JPH0277104A - Nonlinear resistor - Google Patents
Nonlinear resistorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0277104A JPH0277104A JP63229375A JP22937588A JPH0277104A JP H0277104 A JPH0277104 A JP H0277104A JP 63229375 A JP63229375 A JP 63229375A JP 22937588 A JP22937588 A JP 22937588A JP H0277104 A JPH0277104 A JP H0277104A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mol
- 2mol
- resistor
- loss
- nio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 zinc borate compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxocobaltiooxy)cobalt Chemical compound O=[Co]O[Co]=O UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000417 bismuth pentoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
Ａ、産業上の利用分野
本発明は、酸化亜鉛を主成分とし、ギャップレス避雷器
の特性要素などとして用いる非直線抵抗体に関するもの
である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a nonlinear resistor containing zinc oxide as a main component and used as a characteristic element of gapless lightning arresters.
Ｂ１発明の概要
本発明は、酸化亜鉛（ＺｎＯ）を主成分とする非直線抵
抗体において、
リン（Ｐ）を添加成分として用い、その濃度を他の添加
成分を勘案して適量に選定することにより、
損失の減少を図り、特性向上と小形化を可能とするよう
にしたものである。B1 Summary of the Invention The present invention uses phosphorus (P) as an additive component in a non-linear resistor whose main component is zinc oxide (ZnO), and selects an appropriate concentration of phosphorus (P) in consideration of other additive components. This reduces loss, improves characteristics, and enables miniaturization.
Ｃ１従来の技術
電力用のギャップレス避雷器は、酸化亜鉛（ＺｎＯ）素
子に特性要素、直列ギャップなどの機能を持たせており
、これにより、性能の向上や小形化を図っている。C1 Conventional technology A gapless surge arrester for power uses a zinc oxide (ZnO) element with features such as a characteristic element and a series gap, thereby improving performance and reducing size.
Ｄ６発明が解決しようとする課題
この種の避雷器に使用されている非直線抵抗体（ＺｎＯ
素子）には、常時、僅かながら抵抗分電流がながされて
おり、その損失により自己発熱を起こし、温度上昇する
。また、この非直線抵抗体は負の温度係数を有するため
、温度上昇により更に電流が流れ、放熱と発熱が平衡状
態となる温度で安定となる。D6 Problem to be solved by the invention Non-linear resistor (ZnO
A small amount of resistance current is always flowing through the element, and the loss causes self-heating and increases the temperature. Further, since this non-linear resistor has a negative temperature coefficient, current flows further as the temperature rises, and it becomes stable at a temperature where heat radiation and heat generation are in equilibrium.
このような避雷器で連続した開閉サージ、雷等による大
きなエネルギーを短時間で処理した場合、非直線抵抗体
の温度が極端に上昇すると、非直線抵抗体の常規対地電
圧での漏れ電流が大きくなり、避雷器の放熱能力を」二
回った時、連続サージ、雷等は処理できても、その後に
熱暴走と呼ばれる状態となり、短絡事故につながる危険
がｉる。この危険を避けるために常規対地電圧でも漏れ
電流（損失）の小さい非直線抵抗体が求められている。When such a lightning arrester handles large amounts of energy from continuous switching surges, lightning, etc. in a short period of time, if the temperature of the non-linear resistor rises extremely, the leakage current of the non-linear resistor at the normal ground voltage will increase. When the heat dissipation capacity of the lightning arrester is exceeded, even if it can handle continuous surges, lightning, etc., a state called thermal runaway will occur, which can lead to short circuit accidents. In order to avoid this danger, a nonlinear resistor with low leakage current (loss) is required even at a normal ground voltage.
従来、非直線抵抗体の特性は、直流での電流−電圧特性
の
の関係（Ｃ：定数）から非直線指数を求め、特性の指標
にしていた。Conventionally, the characteristics of a nonlinear resistor have been determined by determining a nonlinear index from the relationship (C: constant) of current-voltage characteristics in direct current, and using it as an index of the characteristics.
