa+iRa 5 (22) Vo+(I−i)Re=i(Ra 4 −Ra 5 +4Rm) (23) =i(Ra 3 −Ra 4 +3Rm) (24) =i(Ra 2 −Ra 3 +2Rm) (25) =i(Ra 1 −Ra 2 +Rm) (26) =i( Rc 5 −Rc 4 +Rm) (27) =i(Rc 4 −Rc 3 +2Rm) (28) =i(Rc 3 −Rc 2 +3Rm) (29) =i(Rc 2 −Rc 1 +4Rm) (30) Vpc =JRpc+IRc 1 (31) Also, approximating as Vo+(I-i)Re=Vo+IRe,
To summarize, Ra 5 = Rc 1 (32) Ra 4 = Rc 2 (33) Ra 3 = Rc 3 (34) Ra 2 = Rc 4 (35) Ra 1 = Rc 5 (36) Rpa = Rpc = Rp (37 ) Vpa=Vpc=Vp (38) Vp=i(5Rp+Ra 5 ) (39) Vo+IRe=i(Ra 4 −Ra 5 4Rm) (40) =i(Ra 3 −Ra 4 +3Rm) (41) =i(Ra 2 −Ra 3 +2Rm) (42) =i(Ra 1 −Ra 2 +Rm) (43) Determine each value using equations (32) to (43).
And the battery condition constants are Vo=1.8V, Re=2×
10 -2 Ω, Rm = 63.5Ω, charging I = 10A, charging shunt value i = 4mA, Ra 5 = Rc 1 = 100Ω, Rp = 30
Ω, then Ra 4 = Rc 2 = 346 Ω Ra 3 = Rc 3 = 655.5 Ω Ra 2 = Rc 4 = 1028.5 Ω Ra 1 = Rc 5 = 1465 Ω The above values for finding Vp = 1V are for charging. During open circuit and discharge, the left sides of (40) to (43) change.
Therefore, in order to satisfy (40) to (43) with each resistance constant, the value of the shunt i may be changed accordingly. That is, the value of Vp in equation (39) is changed.
The specific values are shown in Table 1.

【表】 前記設計に基づきZnBr25層積層電池を組み立
てた。第2図に本発明の一実施例を示す。同図に
於て、21,22,23,24,25が第1図で
説明したと同様な単電池である。そして各単電池
は接続26,27,28,29で接続され、3
0,31の端子により直列接続となつている。3
2は負極液の入口側共通マニホールドである。4
1,42,43,44,45は負極液入口側チヤ
ンネル、33は正極液入口側共通マニホールド、
51,52,53,54,55は正極液入口側チ
ヤンネル、34は負極液出口側マニホールド、4
6,47,48,49,50は負極液出口側チヤ
ンネル、35は正極液出口側共通マニホールド、
56,57,58,59,60は正極液出口側チ
ヤンネルである。 そして、各チヤンネルの径と長さは前記設計の
抵抗値をもつ寸法にしてある。前記抵抗との対応
は以下の通り、 Rc1→41,46、Rc2→42,47、Rc3→4
3,48、Ra4→44,49、Rc5→45,50、
Ra1→51,56、Ra2→52,57、Ra3→5
3,58、Ra4→54,59、Ra2→55,60 36,37は本発明の補助電極で、36は負極
液共通マニホールド32と34に貫通させ、37
は正極液マニホールド33,35に貫通させ、接
着剤で固着している。補助電極36は負極側補助
電源39の極につながれ、39は極は積層電
池の極端子30につながれている。補助電極3
7は正極側補助電源40の極につながれ、40
の極は積層電池の極端子31につながれてい
る。次に本発明を適用した場合と適用しない場合
を比較する。本発明を適用たZnBr25層電池を充
電、開路、放電の3つのパターンを通して10サイ
クル運転し、各パターンについての各チヤンネル
を流れる分流値を測定した。次に本発明を適用し
ない場合として、各単電池のチヤンネル部分を取
り換え、従来のようにチヤンネル抵抗を各セル等
しく、(全チヤンネル抵抗≒1500Ω)充電、開路、
放電の各パターンで10サイクル運転し、各チヤン
ネルを流れる分流値を測定した。各々得られた分
流値より各単電池の負極を通過した電流値を換算
し、最も電圧の低い負極の通過電流値を零点にし
て各単電池の負極通過電流分布を求めたのが第4
図である。横軸は電圧が低い順からの各単電池負
極Noを示し、縦軸は上記電流値である。この電
流値に時間の因子がかかると、(mA・Hr)とし
て充電電着量分布を表わす。第4図aは充電時、
同図bは開路時、同図cは放電時を示す。第4図
a,b,cから明らかなように、本発明を実施し
ない場合は負極通過電流に差があり、電気量の不
均衡を生じるが、本発明を適用した場合は、それ
が均一化されていることが解る。各10サイクル後
の負極面上の亜鉛電着状態を比較したところ、本
発明を適用しなかつた場合のチヤンネル付近の負
極端部には樹枝状の亜鉛電着が発していたが、本
発明を実施した場合には、このような異常電着は
全くみられなかつた。 次に電気エネルギーの損失を測定分流値と各マ
ニホールド、チヤンネル部分の液抵抗より計算で
求めたところ、 本発明を実施しない場合 0.14W 本発明を実施した場合 0.48W と僅かな増加であつた。 また本発明による電気エネルギーの損失を前記
した特開昭55−35499号による保護電流を適用し
たものの電気エネルギーの損失と比較した。保護
電流は約32mA必要となり、従つて保護電流によ
る損失の計算値は、3.6Wとなる。 すなわち、 本発明を実施した場合 0.48W 従来の保護電流を流した場合、3.6W このように本発明はエネルギーの損失も小さく
分流による各問題点を改善し、サイクル寿命の長
い積層電池を実現することができる。 上記の説明では補助電極36と37を負極液マ
ニホールド32と34及び正極液マニホールド3
3と35に配設した場合について述べたが補助電
極36を負極用チヤンネル41と46の部分又、
補助電極37を正極液入口側チヤンネル55と正
極液出口側チヤンネル60に設けてもよい。 以上詳述したように、 本発明は電解液循環型積層電池において負極液
マニホールド中に補助電極を設置し、この補助電
極の電位を補助電源により、積層電池の負極電位
以下にし、負極液循環系で発生する分流がマニホ
ールドより各負極電解室内に流れ込まなくすると
共に、正極液マニホールド中に補助電極を設置
し、この補助電極の電位を補助電源により、積層
