JPH027853A - Manufacturing method of rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of rotor for permanent magnet rotating machineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH027853A JPH027853A JP15415488A JP15415488A JPH027853A JP H027853 A JPH027853 A JP H027853A JP 15415488 A JP15415488 A JP 15415488A JP 15415488 A JP15415488 A JP 15415488A JP H027853 A JPH027853 A JP H027853A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- rotor
- rotating machine
- manufacturing
- magnet rotating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001047 Hard ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000583 Nd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、永久磁石回転機のロータ用永久磁石の製造方
法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet for a rotor of a permanent magnet rotating machine.
［従来の技術］
永久磁石回転機は、ステッピングモータやＤＣモータな
どがあり、世の中で広く使用されている。[Prior Art] Permanent magnet rotating machines include stepping motors and DC motors, and are widely used in the world.
これらのモータ用の永久磁石には、フエライ系や希土類
系であるＳｍ−Ｃｏ系やＮｄ系の焼結磁石やボンド磁石
が使用されていた。As permanent magnets for these motors, sintered magnets or bonded magnets of Sm--Co or Nd, which are ferrite-based or rare earth-based, have been used.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
しかし、前述のような従来技術では、フェライト永久磁
石では、磁化力が弱く高トルク化もしくは小型化には向
かない。一方、磁化力の大きい希土類永久磁石を使用す
れば、その優れた磁気性能により高トルク化や小型化も
可能になるが高価である。また、偏平型のモータに使用
する板厚の薄い永久磁石では割れ、欠けなどが発生し易
ため、性能の低下や歩留まりの低下によるコストアップ
になるという欠点を有していた。また、その中でも焼結
永久磁石では、高価な設備が必要なばかりか、鋳造した
磁石インゴットを粉砕し微粉末にしてから成形、焼結す
るなど工程が複雑であり高価であるという問題を有して
いた。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the prior art as described above, ferrite permanent magnets have weak magnetizing force and are not suitable for high torque or miniaturization. On the other hand, if rare earth permanent magnets with large magnetizing power are used, high torque and miniaturization are possible due to their excellent magnetic performance, but they are expensive. In addition, thin permanent magnets used in flat type motors are susceptible to cracking and chipping, resulting in lower performance and lower yields, resulting in higher costs. Among these, sintered permanent magnets not only require expensive equipment, but also have the problem of being complicated and expensive, as they involve crushing a cast magnet ingot into fine powder, forming it, and sintering it. was.
そこで本発明は以上のような欠点を解決するものであり
その目的とするところは、板厚が薄くなっても割れ、欠
けなどが発生がないばかりか、安価で生産性に優れた永
久磁石回転機のロータ用永久磁石の製造方法を提供する
ところにある。Therefore, the present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is to create a permanent magnet rotating system that not only does not cause cracks or chips even when the plate thickness becomes thinner, but also is inexpensive and highly productive. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet for a machine rotor.
［課題を解決するための手段］
本発明の、永久磁石回転機のロータ用永久磁石は、原料
を溶解、鋳造し、次いで鋳造インゴットを熱間加工によ
り回転軸方向に異方化し、次いで所定形状に切断、研削
後に熱処理により磁気的に硬化させた永久磁石を用いた
ことを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] The permanent magnet for a rotor of a permanent magnet rotating machine of the present invention melts and casts raw materials, then hot-works the cast ingot to make it anisotropic in the direction of the rotation axis, and then forms it into a predetermined shape. It is characterized by the use of permanent magnets that are magnetically hardened by heat treatment after cutting and grinding.
また、永久磁石は、Ｒ（ただしＲはＹを含む希土類元素
のうち少なくとも１種）、Ｍ（ただし遷移金属元素のう
ち少なくとも１種）、及びＸ（ただしＩＩＩ ｂ族元素
のうち少なくとも１種）を基本成分としたことを特徴と
する。In addition, the permanent magnet is made of R (where R is at least one rare earth element including Y), M (at least one transition metal element), and X (at least one group III b element). It is characterized by having as a basic ingredient.
［作用］
本発明に於ける熱間加工とは冷間加工に対する概念であ
り、塑性加工によって生じる加工歪の大半を加工中に取
り除きながら加工する高温での塑性加工を指す。したが
って、熱間加工中には加工による結晶の微細化と再結晶
による配向、及びそれに続く結晶粒の成長もおこり、こ
れらの現象も熱間加工には含まれることは明かである。[Function] Hot working in the present invention is a concept with respect to cold working, and refers to plastic working at high temperatures in which most of the working strain caused by plastic working is removed during working. Therefore, during hot working, refinement of crystals due to working, orientation due to recrystallization, and subsequent growth of crystal grains also occur, and it is clear that these phenomena are also included in hot working.
