JPH0249860A - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make people safely and quickly escapable at time of a fire by installing each elevator building in both living and separate houses, and connecting every floor through a connecting building, while installing a stairway leading to a connecting passage at a lower floor from each floor. CONSTITUTION:An elevator building 2 provided with an elevator is installed in a living house 1 with plural numbers of rooms 11 and an outhouse, respectively, and a connecting building 3 with connecting passages 39, connecting the respective rooms 11 to an elevator inlet,, is installed in each floor. Next, first gates 93 are installed in the connecting passages 39 and second gates 92 at the side of the living house 1, respectively, then stairways 91 connecting the second gates 92 to the first gates 93 at the lower floor are installed there. With this constitution, at time of a fire in the living house 1, a spreading fire to the elevator and these connecting passages and an inrush of smoke are all kept back, and residents are escapable safely and quickly in utilizing the elevator and emergency stairs 91.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a building suitable for application to a high-rise building.

[Conventional technology]

Figure 10 shows the structure of a conventional building.

A living space 72 is formed on each floor of the building 71, and this living space 72 is a room used by people as needed.

It is divided into halls, corridors, etc. Elevator 73 is aisle 7
4 and stop at a predetermined floor as necessary. A door 76 provided at the entrance of the elevator on each floor is opened and closed in conjunction with the door 75 of the elevator 73.

When you get off the elevator, you are usually in an elevator hall, from which you can walk down a hallway to reach each room.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In this way, the conventional building has a structure in which the living space 72 on each floor and the elevator 73 are directly connected through the doors 75 and 76. Therefore, if a fire or the like occurs in the living space 72 on a predetermined floor, smoke will pass through the door 76 and into the passageway 74.
The passage 74 becomes a passage for smoke, like a chimney. Therefore, in the event of a fire, people are currently instructed not to use the elevator 73 that moves up and down within the passageway 74, but to use the stairs to evacuate.

However, in the case of high-rise buildings, evacuating to the first floor using the stairs requires a considerable amount of physical strength, and it is almost impossible for elderly people, sick people, etc. to evacuate using the stairs.

Therefore, for example, the 11th standard adopted in ordinary housing complexes, etc.
A structure as shown in the figure can be considered. As shown in the figure, the living space 72 on each floor is divided into a plurality of spaces 72A, 72B, etc., each of which is formed independently so as to be isolated from the outside air. Each space 72A, 72B, etc. has a dedicated door 82A,
82B, etc. are provided, and when exiting through doors 82A, 82B, etc.
You can exit to the common corridor 81. The elevator entrance door 76 can be reached through the hallway 81. A handrail 83 is only formed in the hallway 81, and the hallway 81 communicates with the outside air.

Therefore, even if a fire or the like occurs in the living space 72 on a predetermined floor, the smoke is directly discharged to the outside from the hallway 81 and is unlikely to enter the elevator passage 74.

However, in this structure, one passage 74 faces the space 72A with a wall in between, so when a fire breaks out from the space 72A, the wall collapses and heat is generated inside the passage 74.

There is a risk of smoke, flames, etc. entering. In addition, since the corridor 81 communicates with the outside air, the environment is almost the same as outside, and not only cannot air conditioning be used, but it is also exposed to wind and rain, so it is essentially a living space. I can't say that.

Therefore, although such a structure is suitable for housing complexes, it is difficult to apply it to buildings such as department stores, companies, offices, etc.

The present invention was made in view of this situation, and is applicable to department stores,
BACKGROUND ART Buildings that can be used for offices, etc. are often used to allow many people to quickly and safely evacuate in the event of a fire.

[Means for Solving Problem 1] The building of the present invention is a residential building in which rooms mainly used by people are formed on multiple floors, and a building in which rooms mainly used by people move from a predetermined floor to another predetermined floor. An elevator building where elevators are located,
a connecting building having a connecting path connecting a room of the residential building and an elevator entrance of the elevator building on a predetermined floor; a first entrance located in the connecting path;
A second entrance is located on the residential building side of the entrance and is located on the upper floor of the first entrance, and a staircase connects the first entrance and the second entrance.

[Effect]

The elevator entrance and the room are connected by a connecting path. The six stairs that smoke generated from a room normally ascends when a fire occurs are provided from rooms on a given floor toward the connecting path on the lower floor, so there is little risk of smoke entering the connecting path or into the elevator.

Therefore, many people will be able to safely evacuate not only using the elevator but also using the stairs if necessary.