電池の正極電位以上にして、正極液循環系で発生
する分流は正極液マニホールドより各正極電解室
に流入させる。この正極電解室内に流入する分流
値と負極電解室より流出する分流値を、負陽電解
液各マニホールドおよび各チヤンネルの内液電気
抵抗を調整して、各単電池でそれぞれ等しくさ
せ、各単電池の負極を通過する電流値を一定とす
ことにより、ポンプその他の補機を含む電池シス
テム全体の効率を低下させることなく各単電池の
電極への活物質、特に負極活物質の電着を均一に
すると、異常電着を防止しサイクル寿命が長く、
分流損の小さい積層電池を提供するところができ
る等有益な説明である。
[Table] A ZnBr 2 5-layer stacked battery was assembled based on the above design. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are unit cells similar to those explained in FIG. 1. And each cell is connected with connections 26, 27, 28, 29, and 3
They are connected in series through terminals 0 and 31. 3
2 is a common manifold on the inlet side of the negative electrode liquid. 4
1, 42, 43, 44, 45 are channels on the negative electrode liquid inlet side, 33 is a common manifold on the positive electrode liquid inlet side,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55 are channels on the positive electrode liquid inlet side, 34 is a manifold on the negative electrode liquid outlet side, 4
6, 47, 48, 49, 50 are channels on the negative electrode liquid outlet side, 35 is a common manifold on the positive electrode liquid outlet side,
56, 57, 58, 59, and 60 are channels on the positive electrode liquid outlet side. The diameter and length of each channel are set to have the resistance value of the design. The correspondence with the above resistances is as follows: Rc 1 → 41, 46, Rc 2 → 42, 47, Rc 3 → 4
3,48, Ra 4 →44,49, Rc 5 →45,50,
Ra 1 →51,56, Ra 2 →52,57, Ra 3 →5
3, 58, Ra 4 → 54, 59, Ra 2 → 55, 60 36, 37 are auxiliary electrodes of the present invention, 36 is passed through the negative electrode common manifold 32 and 34, 37
are passed through the positive electrode liquid manifolds 33 and 35 and fixed with adhesive. The auxiliary electrode 36 is connected to a pole of a negative auxiliary power source 39, and the pole of 39 is connected to an electrode terminal 30 of a stacked battery. Auxiliary electrode 3
7 is connected to the pole of the positive side auxiliary power supply 40, and 40
The pole is connected to the pole terminal 31 of the stacked battery. Next, a case where the present invention is applied and a case where the present invention is not applied will be compared. A ZnBr 2 5-layer battery to which the present invention was applied was operated for 10 cycles through three patterns of charging, opening, and discharging, and the shunt value flowing through each channel for each pattern was measured. Next, as a case where the present invention is not applied, the channel part of each cell is replaced, and the channel resistance is made equal for each cell as in the past (total channel resistance ≒ 1500Ω), charging, open circuit,
Each discharge pattern was operated for 10 cycles, and the shunt value flowing through each channel was measured. The fourth step was to convert the current value passing through the negative electrode of each unit cell from the obtained shunt value, and set the passing current value of the negative electrode with the lowest voltage as the zero point to obtain the negative electrode passing current distribution of each unit cell.
