JPH03140487A - Electrochemical reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To inhibit a side reaction and to efficiently produce the aimed substance by electrolyzing a prescribed raw material to produce the aimed reaction product and also recovering a by-product as electric energy without taking out this by-product to the outside. CONSTITUTION:For example, when water is utilized and ozone is generated, a first electrode 2 is made to a positive pole and a second electrode 4 is made to a negative pole. Water is supplied into a production chamber 8 and electrolyzed. Gaseous O2 contg. ozone is produced and taken out from a discharge port 15 together with unreactive water. Hydrogen ion by-produced at this time is transferred to the second electrode 4 via a solid electrolyte 3 and changed into H2 on the second electrode 4 in a production chamber 9. This H2 is rechanged into hydrogen ion on a third electrode 5. Hydrogen ion is transferred toward a fourth electrode 7 via a solid electrolyte 6 and allowed to react with oxygen (or air) supplied from a feed port 18 on the fourth electrode 7 in a production chamber 10. The produced water is taken out from a discharge port 17. Electric energy generated at this time is conducted to the load 14 and effectively consumed. Thereby ozone is effectively produced without taking out a by-product to the outside of the system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electrochemical reactor that generates, synthesizes, purifies, separates, concentrates, or removes substances using electrochemical oxidation/reduction reactions.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, e-
R element generator (Special Publication No. 51-45557), ozone generator (S, 5tucki, G, Theis, R.

Kotz, H, Davan electrode y, and H, J.
Christen, J.

1i: electrochem, Sac, : Ili
:IJCTROCHgMICALSCIENCN AN
D TgCHNOLOGY, February 71985
, p. 367), Moisture Remover (JP-A-62-2771)
No. 26), etc.

The above reactor has electrodes attached to both sides of an ion exchange membrane or solid electrolyte, and by applying a DC voltage between both electrodes, the raw material is ionized at the 10,000 tll interface, and at the other electrode interface. Return to molecular state. As a result, substances are generated, purified, separated, concentrated, removed, etc. Since ion exchange or solid electrolyte is used as the separation membrane,
Space saving and miniaturization are possible. Furthermore, the type of reaction,
Since the speed R can be controlled by the magnitude of the applied voltage, the target substance can be obtained efficiently.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In conventional electrochemical reactors, the target substance is often either a reduction product or an oxidation product. In that case, substances other than the target substance are produced as side reaction products. For example, when obtaining ozone, the target substance ozone is generated at the anode, and hydrogen or water is generated at the @ electrode. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water, there is a risk that the reaction will proceed explosively, and there is a gap in the process before it can be released untreated.

This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an electrochemical reactor that can suppress undesirable side reactions and efficiently obtain a target substance.

[Means to solve the problem]

The electrochemical reactor according to the first invention includes a first cell in which a first (D) electrode and a second electrode are arranged via a first solid electrolyte, and a first cell in which a first (D) electrode and a second A power source connected so that the electrode becomes a negative electrode, a second cell in which a third voltage and a fourth electrode are arranged via a second solid electrolyte, and a third voltage and a fourth voltage. a load connected between them, a first generation chamber that accommodates the first voltage, a second generation chamber that accommodates the second electrode and the third a-pole, and a fourth electrode. A third generation chamber containing the

The electrochemical reactor according to the second invention includes a first cell in which a first electrode and a second electrode are arranged via a first solid electrolyte, and a second voltage applied to the negative electrode of the first electrode. a second cell in which a third voltage and a fourth electrode are arranged via a second solid electrolyte; a third electrode and a fourth electrode; A first generation chamber connected between and housing a load and a first electrode, a second generation chamber housing a second gLFM and a third electrode, and a fourth generation chamber housing a second gLFM and a third electrode. and a third generation chamber.

[Effect]

In this invention, production, purification, separation, concentration, removal, etc. are performed as follows.

During generation, the first electrode is used as a positive electrode, the second electrode is used as a negative electrode, and when water is supplied to the first generation chamber, the following reaction takes place. That is, on the first pole surface, 3H20→6H+
-+-Hog + 6e, 3H2046H++i
-Q, +56- generates oxygen gas containing ozone in the first generation chamber.

Purification 1 minute #1. In concentration, the first electrode is used as a positive image,
The second [electrode is made negative, and H2+H, 0-
) -0 Separated and concentrated.

