JPH024258B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention significantly promotes the growth of shiitake mushroom mycelia,
This invention relates to a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms with extremely high efficiency and in a short period of time. [Prior art] The method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms is to fill logs with pure cultured seed fungi obtained by culturing shiitake mycelium on sawdust, and then seal the top with a lid made of bark or wax.
These inoculated logs can be used, or small cylindrical pieces made by bundling multiple wedge-shaped or stick-shaped pieces of wood or paper strings and binding them with glued cloth or thread (Jikko 55
-4989 Publication) with the above-mentioned pure culture seed fungi attached or impregnated with the seed pieces, which are packed into holes drilled in the log to obtain inoculated logs. Air humidity 75 at 35℃
Propagate mycelium on logs in approximately 100% of locations (propagation). Once this process has been completed, the log is propped up on both sides in a location suitable for mushroom growth, i.e., a location with sufficient sunlight, a temperature of approximately 15 to 17 degrees Celsius, and a humidity of approximately 85%. In spring and autumn, the shiitake mushrooms grow into a normal shape in 1 to 2 weeks after hodging and are collected as raw shiitake mushrooms. Recently, shiitake mushrooms contain medicinal ingredients such as the polysaccharide lentinan, which exhibits antitumor activity, double-stranded ribonucleic acid and peptide mannan, which exhibit interferon-inducing activity, and 5'-guanylic acid and glutamic acid, which are umami components. The demand for it is increasing rapidly. Along with this, shiitake production involves artificial inoculation, selection of bacteria,
It is rapidly increasing with the improvement of production technology such as greenhouse cultivation. However, with the increase in production, problems such as a shortage of logs, damage caused by harmful bacteria, and poor fruiting body development have also increased. Currently, emphasis is placed on the management of hodagi as a countermeasure against harmful bacteria, but environmental control is currently difficult under natural conditions. Therefore, we focused on the phenomenon that when shiitake mushroom mycelium spreads, it becomes difficult for harmful bacteria to invade, and we devised a method to quickly spread shiitake mushroom mycelium by administering nutritional additives when seeding. extract, soybean sprout extract, rice bran extract,
A method has been considered in which a water-absorbing material such as absorbent cotton is impregnated with pulp drainage components and the like is inserted into a seed seed inoculation hole, and the seed seed is directly driven onto it. However, the early spread of shiitake mycelium was not sufficient with the addition of these nutrients, and the operation was complicated. [Object of the Invention] The present invention provides a method for rapidly spreading shiitake mushroom mycelium by adding an extract of shiitake fruiting body and a shiitake culture medium as a mycelium growth promoting substance to a shiitake seed culture medium and then carrying out the usual shiitake cultivation method. In addition to preventing the invasion of harmful bacteria, Shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated by impregnating extracts of the Shiitake fruiting body and Shiitake culture medium into seed pieces bound with cloth or thread made by bundling and gluing multiple paper strings together. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method that allows easy cultivation operations and increases Shiitake mushroom cultivation efficiency. [Structure of the Invention] The present invention prevents the invasion of harmful bacteria and promotes the growth of shiitake mushrooms, resulting in high efficiency in shiitake cultivation by adding shiitake fruiting body extract and shiitake culture medium to shiitake seed culture medium. This is a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms that can be inoculated with shiitake mushrooms. Shiitake cultivation to which the method of the present invention is applied is a general shiitake cultivation that consists of the steps of inoculating a purely cultured shiitake seed fungus onto logs, laying down, hoisting, and collecting shiitake mushrooms, and the method of the present invention The feature of this method is that an extract of the fruiting body of the shiitake mushroom and a shiitake culture medium are used in the stage of culturing the shiitake seed fungus. The extract of the shiitake fruiting body used in the present invention is a substance extracted from the shiitake fruiting body with water, methanol, or chloroform, and further separated and purified by silica gel chromatography, and the main substance is presumed to be lipids. When the chloroform extract was further fractionated by silica gel thin layer chromatography, five spots appeared (developing solvent was chloroform:methanol = 5:1), and the second spot from the bottom was the most Since growth promoting activity was obtained,
When we searched for the constituent fatty acids of this spot fraction using gas chromatography, we found that linoleic acid and palmitic acid were overwhelmingly present. As described above, the extract of the fruiting body of Shiitake mushroom used in the present invention has the activity of promoting the growth of Shiitake mycelium in the form of water, alcohol, or chloroform, but an aqueous extract is practically preferred. The shiitake culture medium used in the present invention is horse manure decoction medium, peptone-added agar medium, asparagine-added agar medium, malt decoction agar medium, Mayer's medium, Richard's medium, Bettsfur's medium, potato agar medium, and wood rot fungi. The medium includes a medium in which mushrooms, especially shiitake, can be cultured, such as a potato-sucrose medium and a potato-sucrose medium. Among these, potato-sucrose medium is preferred. The amount of shiitake fruiting body extract added to this culture medium is preferably about 10 to 0.1%. To use this Shiitake fruiting body extract and Shiitake culture medium, the Shiitake seed fungus that has been pure cultured for Shiitake cultivation is stuffed into the hole in the log, covered with bark or wax, etc., and when inoculating, the seed fungus must be cultured, for example. Impregnate it in sawdust. Also,
When attaching shiitake seed fungi to a wedge-shaped or cylindrical piece of wood and using it as a seed piece, the piece of wood is coated or impregnated, or preferably used in the present invention is a cloth made by bundling and gluing a plurality of paper strings together. A method is used to obtain seed pieces by impregnating small cylindrical pieces tied together with thread. When using the seed pieces mentioned above, the seeds are stuffed into the holes of the logs and inoculated. The logs inoculated as described above are then placed horizontally at an angle at a temperature of approximately 5 to 35° C. and an atmospheric humidity of approximately 75% (laying down) using a conventional method. This bowing allows shiitake mycelium to propagate on the log. In the logs inoculated by the method of the present invention, the propagation of shiitake mushroom mycelium during the laying down process is significantly promoted, and the propagation is promoted approximately five times as much as in the case of a general method. As described above, the shiitake mycelia have grown on the logs and are exposed to sufficient light at 15-17℃ and the air humidity is 85%.