熱間加工における温度は再結晶温度以上が望ましく、本
発明におけるＲ −Ｍ−Ｘ系合金に於いては５００℃以
上が望ましい。The temperature during hot working is preferably at least the recrystallization temperature, and for the R-M-X alloy in the present invention, is preferably at least 500°C.
また、熱間加工として、第４図及び第５図に示すような
、スタンプ及び圧延加工を行なうことにより、加圧方向
に対して平行に磁化容易方向が揃い、異方化される。第
４図はスタンプを示す図であり、３０１は磁石合金、３
０２は磁化容易方向、３０３はスタンプ、３０４は磁石
合金を支える基板である。第４図は圧延加工を示す図で
あり、４０５は圧延ロールである。Furthermore, by performing stamping and rolling as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 as hot working, the direction of easy magnetization is aligned parallel to the pressing direction and anisotropy is achieved. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the stamp, 301 is a magnetic alloy, 3
02 is a direction of easy magnetization, 303 is a stamp, and 304 is a substrate that supports the magnet alloy. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing rolling processing, and 405 is a rolling roll.
以下、本発明による永久磁石の好ましい組成範囲につい
て説明する。希土類元素としては、Ｙ、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐ
ｒ、Ｎｄ、ＳｍＳ Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、 Ｄｙ、
Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｌｕが候補として挙げられ、
これらの内１種類、あるいは２種類以上を組み合わせて
用いられる。最も高い磁気特性はＰｒで得られる。従っ
て実用的には、Ｐｒ、Ｐｒ−Ｎｄ、Ｃｅ−Ｐｒ−Ｎｄ合
金等が用いられる。遷移金属元素としてはＦｅ、Ｃｏ、
Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、等が候補として挙げられ、これらの内１種
類、あるいは２種類以上を組み合わせて用いられる。ｎ
ｌｂ族元素としてはＥ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｇａ等が候
補として挙げられこれらの内１種類、あるいは２種類以
上を組み合わせて用いられる。The preferred composition range of the permanent magnet according to the present invention will be explained below. Rare earth elements include Y, La, Ce, and P.
r, Nd, SmS Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy,
Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu are listed as candidates,
One or a combination of two or more of these may be used. The highest magnetic properties are obtained with Pr. Practically, therefore, Pr, Pr-Nd, Ce-Pr-Nd alloys, etc. are used. Transition metal elements include Fe, Co,
Candidates include Ni, Cu, etc., and one or a combination of two or more of these may be used. n
Candidates for the lb group elements include E, Al, Si, Mo, Ga, etc., and one or a combination of two or more of these may be used.
Ａ１、Ｓｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｇａ等は保磁力の向上に有効である
。A1, Si, Mo, Ga, etc. are effective in improving coercive force.
Ｒ−Ｍ−Ｘ系永久磁石は、原子％で８〜２５％のＲ１７
３〜８１のＭ、及び４〜７のＸを基本成分とする。主相
はＲ２Ｍ ＋ ４Ｂ化合物相である。従ってＲが８原子
％未満ではもはや上記化合物を形成せず、高い磁気性能
は得られない。一方、Ｒが３０原子％を越えると非磁性
のＲリッチ相が多くなり磁気特性は著しく低下する。従
ってＲの範囲は８〜３０原子％が適当である。しかし、
鋳造磁石とするため、好ましくは８〜２５原子％が適当
である。R-M-X permanent magnets contain 8 to 25% R17 in atomic percent.
The basic components are M of 3 to 81 and X of 4 to 7. The main phase is the R2M + 4B compound phase. Therefore, if R is less than 8 at %, the above-mentioned compound is no longer formed and high magnetic performance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when R exceeds 30 atomic %, the nonmagnetic R-rich phase increases and the magnetic properties deteriorate significantly. Therefore, the appropriate range for R is 8 to 30 atomic %. but,
In order to form a cast magnet, it is preferably 8 to 25 atomic %.