It is a diagram. The horizontal axis shows the negative electrode number of each cell in descending order of voltage, and the vertical axis shows the above current value. When this current value is multiplied by the factor of time, the charged electrodeposition amount distribution is expressed as (mA·Hr). Figure 4 a shows when charging;
Figure b shows the state when the circuit is open, and figure c shows the state when the circuit is discharged. As is clear from Figure 4 a, b, and c, if the present invention is not implemented, there will be a difference in the current passing through the negative electrode, resulting in an imbalance in the amount of electricity, but if the present invention is applied, this will become uniform. I understand what is happening. When comparing the state of zinc electrodeposition on the negative electrode surface after each 10 cycles, it was found that dendritic zinc electrodeposition was generated at the negative end near the channel when the present invention was not applied, but when the present invention was not applied, dendritic zinc electrodeposition was generated at the negative end near the channel. When carried out, such abnormal electrodeposition was not observed at all. Next, when the electrical energy loss was calculated from the measured shunt values and the liquid resistance of each manifold and channel portion, the loss was 0.14W when the present invention was not implemented, and 0.48W when the present invention was implemented, which was a slight increase. In addition, the loss of electrical energy according to the present invention was compared with the loss of electrical energy when the protective current according to the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-35499 was applied. The protection current will be approximately 32mA, so the calculated loss due to the protection current will be 3.6W. That is, when the present invention is carried out, the current is 0.48W.When the conventional protection current is applied, it is 3.6W.Thus, the present invention reduces energy loss, improves various problems caused by shunting, and realizes a stacked battery with a long cycle life. be able to. In the above explanation, the auxiliary electrodes 36 and 37 are used as the negative electrode liquid manifolds 32 and 34 and the positive electrode liquid manifold 3.
3 and 35, but the auxiliary electrode 36 is placed in the negative electrode channels 41 and 46,
The auxiliary electrode 37 may be provided in the positive electrode liquid inlet channel 55 and the positive electrode liquid outlet channel 60. As described in detail above, the present invention installs an auxiliary electrode in the negative electrode manifold in an electrolyte circulation type stacked battery, lowers the potential of this auxiliary electrode to below the negative electrode potential of the stacked battery using an auxiliary power supply, and At the same time, an auxiliary electrode is installed in the cathode manifold, and the potential of this auxiliary electrode is made higher than the cathode potential of the stacked battery using an auxiliary power source, and the cathode solution is circulated. The divided flow generated in the system is made to flow into each cathode electrolysis chamber from the cathode liquid manifold. The shunt value flowing into the positive electrode electrolysis chamber and the shunt flow value flowing out from the negative electrode electrolysis chamber are made equal for each cell by adjusting the internal solution electrical resistance of each manifold of the negative electrolyte and each channel. By keeping the current value that passes through the negative electrode constant, the active material, especially the negative electrode active material, can be electrodeposited uniformly on the electrode of each cell without reducing the efficiency of the entire battery system including the pump and other auxiliary equipment. This prevents abnormal electrodeposition and extends the cycle life.
