JPH0315464A - Sheet for absorbing living body component - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To absorb a living body part, which is allowed to flow out at the time of surgical operation or the like, in a large quantity and quickly by compressing a porous material or a fiber laminated material consisting of chitin. CONSTITUTION:A porous material or a fiber laminated material is manufactured from chitin and compressed thereafter dried. The chitin is poly (N-acetyl-D- glucosamine), obtained by performing hydrochloric acid treatment and caustic soda treatment of the external skeleton of shells, insects, etc., to remove ash and protein, or deacetylated object obtained by processing this poly (N-acetyl-D- glucosamine) with concentration alkali. This sheet is provided with 20 times or more water absorption multiplying factor and with a water absorbing speed 5g/g.sec or more.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Field of Application in Industry 2) The present invention relates to a sheet for absorbing biological components made of chitin, and is particularly suitable for use in surgical operations in the medical field, such as ophthalmology and brain surgery. Blood flowing into. The present invention relates to a sheet suitable for absorbing biological substances such as body fluids.

(Conventional technology) In surgical operations such as ophthalmology and neurosurgery, it is necessary to remove biological components such as blood and body fluids that flow from the surgical site in order to perform the operation smoothly. It is also important for postoperative management. Conventionally, gauze and absorbent cotton have been generally used as bioabsorbent materials used in such situations.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) When removing biological fluids such as blood and body fluids flowing out from the surgical site, it is important to absorb them as quickly as possible.
Furthermore, since the surgical site is sensitive to external stimuli, it is desirable that the absorbent material used be less irritating and that no absorbent material will remain in the surgical site. However, conventional gauze and absorbent cotton have a slow rate of absorbing biological fluids, so they are not suitable for use in surgeries that require rapid imitations, and in some cases, a portion of the absorbent material may be absorbed into the surgical site. remains in
This can cause tissue damage, and great care must be taken when using it.

An object of the present invention is to provide a sheet for absorbing biological components that can rapidly absorb a large amount of biological components flowing out during surgical operations, etc., and in which the absorbent portion does not remain at the surgical site. It is said that

(Means for Solving the Problems) As a result of extensive research to achieve the above object, the present inventor has found that a porous body or a fibrous laminate made of chitin can be compressed,
The inventors have discovered that a dried sheet can accomplish this problem, and have arrived at the present invention.

That is, the gist of the present invention is a sheet for absorbing biological components formed by compressing a porous body or a fibrous laminate made of chitin.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

Chitin is poIJ (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), which is obtained by treating the exoskeleton of shellfish, insects, etc. with hydrochloric acid and caustic soda to remove ash and protein substances.
This poly(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) is a deacetylated product obtained by treating it with concentrated alkali (the degree of deacetylation ranges from a few percent to 100%). Chitosan is particularly called chitosan when it has a high acid content and dissolves in acids.

The chitin used in the present invention is such chitin or chitosan, and also. One lobe group or CH2011 group of glucosamine residue of chitin or chitosan is esterified. Etherified, carboxymethylated, hydroxyethylated or 0-ethylated chitin derivatives are also included. Further, in addition to such chitin, a polymer compound other than chitin may be mixed. Examples of such polymer compounds include cellulose, starch, collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and the like. When a polymer compound other than chitin is mixed, the mixing ratio is preferably 10 to 95% by weight.

The biocomponent absorbing sheet of the present invention can be completed by producing a porous body or a fiber laminate from the chitin described above, compressing this, and then drying it. The size of the sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be set to an appropriate size depending on the purpose, but generally, one side is several mm to several cm.
It is triangular in shape and preferably has a thickness of 1 mm to several mm, and these can be cut after making a sheet in advance.

The sheet of the present invention can absorb a large amount of biological substances rapidly, and its water absorption capacity is 20 times or more. Water absorption rate is 5g/g・
More than seconds.

Here, the water absorption capacity is the value calculated from the weight of the sheet before and after absorbing water using the following formula when using a sheet with a width of 5 mm and a length of 2 cm and a moisture content of 15% or less and absorbing sufficient water. .

However, Δ: Water absorption capacity (times) W: Weight of the sheet before water absorption (g) Weight of the sheet after water absorption (g) Also. The water absorption rate is a value calculated from the following equation using the above sheet, from the time required for the water to reach the top after one end of the sheet is immersed in water, and the weight of the sheet before and after water absorption.

However, V: Water absorption rate (g/g・sec) W1. Sheet weight before water absorption (g) Wo: Sheet weight after water absorption (g) t: Time (sec) The moisture content is 60°C, 30 minutes. It is determined from the difference in weight from when it is completely dry by the treatment of
If kept at 0% relative humidity, the moisture content will be kept below 15%.

Next, a method for producing the sheet for absorbing biological components of the present invention will be explained.