〔Example〕

7 and 8 show the structure of the building of the present invention. The building according to the present invention includes a residential building 1 in which a part JM (including halls, corridors, etc.) 11 that is cut off from the outside is formed on each floor, and an elevator building 2 in which elevators are installed, and a communication building that connects the two. It is composed of 3. As shown in FIG. 7, the elevator building 2 is connected to the residential building 1 only via the connecting building 3. In other words, the left and right sides and rear of the elevator building 2 are each in contact with the outside air, and are not connected to the residential building 1 through a wall.

The residential building 1 is divided into a plurality of floors, and each floor has a room 11 formed therein. The room 11 is subdivided into halls, corridors, etc. as necessary. The room 11 is shielded from the outside air to prevent wind and rain from entering, but it may also be provided with windows that can be opened and closed manually.

A passage 27 is formed in the elevator building 2, and an elevator 21 suspended by a wire 28 is movable up and down. A smoke evacuation device consisting of a smoke evacuation port 22 and a lid 23 for opening or closing the smoke evacuation port 22 is attached to the ceiling of the elevator 21. Also, on the side walls and ceiling of elevator building 2,
A smoke evacuation device consisting of a smoke evacuation port 25 and a lid 26 for opening and closing the smoke evacuation port 25 is attached. If necessary, a fan may be added to these smoke exhaust devices to actively exhaust smoke.

A communication path 39 connecting the elevator 21 and the room 11 is formed in the communication building 3. A door 31 is attached to the elevator side of the communication path 39 so as to face the door 24 of the elevator 21.

This door 31 is a so-called elevator entrance (or exit) door, and is opened and closed in conjunction with the door 24. A door 32 is provided on the room side of the communication path 39 as required.

Above the communication path 39 is a communication section 3 that directly communicates with the outside air.
3 is formed. A smoke exhaust device consisting of a smoke exhaust port 34 and a lid 35 for opening and closing the smoke exhaust port 34 is attached to the ceiling 36 of the communication path 39. A fan can also be attached to this smoke evacuation device if necessary. The connecting portion 37 connects the residential building 1 and the elevator building 2 and integrates them into a building.

A nozzle 38 for forming an air curtain is arranged below the door 31 and the smoke exhaust port 34 (preferably as close to the door 31 as possible). Further, a relatively small window 40 is formed in the side wall of the communication path 39 and can be manually opened and closed.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a control device that controls the evacuation equipment including this elevator. In the figure, 51 is a power supply circuit that supplies the power necessary to operate the elevator 21. The power supply circuit 51 is separate and independent from the power supply system supplied to the rooms 11 of the residential building 1. Therefore room 1
Even if the supply of electricity to the residential building 1 is stopped due to a fire that occurs in the elevator building 1, power can be supplied to the elevator building 2. A drive circuit 52 drives a motor 53 that operates the elevator 21. Reference numeral 54 denotes an operation switch disposed near the elevator entrance of each floor (near the door 31 or 32) and inside the elevator 21, and is operated when calling or operating the elevator 21. 5
Reference numeral 5 denotes a control circuit composed of, for example, a microcomputer, which controls the operation of the elevator 21. 56 is a detector for detecting smoke and fire, and is installed on the ceiling 3 of the communication path 39 on each floor.
6 and room 11. 57 is a drive circuit;
The motor 58 and compressor 59 are driven. motor 58
drives the lid 35. Compressor 59 compresses air to create an air curtain.

During normal operation, when the operation switch 54 is operated, the control circuit 55
In response to the operation, the motor 53 is activated via the drive circuit 52.
to drive. Therefore, the elevator 21 moves from a predetermined floor to a predetermined floor in response to the operation.

When a fire breaks out in the room 11 on a predetermined floor and smoke is detected, for example, by the detector 56 placed in the communication path 39 on that floor, the control circuit 55 controls the motor 5 via the drive circuit 57.
Drive 8. The motor 58 moves the lid 35 and opens the smoke exhaust port 34.

As a result, smoke, flame, heat, etc. that have entered the communication path 39 are forcibly discharged to the outside via the smoke exhaust port 34 and the communication portion 33. The length of the communication path 39 and the size of the smoke exhaust port 34 are set so that this smoke, etc. can be sufficiently exhausted.

Also, at this time, the compressor 59 is driven at the same time, and compressed air is vigorously jetted upward from the nozzle 38, forming an air curtain. Therefore, it is possible to prevent smoke and the like from entering the passage 27 from the door 31 and from entering the inside of the elevator 21 from the door 24.

Even so, if the amount of smoke etc. is so large that it cannot be sufficiently discharged from the smoke exhaust port 34, it is possible that smoke may enter the inside of the elevator 21. Therefore, it is possible to provide another motor and drive the motors simultaneously to open the lids 23 and 26. In this way, elevator 2
The smoke inside 1 is removed from the smoke exhaust port 22, passage 27. The smoke is forcibly discharged to the outside through the smoke exhaust port 25.