This is a useful explanation as it allows us to provide a stacked battery with low shunt loss.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明を説明するための実施例でaは
各単電池における縦断面図、同図bは該単電池の
説明用等価回路、第2図は本発明の実施例におけ
る縦断面図、第3図は同上第2図の等価回路図、
第4図のa,b,cは発明を実施した場合と実施
しない場合における充電時、開路時および放電時
の各単電池負極を通過する電流値の比較を示す線
図である。 1は負極、2は正極、4は負極室、21〜25
は単電池、32は負極液入口側共通マニホール
ド、33は正極液入口側共通マニホールド、34
は負極液出口側共通マニホールド、35は正極液
出口側共通マニホールド、36,37、は補助電
極、39,40は補助電源、41〜45は負極液
入口側チヤンネル、46〜50は負極液出口側チ
ヤンネル、51〜55は正極液入口側チヤンネ
ル、56〜60は正極液出口側チヤンネル。
FIG. 1 is an embodiment for explaining the present invention, in which a is a vertical cross-sectional view of each unit cell, FIG. , Figure 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of Figure 2 of the same as above,
FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are diagrams showing a comparison of the current values passing through the negative electrode of each unit cell during charging, opening, and discharging when the invention is implemented and when the invention is not implemented. 1 is a negative electrode, 2 is a positive electrode, 4 is a negative electrode chamber, 21 to 25
is a single battery, 32 is a common manifold on the negative electrode liquid inlet side, 33 is a common manifold on the positive electrode liquid inlet side, 34
is a common manifold on the negative electrode liquid outlet side, 35 is a common manifold on the positive electrode liquid outlet side, 36, 37 are auxiliary electrodes, 39, 40 are auxiliary power supplies, 41 to 45 are channels on the negative electrode liquid inlet side, 46 to 50 are on the negative electrode liquid outlet side Channels 51 to 55 are channels on the positive electrode liquid inlet side, and 56 to 60 are channels on the positive electrode liquid outlet side.

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]

1 コネクタ端子と、該端子を後方から挿入でき
る端子収容室の側壁より内向きに該端子の前進を
制限する端子ストツパを突設したハウジングと、
該ハウジング内に該端子を押し込むことができる
スペーサとを組立ててなるコネクタであつて、前
記ハウジングは側壁部に前記スペーサを係合でき
る窓と該窓の両側に続いて前方に向つて平行に延
長されたガイドスリツトと該ガイドスリツトに挟
まれたタブ状壁部とを備えたものであり、前記ス
ペーサは前記ハウジングの側壁外面上を滑動しう
る本体と該本体の下方に設けられ該窓の側縁およ
び該ガイドスリツトに係合しうる摺動部材と該本
体の下方にほぼ平行して設けられ該タブ状壁部下
面により押されて前記端子収容室内に突出しうる
可撓性アームと前記ハウジングへの係止爪とを備
えたものである、電気コネクタ。
1. A housing having a connector terminal and a terminal stopper projecting inward from a side wall of a terminal housing chamber into which the terminal can be inserted from the rear, and which limits the advancement of the terminal;
A connector assembled with a spacer into which the terminal can be pushed, the housing having a window in a side wall in which the spacer can be engaged, and a window extending parallel to the front following both sides of the window. The spacer is provided with a main body that can slide on the outer surface of the side wall of the housing, and a spacer that is provided below the main body and that extends along the side edge of the window. a sliding member that can engage with the guide slit; a flexible arm that is provided substantially parallel to the lower part of the main body and that can be pushed by the lower surface of the tab-shaped wall and protrudes into the terminal accommodating chamber; and a locking member that locks onto the housing. An electrical connector that is equipped with a claw.

JP55182446A 1980-12-23 1980-12-23 Protective device of laminated for shunt of laminated battery and its method Granted JPS57105973A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55182446A JPS57105973A (en) 1980-12-23 1980-12-23 Protective device of laminated for shunt of laminated battery and its method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55182446A JPS57105973A (en) 1980-12-23 1980-12-23 Protective device of laminated for shunt of laminated battery and its method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57105973A JPS57105973A (en) 1982-07-01
JPH024108B2 true JPH024108B2 (en) 1990-01-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP55182446A Granted JPS57105973A (en) 1980-12-23 1980-12-23 Protective device of laminated for shunt of laminated battery and its method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS57105973A (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4197169A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-04-08 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Shunt current elimination and device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57105973A (en) 1982-07-01

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