JPH0285580A - Relief valve - Google Patents
Relief valveInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0285580A JPH0285580A JP63236772A JP23677288A JPH0285580A JP H0285580 A JPH0285580 A JP H0285580A JP 63236772 A JP63236772 A JP 63236772A JP 23677288 A JP23677288 A JP 23677288A JP H0285580 A JPH0285580 A JP H0285580A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- fluid
- refrigerant
- valve body
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Safety Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、例えば、凝縮器と室内ユニットとの間でフロ
ン等の冷媒を循環させるヒートバイブを構成して冷房を
行なう冷房設備や、蒸発器と室内ユ斗ットとの間で冷媒
を循環させるヒートバイブを構成して暖房を行なう暖房
設備等において用いられる逃し弁に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is applicable to, for example, cooling equipment that performs cooling by configuring a heat vibrator that circulates a refrigerant such as fluorocarbon between a condenser and an indoor unit, and The present invention relates to a relief valve used in heating equipment that performs heating by forming a heat vibrator that circulates refrigerant between a container and an indoor unit.
例えば、前記の冷房設備や暖房設備では、ヒートバイブ
を構成する冷媒配管のジヨイント部でのシール不良や冷
媒配管に亀裂が生じること等によって冷媒の漏出が生じ
た場合、それが多量であると、冷媒自体には毒性がない
ものの、冷媒ガスの室内での濃度が高くなることによっ
て、酸欠事故を起すおそれがある。そこで、−般には、
冷媒の漏出が生じた場合、冷媒配管内の冷媒を建物外(
大気)に放出することにより、冷媒ガスの室内への漏出
量を少なくする手段が採られる。For example, in the above-mentioned cooling equipment and heating equipment, if refrigerant leaks due to a seal failure at the joint part of the refrigerant piping that makes up the heat vibrator or cracks in the refrigerant piping, etc., if the refrigerant leaks in a large amount, Although the refrigerant itself is not toxic, the high concentration of refrigerant gas indoors may cause an oxygen deficiency accident. Therefore, in general,
If a refrigerant leak occurs, remove the refrigerant in the refrigerant piping outside the building (
By releasing the refrigerant gas into the atmosphere, a method is taken to reduce the amount of refrigerant gas leaking into the room.
そして、大気に冷媒を放出する逃し弁として、従来では
、冷媒配管内の冷媒の圧力を検出する圧力センサが常圧
よりも低い設定圧を検出することに基づいて、冷媒配管
を大気に自動開放する電磁式のものが知られている。Conventionally, the refrigerant pipe is automatically released to the atmosphere as a relief valve to release the refrigerant to the atmosphere based on a pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe detecting a set pressure lower than normal pressure. An electromagnetic type is known.
ところが、前記従来の電磁式の逃し弁によるときは、断
線や電気回路の故障、停電等、開閉作動する機械要素以
外でのトラブルが生じ易いため、十分な信頼性を得るこ
とがむずかしかった。However, when using the conventional electromagnetic type relief valve, it is difficult to obtain sufficient reliability because troubles such as wire breakage, electrical circuit failure, power outage, etc., are likely to occur in areas other than the mechanical elements that open and close the valve.
本発明の目的は、冷媒配管等、流体輸送管の内圧が設定
圧よりも低下したときにその流体輸送管内の流体を外部
に放出する逃し作用の信頼性を十分なものとできる逃し
弁を提供する点にある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a relief valve that can provide a sufficiently reliable relief function for releasing fluid in a fluid transport pipe to the outside when the internal pressure of the fluid transport pipe, such as a refrigerant pipe, falls below a set pressure. It is in the point of doing.
本発明による逃し弁の特徴構成は、 流体輸送管に接続
するための接続口と流体放出口とを備えた弁箱を設け、
その弁箱内に前記流体放出口を開閉自在な弁体を設け、
前記弁体を開放側に移動付勢する付勢手段と、その付勢
手段による付勢力に抗して前記弁体を閉塞位置に移動操
作するための操作手段と、前記弁箱内の設定以上の流体
圧を駆動力として前記弁体を前記付勢手段による付勢力
に抗して閉塞位置に保持する保持手段とを設けてある点
にある。The characteristic configuration of the relief valve according to the present invention is that a valve box is provided with a connection port for connecting to a fluid transport pipe and a fluid discharge port,
A valve body that can freely open and close the fluid discharge port is provided in the valve box,
a biasing means for biasing the valve body toward the open side; an operating means for moving the valve body to a closed position against the biasing force of the biasing means; holding means for holding the valve body in the closed position against the urging force of the urging means using the fluid pressure as a driving force.