ＢはＲ２Ｔ Ｍ ＋ ａ Ｂ化合物相を形成するための
必須元素であり、２原子％以下では菱面体のＲ−Ｍ系に
なるために高い保磁力は望めない。また、２８原子％を
越えるとＢを含む非磁性相が多くなり、残留磁束密度は
著しく低下してくる。しかし、鋳造磁石としては好まし
くはＢは８原子％以下がよく、それ以上では特殊な冷却
を施さない限り微細なＲ２ＴＭ１ｘＢ化合物相を得るこ
とが出来ず、適切な保磁力が得られない。B is an essential element for forming the R2T M + a B compound phase, and if it is less than 2 atomic %, it becomes a rhombohedral RM system, so a high coercive force cannot be expected. Moreover, if it exceeds 28 at %, the amount of non-magnetic phase containing B increases, and the residual magnetic flux density decreases significantly. However, for cast magnets, B is preferably 8 atomic % or less; if it exceeds this, a fine R2TM1xB compound phase cannot be obtained unless special cooling is performed, and an appropriate coercive force cannot be obtained.
Ａ１、Ｇａ等は保磁力増大の効果を示す。しかしながら
、ＡｌやＧａは非磁性元素であるため、その添加量を増
すと残留磁束密度が低下し、Ａ１では１５原子％を越え
ると、Ｇａでは６原子％を越えるとハードフェライト以
下の残留磁束密度になってしまうので希土類磁石として
の目的を果たし得ない。よってＡＩの添加量は１５原子
％以下、Ｇａは６原子％以下がよい。A1, Ga, etc. exhibit the effect of increasing coercive force. However, since Al and Ga are non-magnetic elements, the residual magnetic flux density decreases when the amount added is increased, and when the amount exceeds 15 at.% for A1 and 6 at.% for Ga, the residual magnetic flux density falls below hard ferrite. Therefore, it cannot fulfill its purpose as a rare earth magnet. Therefore, the amount of addition of AI is preferably 15 atomic % or less, and the amount of Ga is 6 atomic % or less.
［実施例］ 以下本発明を実施例にもとずき詳細に説明する。[Example] The present invention will be explained in detail below based on examples.
表−１に本実施例の永久磁石合金の組成を示す。Table 1 shows the composition of the permanent magnet alloy of this example.
て溶解し鋳型に鋳込み冷却した。次いで鋳造インゴット
を純鉄製のシースで覆い１０００℃において８０％の加
工率で熱間圧延加工を行ない、その後所定形状に切断、
研削し第１図、及び第２図に示す本発明の軸方向に異方
化された永久磁石回転機用ロータ永久磁石を得た。その
後１０００℃で２４時間の熱処理を行ない磁気的に硬化
させた。The mixture was melted, poured into a mold, and cooled. Next, the cast ingot was covered with a sheath made of pure iron and hot-rolled at 1000°C with a processing rate of 80%, and then cut into a predetermined shape.
By grinding, a rotor permanent magnet for a permanent magnet rotating machine which was anisotropic in the axial direction of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was obtained. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 1000° C. for 24 hours to magnetically harden the material.
得られた永久磁石の性能を表−２に示す。Table 2 shows the performance of the obtained permanent magnet.
希土類元素からはＰｒ、遷移金属元素からはＦｅ、Ｃｕ
、ｌ１ｌｂ族元素からはＢ、Ａｌ、Ｇａを第１表に示す
組成の割合に各々秤量し、高周波溶解炉に第１図に示す
ような大変板厚の薄いロータ用永久磁石を本発明の製造
方法と、従来のＮｄ−Ｆｅ−Ｂ系焼結について製作し、
ディスクロータ型ステッピングモータに組立を行い、組
立時及び動作時の割れや欠けの発生率を求めた結果を第
３表に示す。なお動作時の発生率は、５００時間駆動し
た後の値である。Pr from rare earth elements, Fe and Cu from transition metal elements
, from the l1lb group elements, B, Al, and Ga were weighed in the composition ratios shown in Table 1, and a permanent magnet for a rotor with a very thin plate thickness as shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured in a high-frequency melting furnace according to the present invention. method and conventional Nd-Fe-B sintering,
Table 3 shows the results of assembling a disc rotor type stepping motor and determining the incidence of cracks and chips during assembly and operation. Note that the occurrence rate during operation is the value after driving for 500 hours.
て、従来のロータ用永久磁石は、組立時及び動作時にお
いても割れや欠けが発生し易いため、作業効率が低く生
産性に劣るばかりか、製品の信頼性も低いのに対し、本
発明のロータ用永久磁石は、割れや欠けが無く作業効率
が高く生産性に優れ、また、製品の信頼性も高いことが
確認できた。Therefore, conventional permanent magnets for rotors are prone to cracking and chipping during assembly and operation, resulting in low work efficiency and poor productivity, as well as low product reliability. It was confirmed that the permanent magnets for rotors are free from cracks and chips, have high work efficiency, are excellent in productivity, and are highly reliable.