If a door 32 is provided, it may be left open during normal operation. This makes it more convenient to get on and off the elevator.

However, in the event of a fire, it is preferable to open and close in conjunction with the operation of the elevator 21.

By doing so, it is possible to more effectively prevent smoke and the like from entering the elevator. When the distance between door 31 and door 32 (distance of communication path 39) is relatively short, door 3
2 can be opened and closed in conjunction with the door 31 (therefore the door 24) (almost simultaneously).

The door 31 is relatively far from the door 32 (the communication path 39
is relatively long), and a relatively large number of people (for example, a number close to the capacity of the elevator 21) can gather on the connecting path 39,
The door 32 can also be opened and closed manually. In this way, it is possible to more effectively prevent smoke, etc. from entering the elevator 21, and at the same time,
Since the evacuees there can open and close the door 32 as needed, they can actively use the communication path 39 as an evacuation site. In this case, an air curtain may be formed at the door 32 as well.

If even a small amount of smoke, heat, etc. remains in the communication path 39 and it becomes difficult to breathe, the window 40 can be opened manually as necessary.

In this way, even in the event of a fire, the operation switch 54 on each floor or in the elevator can be used in the same way as in normal times.
By operating the elevator 21, it is possible to safely evacuate. In addition, since an air layer is formed between the residential line 1 and the elevator building 2 by the communication section 33 and the communication path 39, this acts as a wall for heat protection, flame prevention, and smoke prevention, and the elevator building 2 is protected. be done.

In the event of a fire, the lids 35 of the communication passages 39 on all floors
It is also possible to open the However, opening the lid of a communication route where no smoke is occurring may even lead to an unexpected accident.

Therefore, for example, you can open all the lids only on the floors above the floor where smoke was detected, or open only that floor and a predetermined number of floors (for example, 10 floors) above that floor.
It is also possible to prevent the lids on other floors from opening.

Figure 1 shows a structure that allows even more people to evacuate quickly and safely. In the figure, 91 is a staircase (including a movable staircase, that is, an escalator), which connects doorways 92 and 93 on the upper and lower floors. The entrance/exit 93 on the lower floor is within the connecting path 39,
It is located closer to the elevator building 2 than the smoke exhaust port 34.

On the other hand, the entrance/exit 92 on the upper floor is located within the residential line 1 in this embodiment. 100 is the floor of the residential line 1, and 94 is a hole formed in the floor 100 for passing the stairs 91.

As schematically shown in FIG.
The building is formed so that it rises from the top toward the room 11 of the residential building 1. Therefore, for example, when going from floor F6 to floor F4, use the stairs 91 from entrance 92 on floor F6 to go down to entrance 93 of access route 39 on floor F5, connecting route 3 on floor F5.
Walk from 9 to entrance 92 of room 11 on that floor, then take stairs 91.
Use this to get down to floor F4, and walk from entrance 93 on floor F4 to room 11 on that floor.

If you want to go up, you will have to go back along the above-mentioned route.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, if the stairs 91 between floors F6 and F5 are formed to descend from the residential building 1 side toward the access road 39 side, the stairs 91 between floors F5 and F4 are , it is also conceivable to form it so that it descends from the communication road 39 side toward the residential building 1 side. This configuration allows the entrances and exits on the same floor to be placed close together, which is convenient because the walking distance between the entrances and exits on the same floor is short.

However, if the stairs 91 are formed to connect the communication passage 39 on the upper floor and the room 11 on the lower floor, if a fire breaks out in the room 11, smoke, heat, flames, etc. will be guided to the stairs 91 and the room 11 will be directed to the upper floor. There is a possibility that the debris may enter the communication path 39. On the other hand, if the smoke is constructed as shown in FIG. 4, smoke and the like normally move upwards, so there is little risk of it entering the communication path 39 on the lower floor. Therefore, since not only the elevator 21 but also one staircase 91 can be used, more people can evacuate safely and quickly. If the stairs 91 are an escalator,
Allows for faster evacuation. Of course, in this case, the escalator is driven by the power source from the elevator building, not the power source from the residential building.

Although the stairs 91 can be used even in non-fire situations,
The main purpose is evacuation in the event of a fire.

Therefore, the staircase 91, at least one of which is located in the connecting building 3, is constructed as shown in FIG. 4 (FIG. 1).

Of course, it is preferable that the stairs (not shown) formed in the residential building 1 for the main purpose of use in non-fire outbreaks be constructed as shown in FIG. 5.