流体輸送管に接続する弁箱内の流体圧が設定以上のとき
は、保持手段によりその設定以上の流体圧を駆動力とし
て弁体が閉塞位置に保持されて、流体放出口が閉塞保持
され、その弁箱内から流体放出口を介して流体が放出さ
れることが防止される。他方、前記弁箱内の流体圧が設
定以下に低下したときには、その流体圧の低下により保
持手段による保持力が付勢手段による付勢力よりも小と
なって弁体が開放移動して、流体放出口が開放し、その
弁箱内から流体放出口を介して流体が放出される。従っ
て、流体輸送管内の正常時の流体圧および漏出が生じる
ことによる流体圧の低下具合等に基づいて、付勢手段に
よる付勢力を設定することにより、流体輸送管に漏出が
生じた場合、その流体輸送管内の流体外部に放出できる
。When the fluid pressure in the valve box connected to the fluid transport pipe is higher than a set value, the holding means uses the fluid pressure higher than the set level as a driving force to hold the valve body in a closed position, and the fluid discharge port is held closed. Fluid is prevented from being discharged from within the valve box through the fluid discharge port. On the other hand, when the fluid pressure in the valve box drops below the set level, the holding force of the holding means becomes smaller than the urging force of the urging means due to the drop in fluid pressure, and the valve body moves to open and the fluid The discharge port opens and fluid is discharged from within the valve box through the fluid discharge port. Therefore, by setting the biasing force of the biasing means based on the normal fluid pressure in the fluid transport pipe and the degree of decrease in fluid pressure due to leakage, it is possible to prevent leakage from occurring in the fluid transport pipe. The fluid inside the fluid transport pipe can be released to the outside.
上記のように、流体輸送管からの流体の漏出によって、
低下する流体輸送管内の流体圧と付勢手段による付勢力
とを駆動力として、弁体の閉保持および開放を行ない、
かつ、操作手段によって弁体の付勢力に抗した閉塞位置
への移動を行なうため、弁体の駆動およびその駆動制御
において、ソレノイド等のアクチュエータやそれの制御
回路が不要である。As mentioned above, leakage of fluid from fluid transport pipes can cause
The valve body is held closed and opened using the decreasing fluid pressure in the fluid transport pipe and the biasing force of the biasing means as a driving force,
Further, since the valve body is moved to the closed position against the biasing force by the operating means, an actuator such as a solenoid and its control circuit are not required for driving and controlling the valve body.
従って、本発明は、機械要素のみから構成することがで
きて、流体輸送管に漏出が生じた場合にその流体輸送管
内の流体を外部に逃がすことができる機能に信頼性のあ
る逃し弁を提供できるようになった。Therefore, the present invention provides a relief valve that can be constructed only from mechanical elements and has a reliable function that allows fluid in the fluid transport pipe to escape to the outside when a leak occurs in the fluid transport pipe. I can now do it.
次に本発明の実施例を示す。 Next, examples of the present invention will be shown.
第2図に示すように、建物の上階(最上階や屋上階等)
に、氷蓄熱槽(1)と、その氷蓄熱槽(1)の蓄熱冷熱
を用いて冷媒ガスを液化させる凝縮器(2)とを配設し
、建物の下階(最下階や床下ビット等)に、温水蓄熱槽
(3)と、その温水蓄熱槽(3)の蓄熱温熱を用いて冷
媒液を液化させる蒸発器(4)とを配設し、建物の空調
対象箇所に、冷媒液をガス化させることにより空調用空
気を冷却する冷房用熱交換器(5)と冷媒液を液化させ
ることにより空調用空気を加熱する暖房用熱交換器(6
)とを配管し、前記凝縮器(2)と冷房用熱交換器(5
)との間で冷媒を自然循環させるループ型のヒートバイ
ブ(7)と、前記蒸発器(4)と暖房用熱交換器(6)
との間で冷媒を自然循環させるループ型の暖房用のヒー
トパイプ(8)とを設けて空調設備を構成する。As shown in Figure 2, the upper floors of buildings (top floors, rooftop floors, etc.)