In a natural or artificial environment, the shiitake mushrooms will take a normal shape in one to two weeks by leaning logs at an angle of about 60 degrees from both sides (hoda-ori). After this process is completed, the shiitake mushrooms grown on the logs are collected. [Example] Example 1 40g of shiitake fruiting bodies were placed in 240ml of water, stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and the resulting extract was centrifuged.
Concentrate the liquid phase under reduced pressure to obtain 40ml of shiitake fruiting body water extract.
get. 40 ml of the thus obtained shiitake fruiting body water extract
Potato-sucrose medium (cut 250 g of potato into small pieces, boil for about 20 minutes, filter through a cloth and make the filtrate 1. Adjust by adding 20 g of sucrose) 360 ml
In addition, paper strings were cut into 100 to 200 mm lengths and tied into a cylindrical shape of about 20 mm in the liquid, and pieces (hereinafter referred to as string strings) were tied together by wrapping them in a cloth coated with starch glue. 1,000 pieces are dipped and impregnated, then sterilized and inoculated with shiitake bacteria. These seed pieces were stuffed into the holes of the logs and inoculated, and then the shiitake mushrooms were harvested by laying down and raising the wood using the usual method. Example 2 Put 80 g of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies into 240 ml of methanol and extract with stirring while heating at 60°C for 3 hours. The obtained extract is centrifuged, and the liquid phase is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 40 ml of a methanol extract of shiitake fruiting body. Add 40 ml of the thus obtained methanol extract of the shiitake fruiting body to 360 ml of potato-sucrose medium,
Thereafter, shiitake mushrooms are cultivated by impregnating the same string pieces as in Example 1 and using them as seed pieces. Example 3 Put 80 g of Shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies into 240 ml of chloroform and extract with stirring at 60°C for 3 hours.
The obtained extract is centrifuged, and the liquid phase is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 40 ml of a chloroform extract of shiitake fruiting body. Add 40 ml of the shiitake fruiting body chloroform extract thus obtained to 360 ml of potato-sucrose medium,
Thereafter, shiitake mushrooms are cultivated by impregnating the same string pieces as in Example 1 and using them as seed pieces. [Effect of the invention] Shiitake mushroom seed water obtained in Examples 1, 2, and 3,
Methanol, chloroform extract
Shiitake mycelial growth in a sample containing the shiitake fruiting body extract of the present invention added to a sucrose medium at 10%, 0.3%, and 0.1%, respectively, and in a medium without additives as a control was measured by the fungal weight measurement method. The results of determining the growth rate are shown in Table 1.

[Table] As shown above, the water extract is 5 times that of the non-additive group when 10% is added, the methanol extract is 2 times that of the non-additive area when 0.3% is added, and the chloroform extract is 5 times the amount when 0.1% is added.
Double growth activity was obtained. Furthermore, the string pieces obtained by the method of Example 1 were inoculated into Quercus serrata and allowed to lie down for 370 days, and the proliferation of Shiitake fungi on the peeled surface and the end surface was calculated. In addition, the string piece of Example 1 to which 1% glycerin was added to prevent drying was also used as a sample. In addition, as a control, Himokoma impregnated with an additive-free medium and inoculated with Shiitake fungi was used. The results were as shown in Table 2.

[Table] As shown in Table 2, good results were obtained on both the peeled surface and the end surface by adding the shiitake fruiting body extract.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, which comprises adding a shiitake fruiting body extract and a shiitake culture medium to a shiitake seed culture medium. 2. The shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the shiitake seed culture medium is a seed piece made by bundling a plurality of wood chips or paper strings and binding them with glued cloth or thread. 3. The shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the shiitake fruiting body extract is an extract obtained by extracting the shiitake fruiting body with water, methanol, or chloroform.