Since the stairs 91 are used for evacuation in this way, as shown in FIG.
91D can be connected to form a tunnel shape. In this way, it is possible to prevent 1M, flame, heat, etc. from entering the inside.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the staircase 91.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the entrance 92 is arranged in the residential building 1, but in the embodiment shown in FIG. If the connecting path 39 can be made sufficiently long, safer evacuation will be possible by configuring it as in the embodiment shown in FIG. in this case,
The entrances and exits 92 and 93 of the stairs 91 are both inside the connecting building 3 and are located closer to the elevator building than the smoke exhaust port 34, so there is little risk of smoke entering there.Therefore, in this case, the stairs 91 It is possible not only to form it as shown in FIG. 4 (FIG. 3), but also to form it as shown in FIG. With this configuration, two entrances and exits on the same floor can be placed close to each other, so the distance traveled between them can be reduced, and faster W access is possible. Of course, in this case as well, it is preferable to configure the stairs 91 as an escalator.

FIG. 6 shows yet another embodiment. In the previous embodiments, the stairs 91 were provided along the communication direction of the communication path 39, but in this example, the stairs 91
are provided on the left, right, or both side walls of the communication path 39 (in a direction perpendicular to the communication direction). In this case as well, the entrances and exits 92 and 93 are arranged closer to the elevator building than the smoke exhaust port 34 and on the same floor. This embodiment is applied when the width of the connecting building 3 is relatively wide. Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, this embodiment also allows evacuation without passing through the residential building 1, thereby ensuring greater safety.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, a residential building with one room and an elevator building with an elevator are connected by a connecting building, and a staircase (escalator) is provided in the connecting building.
It is possible to prevent smoke from entering the access building and elevators, and even in the event of a fire, many people can safely and quickly evacuate using the stairs (escalators) and elevators. Furthermore, since the connecting building forms a kind of air layer, it is possible to prevent a fire from spreading to the elevator building. Furthermore, since there are no parts of the residential building that are directly connected to the outside air,
It prevents wind and rain from entering, and can be applied to buildings such as department stores and offices.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a building according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a staircase according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3, 6, and 8 are views of other embodiments of a building according to the present invention. 4 and 5 are explanatory diagrams of stairs, FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the building of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the elevator control device of the building of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view of a conventional building, and FIG. 11 is a plan sectional view of a conventional building. 1... Residential building 2 ・ ・ ・ 3 ・ ・ ・ 21 ・ ・ 34 ・ ・ 35 ・ ・ 39 ・ ・ 91 ・ ・ 92, 9 Elevator building connection building, room dispute elevator, smoke vent, cover body, connection path・Stairs 3... Entrance and above

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) A residential building in which rooms mainly used by people are formed on multiple floors, an elevator building in which elevators are located to move from a given floor to a given other floor, and the above on a given floor. a connecting building having a connecting path connecting a room in the residential building and an elevator entrance of the elevator building; a first entrance located in the connecting path; and a connecting building located closer to the residential building than the first entrance. , said first
A building comprising: a second entrance located on the upper floor of the entrance; and a staircase connecting the first entrance and the second entrance. (2) A smoke exhaust port is formed in the ceiling or side wall of the communication path so that the space in the communication path communicates with outside air, and a smoke exhaust port is formed in the ceiling or side wall of the communication path so that the space in the communication path communicates with the outside air, and the smoke exhaust port is formed in the ceiling or side wall of the communication path so that the space in the communication path communicates with the outside air. 2. The building according to claim 1, further comprising a lid that closes and opens so that smoke from the residential building is exhausted to the outside when a fire occurs. (3) A residential building in which rooms mainly used by people are formed on multiple floors, an elevator building in which elevators are arranged to move from a certain floor to a certain other floor, and the above on a certain floor. A connecting building having a connecting path connecting the rooms of the residential building and the elevator entrance of the elevator building, and a smoke exhaust formed on the ceiling or side wall of the connecting path so that the space of the connecting path communicates with the outside air. an entrance, first and second entrances in the communication path on the same floor and located closer to each other on the side of the elevator building than the smoke exhaust port, the first entrance on the upper floor and the first entrance on the lower floor. A building comprising a staircase that communicates with a second entrance. (4) A claim further comprising a lid that closes the smoke exhaust port to prevent wind and rain from entering the communication path during normal times, and opens so that smoke from the residential building is exhausted to the outside in the event of a fire. Buildings in Section 3. (5) Claims 1, 2, and 3, wherein the stairs are escalators.
Or 4 buildings. (6) The building according to claim 5, wherein the residential building and the elevator building have separate power supplies, and the elevator and escalator are driven by the power source on the elevator building side. (7) Claim 1, wherein the stairs are configured in a tunnel shape.
Any building from 6 to 6.