An ice heat storage tank (1) and a condenser (2) that liquefies refrigerant gas using the stored cold heat of the ice heat storage tank (1) are installed, and etc.) is equipped with a hot water heat storage tank (3) and an evaporator (4) that liquefies the refrigerant liquid using the heat stored in the hot water heat storage tank (3). A cooling heat exchanger (5) that cools the conditioning air by gasifying it; and a heating heat exchanger (6) that heats the conditioning air by liquefying the refrigerant liquid.
), and the condenser (2) and the cooling heat exchanger (5
) a loop-type heat vibrator (7) that naturally circulates refrigerant between the evaporator (4) and a heating heat exchanger (6).
An air conditioning system is constructed by providing a loop-type heating heat pipe (8) that naturally circulates a refrigerant between the air conditioner and the air conditioner.
前記冷房用熱交換器(5)および暖房用熱交換器(6)
は、室内ユニット(9)として組込まれている。なお、
(10)は受液器であり、(11)は、蓄熱用の製氷機
で、その排熱は前記温水蓄熱槽(3)の熱源として利用
されている。The cooling heat exchanger (5) and the heating heat exchanger (6)
is incorporated as an indoor unit (9). In addition,
(10) is a liquid receiver, and (11) is an ice maker for heat storage, the exhaust heat of which is used as a heat source for the hot water heat storage tank (3).
前記ヒートバイブ(7)、(8)を構成するための冷媒
配管(12)の複数箇所夫々には、それら冷媒配管(1
2)の内圧が常圧よりも低い設定圧以下に低下すること
で自動開放して、冷媒を大気(建物外)に逃す逃し弁(
13)が分岐管(14)を介して分岐接続されている。A plurality of refrigerant pipes (12) for configuring the heat vibes (7), (8) are each provided with a plurality of refrigerant pipes (12).
2) A relief valve that automatically opens when the internal pressure drops below a set pressure that is lower than normal pressure and releases the refrigerant to the atmosphere (outside the building).
13) are branched and connected via a branch pipe (14).
前記常圧および設定圧の具体数値例を挙げると、常圧が
10kg/Cn!、設定圧が8kg/Crlである。To give a specific numerical example of the normal pressure and set pressure, the normal pressure is 10 kg/Cn! , the set pressure is 8 kg/Crl.
前記逃し弁(13)は、第1図に示すように、前記分岐
管(14)に接続するための接続口(13a) と上
方に向かって開放する冷媒放出口(13b) とを備
えた弁箱(13A)を設け、その弁箱(13A)内に、
前記冷媒放出口(13b)を上下移動により開閉する弁
体(13B)を設け、付勢手段と、操作手段と、保持手
段と、弁(15)と、作動確認用の弁(16)とを設け
て構成されている。As shown in FIG. 1, the relief valve (13) is a valve equipped with a connection port (13a) for connecting to the branch pipe (14) and a refrigerant discharge port (13b) that opens upward. A box (13A) is provided, and inside the valve box (13A),
A valve body (13B) is provided which opens and closes the refrigerant discharge port (13b) by vertical movement, and includes a biasing means, an operating means, a holding means, a valve (15), and a valve (16) for confirming operation. It is set up and configured.
前記弁箱(13A)および弁体(13B)のシート(1
7A)、 (17B)のうち、弁体(13B)側のシー
ト(17B>は、テフロンから構成されている。Seat (1) of the valve box (13A) and valve body (13B)
7A) and (17B), the seat (17B> on the valve body (13B) side) is made of Teflon.
前記付勢手段は、前記弁体(13B)の荷重とスプリン
グ(18)の弾性力とによって、前記弁体(13B)を
開放側、つまり、下側に付勢する手段、である。The biasing means is a means for biasing the valve body (13B) toward the open side, that is, downward, by the load of the valve body (13B) and the elastic force of the spring (18).
前記操作手段は、前記付勢手段による付勢力に抗して前
記弁体(13B)を閉塞位置に移動操作するための手段
であり、具体的には、前記弁箱(13A)の底部を上下
に摺動自在に貫通し、上手投に摺動することにより前記
弁体(13B)を閉塞位置に押上げるロッド(19)で
ある。The operating means is a means for moving the valve body (13B) to the closed position against the urging force of the urging means, and specifically moves the bottom of the valve box (13A) up and down. The rod (19) is a rod (19) that slidably passes through the valve body and pushes the valve body (13B) up to the closed position by sliding upwardly.
