【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は、刷子用摺動接点材料の改良に関す
る。
従来、摺動接点材料としては各種材料が用いら
れ、とりわけ刷子用摺動接点材料としては、硬
さ、耐蝕性、ばね性等の優れた、Pd87〜93重量
％、Ru7〜13重量％より成る合金材料が広く用い
られていた（昭和40年７月８日に工業日日新聞社
から発行された日本電子材料技術協会編の新しい
接点材料第115頁参照）。
然し乍ら、この合金材料で製作した刷子接点で
は、整流子との摺動時に凝着して耐摩耗性が劣
り、摩耗粉が生じ易く、接触抵抗が不安定でノイ
ズ発生の原因となつていた。
本発明は、斯かる欠点を解消すべくなされたも
のであり、前記合金材料を基材としてこれに特定
の材料を僅かに添加させて、摺動時に発生する酸
化物により凝着を防止し、耐摩耗性を向上させた
刷子用摺動接点材料を提供せんとするものであ
る。
本発明の刷子用摺動接点材料は、組成比で
Pd87〜93重量％、Ru7〜13重量％のPd−Ruが92
〜99.5重量％及び残部がAl、Mn、Ni及びSiの少
なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜８重量％から成るも
のである。
本発明の刷子用摺動接点材料に於いて、組成比
でPd87〜93重量％、Ru7〜13重量％のPd−Ruが
92〜99.5重量％及び残部がAl、Mn、Ni及びSiの
少なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜８重量％としてい
る理由は、前記従来の合金材料の耐摩耗性を向上
すべく凝着を防止する酸化物を適量発生させる為
で、Al、Mn、Ni及びSiのうち少なくとも一種を
合計で0.5重量％未満では酸化物の発生量が少な
くて凝着を防止する効果を発揮できず、Al、
Mn、Ni及びSiのうち少なくとも一種を合計で８
重量％を超えると酸化物の発生量が多くなり、接
触抵抗が高くなり、その上不安定となるものであ
る。またPd、Ruの含有量は、前記従来の合金材
料の組成比に変更を加えない範囲とすることによ
り、従来の合金材料の特性は損なわれることなく
発揮されることとなるものである。
次に従来の合金材料を基材とし、これにAlを
添加し表の実施例１に示す成分組成の刷子用摺動
接点材料とし、以下同様にして表に示す成分組成
の本発明による刷子用摺動接点材料と従来の刷子
用摺動接点材料を用いて夫々線径0.7mmの刷子線
材を作り、これを各々長さ８mmに切断し、２本並
列させて一端を幅10mm、長さ13mm、厚さ0.2mmの
台材に溶接し、他端に2Rの円弧状の接触部を曲
成して刷子接点を作つた。そして夫々の刷子接点
を円盤状の整流子に接触させ、整流子を正逆回転
させて下記の試験条件にて摺動試験を行い、摩耗
量及び接触抵抗を測定した処、下記の表の右欄に
示すような結果を得た。
試験条件
電流：直流0.6A
電圧：12V
負荷：抵抗負荷
回転速度：1000回転／分
周速：130〜120ｍ／min
接触力：100ｇ
試験時間：７時間
The present invention relates to improvements in sliding contact materials for brushes. Conventionally, various materials have been used as sliding contact materials, and in particular, sliding contact materials for brushes are made of Pd 87-93% by weight and Ru 7-13% by weight, which have excellent hardness, corrosion resistance, spring properties, etc. Alloy materials were widely used (see page 115 of New Contact Materials, edited by Japan Electronic Materials Technology Association, published by Kogyo Nichi-Nichi Shimbun on July 8, 1966). However, brush contacts made of this alloy material adhere when sliding with the commutator, resulting in poor wear resistance, easy generation of abrasion powder, and unstable contact resistance, causing noise generation. The present invention has been made in order to eliminate such drawbacks, and uses the above alloy material as a base material and adds a small amount of a specific material to it to prevent adhesion due to oxides generated during sliding. The object of the present invention is to provide a sliding contact material for brushes with improved wear resistance. The sliding contact material for brushes of the present invention has a composition ratio of
Pd-Ru with 87-93 wt% Pd and 7-13 wt% Ru 92
-99.5% by weight, and the remainder consists of a total of 0.5-8% by weight of at least one of Al, Mn, Ni, and Si. In the sliding contact material for brushes of the present invention, Pd-Ru has a composition ratio of 87 to 93% by weight of Pd and 7 to 13% by weight of Ru.
The reason why 92 to 99.5% by weight and the balance of at least one of Al, Mn, Ni, and Si is 0.5 to 8% by weight in total is because of the oxidation that prevents adhesion in order to improve the wear resistance of the conventional alloy material. If the total amount of at least one of Al, Mn, Ni, and Si is less than 0.5% by weight, the amount of oxide generated will be small and the effect of preventing adhesion will not be exhibited.
A total of 8 at least one of Mn, Ni and Si
If it exceeds % by weight, the amount of oxides generated will increase, contact resistance will increase, and furthermore, it will become unstable. Furthermore, by setting the contents of Pd and Ru within a range that does not change the composition ratio of the conventional alloy material, the characteristics of the conventional alloy material can be exhibited without being impaired. Next, a conventional alloy material is used as a base material, and Al is added thereto to obtain a brush sliding contact material having the composition shown in Example 1 in the table. Brush wires with a wire diameter of 0.7 mm were made using the sliding contact material and the conventional sliding contact material for brushes, each was cut to a length of 8 mm, and two wires were placed in parallel with one end having a width of 10 mm and a length of 13 mm. A brush contact was made by welding to a 0.2 mm thick base material and bending a 2R arc-shaped contact part at the other end. Then, each brush contact was brought into contact with a disk-shaped commutator, and the commutator was rotated in forward and reverse directions to perform a sliding test under the following test conditions, and the wear amount and contact resistance were measured. The results shown in the column were obtained. Test conditions Current: DC 0.6A Voltage: 12V Load: Resistance load Rotation speed: 1000 rotations/divided speed: 130-120m/min Contact force: 100g Test time: 7 hours
【表】
上記の表で明らかなように実施例１〜15の刷子
接点は従来例の刷子接点に比し摩耗量が著しく少
なく、接触抵抗が低く安定していることが判る。
これはひとえに実施例１〜15の刷子接点の刷子線
材を構成している本発明の刷子用摺動接点材料
が、摺動時にAl、Mn、Ni、Si等の酸化物が発生
し、この酸化物が凝着を防止して耐摩耗性が向上
するからに他ならない。
以上詳記した通り本発明による刷子用摺動接点
材料によれば、従来の刷子用摺動接点材料に比べ
著しく耐摩耗性に優れ、摩耗粉の発生量が極めて
少なく、ノイズの発生が殆んど無く、また従来の
刷子用摺動接点材料による場合よりも低く安定し
た接触抵抗を有する刷子接点を得ることができる
という効果がある。[Table] As is clear from the above table, it can be seen that the brush contacts of Examples 1 to 15 had significantly less wear than the conventional brush contacts, and that the contact resistance was low and stable.
This is because the sliding contact material for brushes of the present invention, which constitutes the brush wire of the brush contacts of Examples 1 to 15, generates oxides such as Al, Mn, Ni, and Si during sliding, and this oxidation This is because it prevents substances from adhering and improves wear resistance. As detailed above, the sliding contact material for brushes according to the present invention has significantly superior wear resistance compared to conventional sliding contact materials for brushes, generates extremely little wear powder, and generates almost no noise. This has the advantage that it is possible to obtain a brush contact having a lower and more stable contact resistance than when using conventional brush sliding contact materials.