First, the chitin solution described above is prepared. As a solvent. For example, in the case of poly(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) or chitin with a relatively low degree of deacetylation, a mixture of trichloroacetic acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon, or a mixture of dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone and lithium chloride, etc. In the case of relatively high degree of deacetylation or chitosan, an acid solution such as acetic acid is used.The composition ratio of these solvents is .l in the case of a mixture of trichloroacetic acid and halogenated hydrocarbon. :5~5:1
(weight ratio) range is good, dimethylacetamide or N
- In the case of a mixture of methylpyrrolidone and lithium chloride, the preferred range is 95:5 to 90:10 (weight ratio). Moreover, in the case of an acid solution, the range of 5 6 0.1 to 1% by weight is preferable. The concentration of the chitin solution is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight. If a polymer compound other than chitin is to be mixed, the chitin solution and the solution of the other polymer compound may be mixed at this stage.

Next, such a chitin solution is solidified to produce a porous body. For example, the following two methods can be used for this purpose. The first method is. The chitin solution is treated with a chemical agent such as a surfactant, a chemical blowing agent, or a gas bubble.
This is a method in which the foam is foamed by some method and then solidified.
The second method is. This method involves adding a powdery solid substance to a chitin solution, thoroughly dispersing it, solidifying it, and then removing the powdery solid substance.

In the second method, the foaming agent used to foam the chitin solution is: For example, soap (higher fatty acid salt, general formula: RC○○1M+), sulfate (half-sulfate ester of higher aliphatic alcohol, general formula: RCH20S○20-
Anionic surfactants such as M+, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.), sulfonated products (RS020-M”), alkyl sulfonated products, alkylaryl sulfonated products, amidosulfonated products, ester sulfonated products, and nitrosyl sulfonated products, and various cationic interfaces. Activators, as well as Span (Wako Pure Chemical Industries. trade name) series, Tween (Plu
ka AG, product name) system, fatty acid ester of sucrose,
Examples include nonionic and amphoteric surfactants such as polyhydric alcohol esters of fatty acids and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol.

In addition, calcium carbonate, for example, may be added as a substance that reacts with the aqueous acetic acid solution to form foam, or a gas such as air, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide may be directly blown into the chitin solution to cause foaming.

To coagulate the chitin solution foamed by the above-mentioned method or a combination thereof, it may be brought into contact with a coagulating liquid. As the coagulating liquid, an alcohol solution such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or an alkaline solution is preferably used. Specific examples include water or alcohol solutions containing sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or ammonia. For example, when using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide as the coagulating liquid,
Its preferred concentration is 40W/V% or less. More preferably 20W/V% or less. The optimum range is 1 to LOW/V%. After solidification, a porous body can be obtained by washing with water or various solvents.

In the second method, a powdered solid substance is added to the chitin solution, preferably water-soluble, more preferably insoluble in water at room temperature but soluble in hot water. It has the property of. Specific examples of such substances include water-soluble polymeric substances, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, agar powder, and soluble starch. These powders. After adding and mixing uniformly, it is brought into contact with the coagulating liquid and coagulated.

After solidification, in order to dissolve and remove the water-soluble polymer substance,
Preferably, a porous body can be obtained by repeating hot water treatment at 80° C. or higher.

Furthermore, in order to produce a fiber laminate from a chitin solution, the following procedure may be used. The chitin solution used when producing the porous body can be used in the same way. This chitin solution is extruded under pressure into water or an organic solvent through a fine nozzle, and is drawn off at a constant speed to form fibers by wet spinning to form short fibers of, for example, 5 to 20 mm. After dispersing in water, the water can be removed and compressed to dry.

The porous body and fiber laminate obtained here have a thickness of 5
~20+nm is suitable.

In order to obtain the bioabsorbable sheet of the present invention, it is better for the porous body or fiber laminate obtained as described above to have a large volume of voids contained therein, and preferably have a porosity of 70%. The above is good. Here, the porosity was calculated as follows.

However, V1: Volume of the porous body or fiber laminate Vo: Volume of only the solid phase of the porous body or fiber laminate (weight of solid phase ÷ density of solid phase) 9 10 Porous body or fiber laminate with a porosity of 70% or more In the first method, the amount of blowing agent added is preferably at least 10% by weight of the chitin solution, more preferably from 20 to 60%. The optimum range is 30 to 50%. In the second method, the powdery solid substance may be added at a weight ratio of 0.2 to 5 times the weight of the chitin solution.

Next, these porous bodies or fiber laminates are compressed and dried, and this simulation is preferably carried out while impregnated with water or water containing an adhesive such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, or starch. The concentration of the adhesive solution varies depending on the type of adhesive, but a low concentration of about 0.05 to 5% by weight is preferable. Compression pressure is 2~20kg/
cn! is preferable, and the compressor used is . Normally 50X5
It is a flat plate press machine with a size of about 0 cm. Drying is 1 10
It is preferable to perform heat treatment and drying at 0 to 250°C for 5 to 60 seconds.