In the removal, a secondary reaction is performed under the same settings as in the purification, separation, and concentration described above. That is, the H2 gas generated in the second generation chamber becomes hydrogen ions at the third electrode of the second cell, moves toward the fourth electrode, and reacts with oxygen in the third generation chamber. It is discharged as water.

In the reduction, the first polarization is made negative and the second 11jF
With M as the positive electrode, benzoquinone is supplied as a raw material to the first generation chamber, and with the load switch
When H2 gas is supplied to the generation chamber fc, the following reaction takes place.

(1) Ions move from the second electrode to the first aFM. (2) Benzohydroquinone is produced by reduction on the first electrode. (3) After the reaction is completed, the load is switched. (to) is turned on, the unreacted H2 gas in the second generation chamber becomes total ions from the third electrode and moves to the fourth electrode.
It becomes H2O (water) in the third generation chamber and is discharged.

As an example of reduction, if maleic acid is supplied as a raw material to the first production chamber in addition to the above, succinic acid is produced on the first electrode.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Example (1) "Ozone Generation" FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrochemical reactor for ozone generation which is an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, (1) is a reaction vessel, and (2) is a first electrode, in which β-lead dioxide is electrodeposited on a titanium mesh. (3) is the first solid electrolyte, hydrogen ion 7
J [Nafionl17 (trade name) manufactured by DuPont. (4) is the second electrode, and expanded graphite is used. (5) is the third electrode, which is a porous platinum plating layer formed by electroless plating.

(6) is the second solid electrolyte, which is Nafionl17. (7) is a porous platinum plating layer formed by electroless plating at the fourth electrode. (8) is the first generation chamber% (9
) is the second generation chamber, (IG is the third generation chamber, aυ is the partition plate, which is made of insulating material. The proverb is a controller, which controls the voltage of the power supply α frame, which will be described later. Image electrode +2), (4
). (to) is the power supply, and the tO1E electrode (2) is the anode and the second electrode (4) is the cathode, so the DC voltage is 2.
~5v is applied. α4 is a load. α valley is the first product discharge port, (to) is the first raw material supply port,
Water is supplied as a raw material. Toughness is the third product outlet, ω
is the second raw material supply port, and oxygen is supplied to the air port.

0g is the second product outlet, j is the switching valve, 0, c!
2 is a lead wire. Note that the first electrode (2), the first solid electrolyte (3), and the second electrode (4) constitute the first cell, and the third electrode (5) and the second solid electrolyte constitute the first cell. (6)
The second cell □□□ is made up of the fourth electrode and the fourth electrode. 8) The reactions of equations (11 and (2)) occur on the first electrode interface.

3H20→6H""-OB + 6 e------(1
)3 H20→6 H“+10 t” 6 e −
・＝ ＝・＝＝＝ ! 21 In the first generation chamber (8), oxygen gas containing ozone is generated and discharged from the system through the first product outlet (9) together with unreacted water.

- 10,000, the decomposed hydrogen ions are the first solid electrolyte (3)
The next reaction occurs on the second 11 electrode (4) in the second production chamber (9).

6 H+= 6 e −→3t(2=====−song(3
) The generated hydrogen becomes hydrogen ions again on the third electrode (5), moves toward the fourth electrode (force), and moves toward the fourth electrode (in the sumo wrestler, the second The following reaction occurs due to oxygen (or oxygen in the air) supplied from the raw material supply port.

6H+-t-702+ 6e-+ 3H20-・-=-
・(4) The generated water is accumulated in the third generation chamber al, but is eventually discharged to the outside of the system from the third product outlet αη.The generated ozone is used as a raw material for the third generated UaO. By supplying ozone, it can be treated as % H, O (water), so excess ozone can be treated and discharged from the system. During this process, electrical energy is applied from outside to the first cell to produce the desired product through electrolysis. (contains ozone, 7 tons)
Obtain [elementary gas]. In the second cell example, the side reaction product (H
Using 2) and air (0□) as raw materials, electrical energy can be extracted externally using the principle of a fuel cell and can be effectively consumed by supplying electricity to an appropriate load.

In the above examples, since the target product was ozone, beta lead dioxide, which has strong oxidation resistance, was used as the material for the first electrode (2). However, when oxygen is the target product,
By using a porous platinum plating layer instead of β lead dioxide as the material of the first IT 11(2), no ozone is generated in the first generation chamber, and only oxygen is generated. The reactions in the second generation chamber (9) and the third generation chamber σ are the same as in the case of ozone.