前記保持手段は、前記弁箱(13A)内の設定以上の冷
媒圧を駆動力として前記弁体(13B)を前記付勢手段
による付勢力に抗して閉塞位置に保持する手段である。The holding means is a means for holding the valve body (13B) in the closed position against the urging force of the urging means using a refrigerant pressure in the valve box (13A) that is higher than a set value as a driving force.
具体的には、前記弁体(13B)の下面に、弁箱(13
A)内の流体圧を受けることにより、その流体圧が設定
以上のときのみ、前記付勢手段による付勢力よりも大な
る上方への移動力を発生する受圧面(20)を形成して
構成しである。Specifically, on the lower surface of the valve body (13B), the valve box (13
A) is configured by forming a pressure-receiving surface (20) that generates an upward moving force greater than the urging force of the urging means only when the fluid pressure in A) is higher than the setting. It is.
前記弁(15)は、前記弁箱(13A)の接続口(13
a)を開閉するためのものである。The valve (15) is connected to the connection port (13) of the valve box (13A).
a) for opening and closing.
前記作動確認用の弁(16)は、前記弁箱(13A)内
を外部に連通・遮断するためのものであって、弁箱(1
3A)に取付けられている。The operation confirmation valve (16) is for communicating and shutting off the inside of the valve box (13A) to the outside, and
3A).
もって、逃し弁(13)は、冷媒配管(12)内の冷媒
圧力が設定以上となるまで、ロッド(19)を用いて弁
体(13B)を閉塞位置に保持しておくことにより、冷
媒配管(12)内への冷媒充填において冷媒放出口(1
3b)から冷媒が不用意に漏出することを防止し、冷媒
圧力が設定以上となった後は、その冷媒圧力を用いて冷
媒放出口(13b)を閉塞保持するようになっている。Therefore, the relief valve (13) is operated by keeping the valve body (13B) in the closed position using the rod (19) until the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant pipe (12) reaches a set value or higher. (12) When charging the refrigerant into the refrigerant discharge port (1
3b), and after the refrigerant pressure reaches a set value or higher, the refrigerant pressure is used to keep the refrigerant discharge port (13b) closed.
そして、冷媒配管(12)からの冷媒の漏出が生じた場
合には、その冷媒の漏出によって弁箱(13A)内の冷
媒圧力が設定よりも低下することで、弁体(13B)が
自動開放し、冷媒放出口(13b)から冷媒配管(12
)内の冷媒を逃すようになっている。これにより、冷媒
配管(12)からの冷媒の漏出量が著しく減少されるの
である。また、前記弁体(13B)が冷媒圧力で閉塞位
置に保持されている状態において、弁(15)により接
続口(13a)を閉塞したのち、作動確認用の弁(16
)を開放して弁箱(13A)内を外部に連通させること
により、弁箱(13A)内の冷媒圧力を設定未満とでき
、このとき、弁体(13B)が自動開放したか否かをも
って、冷媒漏出時に正常に作動できるか否かを確認でき
るのである。When refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant pipe (12), the refrigerant pressure in the valve box (13A) decreases below the setting due to the refrigerant leakage, and the valve body (13B) automatically opens. Then, the refrigerant pipe (12
) to release the refrigerant inside. This significantly reduces the amount of refrigerant leaking from the refrigerant pipe (12). Further, in a state where the valve body (13B) is held in the closed position by the refrigerant pressure, after the connection port (13a) is closed by the valve (15), the valve (16) for operation confirmation is closed.
) by opening the valve body (13A) and communicating the inside of the valve body (13A) with the outside, the refrigerant pressure inside the valve body (13A) can be lowered below the setting. It is possible to confirm whether or not the system can operate normally in the event of a refrigerant leak.
以下、本発明の別実施例を示す。 Another embodiment of the present invention will be shown below.
[1]上記実施例では、冷媒配管(12)の逃し弁への
適用例を示したが、本発明は、第3図に示すように、温
水発生器(21)と室内ユニット(22)との間で温水
を循環させる暖房用の温水配管(12)にふいて、その
温水配管(12)に水漏れが生じた場合にその温水配管
(12)中の温水を排水部に排出して、室内への水漏れ
を抑制するための逃し弁(13)等にも適用できる。[1] In the above embodiment, an example of application to the relief valve of the refrigerant pipe (12) was shown, but as shown in FIG. Wipe the heating hot water pipe (12) that circulates hot water between the hot water pipes (12), and if a water leak occurs in the hot water pipe (12), the hot water in the hot water pipe (12) is discharged to the drainage part, It can also be applied to a relief valve (13) for suppressing water leakage into the room.