非直線抵抗体を直流で使用する場合は、このα値で漏れ
電流の評価を行うことができるが、交流で使用する場合
は直流でのα値より極端に少なくなり、直流のように優
劣の判別を的確に行うことができなくなる。これは、交
流の場合は容量性の電流が大きく、小電流域で抵抗分電
流を分離しにくいことも一因となっている。When using a non-linear resistor in direct current, the leakage current can be evaluated using this α value, but when using it in alternating current, the α value is extremely lower than that for direct current, and unlike direct current, the leakage current can be evaluated. It becomes impossible to make accurate judgments. One reason for this is that in the case of alternating current, the capacitive current is large and it is difficult to separate the resistive current in a small current range.
交流用の非直線抵抗体の小電流域特性の評価は、上記理
由と自己発熱が最も重要であり、ワットロス（損失）に
よる評価が最適である。When evaluating the small current range characteristics of an AC nonlinear resistor, the above-mentioned reasons and self-heating are most important, and evaluation based on watt loss is optimal.
ところで、ＺｎＯ非直線抵抗体の小電流域漏れ電流は、
ＺｎＯ結晶粒子間に形成されたショットキー障壁により
制限される。また、ＺｎＯ粒子間の界面には数＋ｏｏＸ
以下のＢｔ濃度の高い層が存在し、それによりポテンシ
ャル・バリアーが形成されると説明されている。By the way, the leakage current in the small current range of the ZnO nonlinear resistor is
It is limited by Schottky barriers formed between ZnO crystal grains. In addition, at the interface between ZnO particles, there is a number +ooX
It is explained that there is a layer with a high concentration of Bt, which forms a potential barrier.
このような微細構造を考えた場合、界面への拡散イオン
種、または粒子中から粒界層へのＺｎ拡散防止等を制御
することにより、非直線特性、課電安定性を改善できる
可能性が推定できる。また、前記各イオン種は、既知の
Ａｌ５Ｌｉ等と同様に極少伝で特性に影響を与える可能
性も十分にあり得る。Considering such a microstructure, it is possible to improve the nonlinear characteristics and charging stability by controlling the ion species diffusing to the interface or preventing Zn diffusion from inside the grain to the grain boundary layer. It can be estimated. Furthermore, it is quite possible that each of the ion species may affect the characteristics in a very small amount, similar to the known Al5Li and the like.
本発明の目的は、損失の減少、小形化及び特性の向上か
図れる非直線抵抗体を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a nonlinear resistor that can reduce loss, be compact, and improve characteristics.
Ｅ９課題を解決するための手段
本発明は、酸化亜鉛を主成分とし、これに添加成分とし
てＢｉｚＯｓを０．２〜２ｍｏｌ％、５ｂｙＯｓを０．
２〜２ｍｏｌ％、Ｍ ｎ Ｏ、を０．１〜２ｍｏｌ％、
Ｇｏ、０．を０．１〜２ｍｏｌ％、ＣｒｘＯ３を０ 、
１〜２ ｍ ｏ １％、ＮｉＯを０．１〜２ｍｏｌ％、
ＳｉＯｘを０．１〜３ｍｏｌ％、ホウケイ酸亜鉛化合物
を０．０２〜０．５ｗｔ％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を０．００１〜
０．０５ｍｏ １％、ＰをＰ−Ｏｓに換算して０．０１
ｍｏｌ％以下の割合で配合して原料粉とし、これを成形
、焼成ｌ−たことを特徴とするものである。E9 Means for Solving the Problems The present invention uses zinc oxide as a main component, and adds 0.2 to 2 mol% of BizOs and 0.2 to 2 mol% of 5byOs as additive components.
2 to 2 mol%, MnO, 0.1 to 2 mol%,
Go, 0. 0.1 to 2 mol%, 0 CrxO3,
1-2 mol%, 0.1-2 mol% NiO,
0.1 to 3 mol% of SiOx, 0.02 to 0.5 wt% of zinc borosilicate compound, 0.001 to 0.001 of Al2O3
0.05mo 1%, P converted to P-Os is 0.01
It is characterized in that it is blended in a ratio of mol % or less to form a raw material powder, which is then molded and fired.