In the above example, the first 11E electrode (2) and the third electrode (5) are the anode, and the second electrode (4) and the fourth electrode (
7) is the cathode, and the raw material in the first generation chamber (8) is oxidized and decomposed. , the second a-electrode (4) and the fourth electrode (the power is the anode), and it is also possible to reductively decompose the raw material in the first generation chamber (8) to obtain the target substance. For example, in organic electrolysis In this case, the raw material is a substance with a double bond RCH=CHR', and the target substance is RCH2CH
! An example where a' is the case will be described. The following reactions occur on each electrode.

First, with the switch (support) turned off, turn on the first IE
ffi12) on RCH=CHR' +2H++2e -→RCH2CH
2R' (5) On the second electrode (4), the reaction of formula (6) occurs.

H2 → 2H++2e-13, 21911890810,
(6) Next, when the switch (to) is turned on, on the third electrode (5) H2 → 2H" + 2e-...
... (7) On the fourth 11L pole (7), 2H++102+2e-→H20...
...(8).

In this way, the desired product RCH2CH,R' is obtained, and the hydrogen generated during the production process is safe without leaving the system.

Example +2 Generation of 3r benzohydroquinone" FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another example. In the figure, the first electrode (2) is connected to the negative electrode of the power source 03, the second electrode (4) is connected to the positive electrode, the switch (to) is turned off, the pulp container is opened, and the first production chamber is opened. (8) Supply benzoquinone as a raw material. Furthermore, H2 gas is supplied to the second generation chamber (9) through valve (2). In this case, the following reaction takes place.

■Measure ions move from the 20a-th electrode (4) to the first electrode (2). (2) Benzohydroquinone is produced on the first oii electrode (2) by a reductive action. ■Second generation chamber (9
), the unreacted H2 gas becomes H+ ions from the third electrode (5) and moves to the fourth electrode (F) by turning on the switch (to), and is transferred to the third generation chamber α1. It reacts with 02 and is discharged as H2O.

In the above, the gas in the first production chamber (8) can be concentrated by circulating it through a pump, and finally high-molecular-weight benzohydroquinone can be extracted from the pulp.

As another example of the reduction reaction, when manic acid is supplied as a raw material to the first production chamber (8), succinic acid is produced at the first electrode (2).

In the above example, the solid electrolyte +31, (6) is oxygen ion! [Various types of propensity bodies, etc. 21! A similar effect can be expected as an electrically conductive solid.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the first invention, by supplying the first raw material to the first production chamber with the first electrode as the positive electrode and the second a-electrode as the negative electrode, the desired reaction can be produced. Since the by-products produced by the product are treated and discharged without leaving the system, safety can be maintained even if the by-products are harmful substances. Furthermore, it can be recovered as electrical energy through the reaction between the by-product and the second raw material.

According to the second invention, target substances of oxidation products and reduction products can be obtained by using the first electrode as a negative electrode and the second electrode as a positive electrode.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrochemical reactor showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment. In the figure, (2) is the first t electrode, (3) is the first solid electrolyte, (4) is the second electrode, (5) is the third electrode,
(6) is the second solid electrolyte, (force is the third electrode, (8)
is the first generation'! , (9) is the second generation chamber, uI is the third
The generation chamber is, (to) is the power supply, (14 is the load, 1 is the first cell, 2 is the second cell, 0■ is the switch, shows.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A first cell in which a first electrode and a second electrode are arranged via a first fixed electrolyte, and the first electrode is connected to the positive electrode and the second electrode is the negative electrode. power supply, 2nd
a second cell in which a third electrode and a fourth electrode are arranged via a solid electrolyte; a load connected between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; First housed
An electrochemical reactor comprising: a generation chamber, a second generation chamber housing the second electrode and the third electrode, and a third generation chamber housing the fourth electrode. (2) A first cell in which a first electrode and a second electrode are arranged via a first solid electrolyte, the first electrode being connected as a negative electrode and the second electrode as a positive electrode. power supply, 2nd
a second cell in which a third electrode and a fourth electrode are arranged via a solid electrolyte; a load connected between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; First housed
An electrochemical reactor comprising: a generation chamber, a second generation chamber housing the second electrode and the third electrode, and a third generation chamber housing the fourth electrode.