以上述べてきた以外にも、本発明のロータ用永久磁石は
例えば偏平型ＤＣモータにもその有位性は有するもので
ある。In addition to what has been described above, the rotor permanent magnet of the present invention is also applicable to, for example, flat type DC motors.
尚、第３図に本発明の、永久磁石回転機のロータ用永久
磁石の製造工程を示す。Incidentally, FIG. 3 shows the manufacturing process of a permanent magnet for a rotor of a permanent magnet rotating machine according to the present invention.
本発明の製造方法で製造されたロータ用永久磁石は、割
れや欠けの発生がほとんど無いのに対し［発明の効果コ
以上述べてきたように本発明によれば、永久磁石回転機
のロータ用永久磁石において、鋳造インゴットを熱間加
工により製造することにより、組立時に、割れや欠は等
が無く生産性に優れる。また鋳造磁石は、磁気性能も優
れ永久磁石回転機の小型化や高トルク化に多いに寄与で
き省力化、高性能化が可能となる。またそればかりか、
簡素な製造工程により低価格であるという効果を有する
。Permanent magnets for rotors manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention have almost no occurrence of cracks or chips. In permanent magnets, by manufacturing cast ingots through hot working, there is no cracking or chipping during assembly, resulting in excellent productivity. In addition, cast magnets have excellent magnetic performance and can greatly contribute to downsizing and increasing torque of permanent magnet rotating machines, making it possible to save labor and improve performance. Not only that, but
It has the advantage of being low cost due to the simple manufacturing process.
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は、本発明の製造方法で製造された薄板の永久磁
石回転機のロータ用永久磁石の斜視図、第２図は、同じ
く本発明の製造方法で製造されたやや厚板の永久磁石回
転機のロータ用永久磁石の斜視図、第３図は、本発明の
製造工程図、第４図は、スタンプの説明図、第５図は、
圧延の説明図。
磁石合金
磁化容易方向
スタンプ
基板
ロール
以上
出願人 セイコーエプソン株式会社
代理人 弁理士 銘木 喜三部 化１名第３図
第２図
第４図
第５図[Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet for a rotor of a thin plate permanent magnet rotating machine manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet for a rotor of a thin plate permanent magnet rotating machine manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention. A perspective view of a permanent magnet for a rotor of a permanent magnet rotating machine made of a thick plate, FIG. 3 is a manufacturing process diagram of the present invention, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a stamp, and FIG.
An explanatory diagram of rolling. Magnet Alloy Magnetization Easy Direction Stamp Substrate Roll Above Applicant Seiko Epson Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Kisanbe Meiki 1 person Figure 3 Figure 2 Figure 4 Figure 5
Claims (2)
料を溶解、鋳造し、次いで鋳造インゴットを熱間加工に
より回転軸方向に異方化し、次いで所定形状に切断、研
削後に熱処理により磁気的に硬化させた永久磁石を用い
たことを特徴とする永久磁石回転機用ロータの製造方法
。(1) In the permanent magnet for the rotor of a permanent magnet rotating machine, raw materials are melted and cast, then the cast ingot is anisotropically formed in the direction of the rotational axis by hot working, then cut into a predetermined shape, and then magnetically processed by heat treatment after grinding. A method for manufacturing a rotor for a permanent magnet rotating machine, characterized in that a hardened permanent magnet is used.
元素のうち少なくとも１種）、Ｍ（ただし遷移金属元素
のうち少なくとも１種）、及びＸ（ただしIIIｂ族元素
のうち少なくとも１種）を基本成分としたことを特徴と
する請求項１記載の永久磁石回転機用ロータの製造方法
。(2) The permanent magnet contains R (where R is at least one rare earth element including Y), M (at least one transition metal element), and X (at least one group IIIb element). ) as a basic component. 2. The method for manufacturing a rotor for a permanent magnet rotating machine according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15415488A JPH027853A (en) | 1988-06-22 | 1988-06-22 | Manufacturing method of rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15415488A JPH027853A (en) | 1988-06-22 | 1988-06-22 | Manufacturing method of rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH027853A true JPH027853A (en) | 1990-01-11 |
Family
ID=15578030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15415488A Pending JPH027853A (en) | 1988-06-22 | 1988-06-22 | Manufacturing method of rotor for permanent magnet rotating machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH027853A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002260565A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-13 | Noritake Itron Corp | Fluorescent character display device |
-
1988
- 1988-06-22 JP JP15415488A patent/JPH027853A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002260565A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-13 | Noritake Itron Corp | Fluorescent character display device |
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