[2]上記実施例において、第1図中の二点鎖線で示す
ように、冷媒放出口(13b)の外側に冷煤検知センサ
(23)を設けて実施する。この場合、冷媒配管(12
)からの冷媒の漏出が生じているか否かを容易に知るこ
とができる。[2] In the above embodiment, a cold soot detection sensor (23) is provided outside the refrigerant discharge port (13b) as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. In this case, the refrigerant pipe (12
) can easily determine whether or not refrigerant is leaking from the refrigerant.
[31尚、特許請求の範囲の項に図面との対照を便利に
する為に符号を記すが、該記入により本発明は添付図面
の構造に限定されるものではない。[31 Note that although reference numerals are written in the claims section for convenience of comparison with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the structure of the attached drawings by the entry.
図面は本発明に係る逃し弁の実施例を示し、第1図は断
面図、第2図は空調配管図であり、第3図は本発明の別
実施例を示す温水配管図である。
(12)・・・・・・流体輸送管、(13a)・・・・
・・接続口、(13b)・・・・・・流体放出口、(1
3A)・・・・・・弁箱、(13B)・・・・・・弁体
、(15)・・・・・・弁、(16)・・・・・・作動
確認用の弁。The drawings show an embodiment of the relief valve according to the present invention, FIG. 1 is a sectional view, FIG. 2 is an air conditioning piping diagram, and FIG. 3 is a hot water piping diagram showing another embodiment of the invention. (12)...Fluid transport pipe, (13a)...
...Connection port, (13b)...Fluid discharge port, (1
3A)...Valve box, (13B)...Valve body, (15)...Valve, (16)...Valve for operation confirmation.
Claims (1)
a)と流体放出口(13b)とを備えた弁箱(13A)
を設け、その弁箱(13A)内に前記流体放出口(13
b)を開閉自在な弁体(13B)を設け、前記弁体(1
3B)を開放側に移動付勢する付勢手段と、その付勢手
段による付勢力に抗して前記弁体(13B)を閉塞位置
に移動操作するための操作手段と、前記弁箱(13A)
内の設定以上の流体圧を駆動力として前記弁体(13B
)を前記付勢手段による付勢力に抗して閉塞位置に保持
する保持手段とを設けてある逃し弁。 2、前記接続口(13a)を開閉するための弁(15)
と、前記弁箱(13A)内を外部に連通・遮断するため
の作動確認用の弁(16)とを設けてある請求項1記載
の逃し弁。3、前記流体輸送管(12)が冷媒配管であ
る請求項1又は2記載の逃し弁。[Claims] 1. Connection port (13) for connecting to fluid transport pipe (12)
a) and a valve box (13A) with a fluid discharge port (13b)
is provided, and the fluid discharge port (13A) is provided in the valve box (13A).
b) A valve body (13B) which can be opened and closed is provided, and said valve body (13B) is provided.
3B) to the open side; an operating means for moving the valve body (13B) to the closed position against the urging force of the urging means; )
The valve body (13B
) and retaining means for holding the valve in the closed position against the urging force of the urging means. 2. Valve (15) for opening and closing the connection port (13a)
2. The relief valve according to claim 1, further comprising: a valve (16) for checking operation for communicating and blocking the inside of the valve box (13A) to the outside. 3. The relief valve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluid transport pipe (12) is a refrigerant pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63236772A JP2621948B2 (en) | 1988-09-21 | 1988-09-21 | Relief valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63236772A JP2621948B2 (en) | 1988-09-21 | 1988-09-21 | Relief valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0285580A true JPH0285580A (en) | 1990-03-27 |
| JP2621948B2 JP2621948B2 (en) | 1997-06-18 |
Family
ID=17005567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63236772A Expired - Fee Related JP2621948B2 (en) | 1988-09-21 | 1988-09-21 | Relief valve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2621948B2 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57165858U (en) * | 1981-04-15 | 1982-10-19 | ||
| JPS59186569U (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-12-11 | 三井精機工業株式会社 | Self-holding on-off valve equipped with safety device |
-
1988
- 1988-09-21 JP JP63236772A patent/JP2621948B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57165858U (en) * | 1981-04-15 | 1982-10-19 | ||
| JPS59186569U (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-12-11 | 三井精機工業株式会社 | Self-holding on-off valve equipped with safety device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2621948B2 (en) | 1997-06-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |