JPH0310768Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a negative pressure ventilator mainly used for patients with chronic respiratory failure.

[Prior art]

For respiratory support for patients with chronic respiratory failure such as pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, and sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis, and neuromuscular diseases,
Negative pressure ventilators that support physiological negative pressure breathing are useful.

However, conventional negative-pressure respirators are large and heavy, like an iron lung, and even with an armor-shaped dome, there is a problem of air leakage from the periphery of the dome, as well as problems inside the dome. The pressure may be uneven near the opening for expelling the air and drawing negative pressure, causing the body surface to twitch, or it may take a long time to reach the target negative pressure due to a large pressure loss, causing physiological problems. There was a problem with not being able to create a proper breathing pattern.

The problem of body surface twitching can be prevented by increasing the number of openings, but
The ducts connecting to the opening of the dome branch out in a complicated manner.
In addition to making the duct as a whole larger and heavier, there were also problems in that it was complicated to handle.

[Purpose of invention]

This invention improves the flow of air inside the dome toward the opening of armored dome-type negative pressure ventilators, which conventionally were unable to provide physiological breathing support due to uneven pressure inside the dome when the pressure was negative. The purpose is to provide a negative pressure respirator that can be used comfortably for a long period of time by making the pressure uniform, thereby preventing the discomfort caused by the body surface near the opening being constricted.

[Structure of the idea]

That is, the present invention includes a dome body made of a hard material and having an opening for connecting to a duct at the top;
It is characterized by being composed of a fit part made of an elastic material and attached to the peripheral edge of the dome body, and a partition plate having a large number of holes and provided near the front of the top opening in the dome body. This is a ventilator dome.

The dome of the present invention has an external shape as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and is worn like armor on the patient's chest, and the material is suitable for applying negative or positive pressure. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a hard material that does not deform, but light metals such as aluminum alloys,
Thermoplastic plastics such as hard vinyl chloride resin, methacrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, laminate molded products of thermosetting plastics such as phenolic resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, reinforced plastics (FRP), or carbon fibers. It is desirable to use a material with high strength and relatively light weight, such as reinforced plastic (CFRP).

Further, an elastic material 5, which serves as a fitting part, is attached to the peripheral edge of the dome 1 in order to closely fit the patient's body surface and prevent air leakage. As the elastic material, tubes made of various thermoplastic elastomers such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene, olefin, ester, urethane, and polybutadiene are preferably used. In addition, it may be filled with a highly viscous fluid such as liquid paraffin or ethylene glycol, or a foam material such as urethane sponge.

To create negative or positive pressure inside the dome of this invention and perform artificial respiration, connect a duct to the opening at the top and suck and exhaust the air inside the dome with a blower.
Or supply air. To support breathing by lifting the thorax with negative pressure, the internal pressure of the dome must be reduced to a negative pressure of -10 to -20 mmHg in at least 0.7 to 0.8 seconds. Therefore, the capacity of this blower is in the range of 0.2 to 2 m ³ /min, and when such a large amount of air is exhausted from the opening, the body surface near the opening is stretched, causing inconveniences such as an unpleasant sensation. happened.

Therefore, in this invention, by providing a partition plate with many holes near the front of the top opening in the dome main body, the flow of air inside the dome during air supply and exhaust is made uniform, and the body surface is This is an attempt to avoid a situation where the

The position where the partition plate of the present invention is installed is 20 mm from opening 5.
At a distance of ~50 mm, the partition plate 2 is integrated with the dome 1 to partition the inside of the dome as shown in Figure 1, or it is hung from the ceiling inside the dome 1 as shown in Figure 2. If the partition plate 6 is fixed in shape, it is also possible to leave an opening around it like a baffle plate. The material of the partition plates 2 and 5 is the same as the material of the dome body, so there is no problem, but plates of light metal such as aluminum alloy may be used regardless of the dome body.

The holes 3 to be made in the partition plate may be made in the same pattern over the entire surface of the partition plate 2 when the inside of the dome is partitioned as in the example shown in FIG. There is no major problem even if a hole is not made in the center of the plate 2. On the other hand, when a gap is made around the partition plate 6 as in the example shown in Fig. 2, it is preferable not to make any holes near the opening 5, and it is possible to use the device even if no holes are made at all. .

Regarding the size and shape of the hole 3 in the partition plate, if it is a circular hole, it is appropriate that the diameter is about 2 to 20 mm, and the number of holes should be within an appropriate range depending on the size of the hole. will be determined automatically. For example, 30
Drill a 10mm diameter hole into a partition plate measuring cm x 40cm.
If you drill the entire surface at intervals, the number of holes will be 300,
The total area of the holes relative to the area of the partition plate is 19.6%. It depends on whether or not holes are made near the opening 5, but it is best to keep the total hole area in the range of 10 to 60%, preferably 15 to 40%.If it is less than 10%, the supply inside the dome will be reduced. The speed of exhaust becomes slower, and
If it exceeds 60%, the airflow within the dome will become insufficiently uniform.

[Effect of idea]

By using the dome of the present invention, the air flow inside the dome during air supply and exhaust is made uniform, which completely eliminates uneven pressure and the resulting unpleasant sensation of the body surface being pulled. As a result, the speed of air supply and exhaust can be increased, allowing physiological breathing support to be provided according to the patient's will, thereby providing a dome of a negative pressure ventilator that is particularly excellent in the medical industry. I can do it.

[Example] A partition plate was attached inside the dome body made of reinforced plastic at a position 25 mm from the opening at the top to partition the entire dome. The thickness of the partition plate is 1.6
mm duralumin board, the size is approximately 30cm x 40
cm, with holes of 10 mm diameter in 15 rows horizontally and 20 rows vertically, total
300 pieces were uniformly opened and used.

When this dome is attached to a healthy person, the output is 1.4m ³ /min.
A blower with a capacity of
It was confirmed that a negative pressure of ~-20mmHg was reached and breathing assistance could be provided immediately. Furthermore, there was no unpleasant sensation of twitching on the body surface during suction.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams showing examples of the present invention. Figure 1 shows an example in which the partition plate is fixed and integrated inside the dome, and Figure 2 shows an example in which the partition plate is suspended inside the dome. This is a fixed example, where a is a bottom view and b is a cross-sectional view.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] a dome body made of a hard material and having an opening for connecting to the duct at the top; a fit part made of an elastic material and attached to the periphery of the dome body;
and a partition plate having a large number of holes and provided near the front surface of the top opening in the dome body, and the holes of the partition plate are circular with a diameter of 2 to 20 mm, and the holes of the partition plate are circular with a diameter of 2 to 20 mm. The total pore area relative to the area is
A ventilator dome characterized by a range of 10-60%.