Ｆ１作用
主成分の酸化亜鉛にＢｔ！Ｏｓ、５ｂｘＯｓ、Ｎ ｉ
Ｏ，Ｓ ｉ Ｏｔ、ホウケイ酸亜鉛化合物などと共に適
量のＰが添加成分として加わり、損失が大幅に軽減され
る。この損失の減少により、自己発熱量が少なくなり、
特性が向上するとともに、小形化が可能となる。Bt in zinc oxide, the main component of F1 action! Os, 5bxOs, Ni
An appropriate amount of P is added as an additive component along with O, S i Ot, a zinc borosilicate compound, etc., and losses are significantly reduced. This reduction in losses results in less self-heating and
The characteristics are improved and the size can be reduced.
Ｇ、実施例 以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて詳細に説明する。G. Example Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples.
実施例ｌ
ＺｎＯ粉末に添加成分としてＢｉ２Ｏ５を０．５ｍｏｌ
％、ＣｏｔＯ＊を０．５ｍｏｌ％、Ｍ ｎ Ｏｔを０．
５ｍｏｌ％、Ｃｒ、０３を０．５％、Ｓｂ、０３を１．
０ｍｏｌ％、ＮｉＯを０．５ｍｏｌ％、Ｓｉｎ、を１．
Ｏｍｏｌ％、ホウケイ酸亜鉛化合物（Ｂ ｉ ｙｏｓ３
０％、５ｉＯｚｌＯ％、Ｚｎ０６０％）を０，１５ｗｔ
％、Ａｌ （ＮＯ３）９Ｈ，ＯをＡ１ｔ’３として０．
００５ｍｏｌ％、ＫＨ，ＰＯ。Example 1 0.5 mol of Bi2O5 as an additive component to ZnO powder
%, CotO* 0.5 mol%, M n Ot 0.5 mol%.
5 mol%, 0.5% of Cr, 03, 1.5% of Sb, 03.
0 mol%, NiO 0.5 mol%, Sin, 1.
Omol%, zinc borosilicate compound (B i yos3
0%, 5iOzlO%, Zn060%) to 0.15wt
%, Al(NO3)9H,0 as A1t'3.
005 mol%, KH, PO.
水溶液をＰ２Ｏ３として０〜０，１ｍｏｌ％加え、十分
混合した後、８００〜１ｏｏｏ℃で数時間仮焼した。次
いで、十分に粉砕し、ＰＶＡ （ポリビニルアルコール
）をバインダーとして造粒した。0 to 0.1 mol% of an aqueous solution as P2O3 was added, thoroughly mixed, and then calcined at 800 to 100°C for several hours. Next, the mixture was thoroughly ground and granulated using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) as a binder.
この造粒粉を直径４０ｍｍの金型で円板状に成形し、空
気中ｌ０５０〜１３００℃、２時間の焼成を行った。This granulated powder was molded into a disc shape using a mold with a diameter of 40 mm, and fired in air at 1050 to 1300°C for 2 hours.
この焼結体を厚さ１ｍｍに研摩し、その両面に電極を焼
付けて電気特性を測定した。This sintered body was ground to a thickness of 1 mm, electrodes were baked on both sides, and the electrical properties were measured.
第１図はリン添加量を変えた時のｖ ＋ ｒｎ Ａ （
１ｍＡの電流を流した時の電圧）及び５０℃においてＶ
＋ ｍ Ａの８０％の電圧を印加した時の損失（ワッ
トロス）の変化を示すものである。Figure 1 shows v + rn A (
voltage when a current of 1 mA flows) and V at 50°C
It shows the change in loss (watt loss) when a voltage of 80% of +mA is applied.
この図から分かるようにリンの添加量がＯ〜０゜００５
ｍｏｌ％の間で損失が少なく、特性が最も良好となる。As can be seen from this figure, the amount of phosphorus added is O~0°005
The loss is small between mol% and the properties are the best.
また、Ｂｉｔ’ｓが０ 、１〜２ 、 Ｏｍ 。Also, Bit's is 0, 1-2, Om.
１％、Ｃｏｚｙ、が０．１〜２．０ｍｏｌ％、Ｍ ｎ
Ｏ、が０．１〜２．０ｍｏｌ％、Ｃｒｙ’ｓが０゜１〜
２．０ｍｏｌ％、５ｂ２Ｏ３が０ 、１〜２ 、０ ｍ
０１％、ＮｉＯが０．１〜２．０ｍｏｌ％、Ｓｉｎ、が
０ 、１〜３ ｍ ｏ １％、ホウケイ酸亜鉛化合物が
０．０２〜０．５ｗｔ％、ＡＩｔｏｓが０．００１〜０
．０２ｍｏｌ％の範囲では第１図と同様の損失の傾向を
示した。1%, Cozy, 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, M n
O, is 0.1-2.0 mol%, Cry's is 0°1-2.0 mol%
2.0 mol%, 5b2O3 is 0, 1-2, 0 m
01%, NiO 0.1-2.0 mol%, Sin 0,1-3 mol%, borosilicate zinc compound 0.02-0.5 wt%, AItos 0.001-0
．． In the range of 0.02 mol%, the loss trend was similar to that shown in FIG.
なお、上記実施例できＫＨ，ＰＯ，の水溶液を用いたが
、他の無機リン酸塩や有機リン酸塩でも同様な効果があ
る。In the above embodiments, aqueous solutions of KH and PO were used, but other inorganic phosphates and organic phosphates can have similar effects.
Ｈ１発明の効果
以上のように本発明によれば、主成分の酸化亜鉛（Ｚｎ
Ｏ）に添加成分の一つとしてリン（Ｐ）を加え、その濃
度を他の添加成分を勘案して選定したので、損失を極力
減少させることができるようになり、特性の向上と小形
化が図れる。H1 Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, zinc oxide (Zn
Phosphorus (P) was added as one of the additive components to O), and its concentration was selected taking other additive components into consideration, making it possible to reduce losses as much as possible, improving properties and making the product more compact. I can figure it out.
第１図は本発明に係る非直線抵抗体の一実施例のリン添
加量とＶ＋ｍＡｓ損失との関係を示す特性曲線図である
。FIG. 1 is a characteristic curve diagram showing the relationship between the amount of phosphorus added and the V+mAs loss of an embodiment of the nonlinear resistor according to the present invention.
Claims (1)
を０．２〜２ｍｏｌ％、ＭｎＯ＿２を０．１〜２ｍｏｌ
％、Ｃｏ＿２Ｏ＿３を０．１〜２ｍｏｌ％、Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ
＿３を０．１〜２ｍｏｌ％、ＮｉＯを０．１〜２ｍｏｌ
％、ＳｉＯ＿２を０．１〜３ｍｏｌ％、ホウケイ酸亜鉛
化合物を０．０２〜０．５ｗｔ％、Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３を０
．００１〜０．０５ｍｏｌ％、ＰをＰ＿２Ｏ＿５に換算
して０．０１ｍｏｌ％以下の割合で配合して原料粉とし
、これを成形、焼成したことを特徴とする非直線抵抗体
。(1) 0.2 to 2 mol% of Bi_2O_3 and Sb_2O_3 as an additive component to the main component zinc oxide
0.2-2 mol%, MnO_2 0.1-2 mol
%, 0.1 to 2 mol% of Co_2O_3, Cr_2O
_3 0.1-2 mol%, NiO 0.1-2 mol
%, SiO_2 0.1-3 mol%, borosilicate zinc compound 0.02-0.5 wt%, Al_2O_3 0
．． 001 to 0.05 mol%, P is blended in a ratio of 0.01 mol% or less in terms of P_2O_5 to form a raw material powder, which is then molded and fired.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63229375A JPH0277104A (en) | 1988-09-13 | 1988-09-13 | Nonlinear resistor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63229375A JPH0277104A (en) | 1988-09-13 | 1988-09-13 | Nonlinear resistor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0277104A true JPH0277104A (en) | 1990-03-16 |
Family
ID=16891188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63229375A Pending JPH0277104A (en) | 1988-09-13 | 1988-09-13 | Nonlinear resistor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0277104A (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-09-13 JP JP63229375A patent/JPH0277104A/en active Pending
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