When the sheet of the present invention thus obtained is brought into contact with an aqueous solution, it can rapidly adsorb a large amount of water. Furthermore, the sheet of the present invention is compressed into a certain shape. When the sheet is brought into contact with the surgical site and then removed, no part of the sheet, such as lint, will remain on the surgical site, and even if it remains, it will not have any negative impact on the surgical site due to the bioabsorbability unique to chitin. It will not affect you. Therefore, they absorb some unnecessary biological fluids such as blood and body fluids generated during surgical operations, such as ophthalmology and brain surgery.
It is suitably used as a remover.

(Example) Below. The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Crude chitin powder (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical) was heated at 40°C in IN-hydrochloric acid.
, treated for 1 hour and further heated at 90°C in a 3% caustic soda aqueous solution.
The powder was heat-treated for 3 hours to remove calcium and protein contained in the crude chitin powder. A transparent solution was prepared by dissolving 4% by weight of this chitin powder in a mixed solvent of dimethylacetamide and lithium chloride (weight ratio 92:8). 30 mesh pass powder of polyvinyl alcohol (saponification degree 98%, polymerization degree 2000) was mixed with this solution at a weight ratio of 1:1, and a 30cm (vertical), 30cm (width), 1 (depth)
After pouring into a 1.5 cm container, the mixture was treated with cold water at 20° C. for 8 hours to solidify. The coagulated material was treated in boiling water for 6 hours to elute the polyvinyl alcohol in the coagulated material. After the treatment, it was a porous body made only of chitin with a thickness of about 1 cm, and the porosity was 96.5%. With this porous material still containing water, it weighs 5kg/cn! This was then heat-treated and dried at 160° C. using a Kumagai Rika rotary dryer to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 1 TLm. When this sheet was brought into contact with water and absorbed, the volume of the absorbent body after water absorption became 10 times the original volume, and the water absorption capacity and water absorption rate mentioned above were 24 times and 12.5 times, respectively.
g/g·sec. Furthermore, base 7mm x height 18+n
When the sample was cut into a triangular shape of m and used to absorb a certain amount of biological fluid during ophthalmic surgery, the absorption rate and amount were sufficient, and the material could be used satisfactorily as an absorbent material.

Example 2 The chitin solution used in Example 1 and the solvent used in Example 1 were mixed with 6 recycled cellulose fibers (manufactured by Unitika Rayon).
A solution in which the weight percent was dissolved was uniformly mixed at a ratio of 1:4 (weight ratio). Water-soluble starch (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was mixed in this solution at a ratio of 1:1 (weight ratio), and
Fill a container with a width of 30 am and a thickness of 1 cm.
It was solidified by treatment with cold water at 0° C. for 10 hours. The coagulated material was treated in boiling water for 8 hours to elute starch and produce a porous body. The porosity was 88.5%. The porous material was treated with water containing 2% polyethylene oxide (molecular weight 1000), compressed at 7 kg/cnf, and then heat-treated and dried at 180°C in a rotary dryer, resulting in a sheet with a thickness of 1.5 m. It was done. When this sheet is immersed in water, it rapidly absorbs water in 2 seconds, and the volume of the absorbent body after absorbing water becomes 12 times its original volume, and the water absorption capacity and water absorption rate mentioned above are 32 times and 13 times, respectively. .8
g/g·sec. In addition, when the 13 14 was made into a triangle with a height of 3 mm and a base of 14 mm and was used to absorb body fluid from the ocular surface during ophthalmic surgery, the absorption speed and amount were both sufficient and it was suitable for use.

Example 3 Chitosan (manufactured by Shin Nihon Kagaku Co., Ltd., molecular weight approximately 100,000) with a degree of deacetylation of 85% was dissolved in a 3% acetic acid aqueous solution.
A solution of % by weight was prepared. This is filtered and degassed, transported using a gear pump, and the 0. 0 7 mm, 30
When spun into a 2% caustic soda solution through a 00 hole nozzle, thoroughly washed with water, and then wound up at a speed of 20 m/min, chitosan fibers with a single yarn denier of 1.5 d were obtained. This was dried, cut into 5 mm lengths, dispersed in water, and dried without applying pressure while remaining laminated.

The porosity at that time was 93.5%. At that time, the basis weight is 50
It was 0 mg/c++t. Furthermore, it is immersed in water containing 2% soluble starch and weighs 10 kg/cn! After compressing the material, it was heat-treated and dried at 165°C. The sheet had the property of rapidly absorbing water when it came into contact with it, and was completely absorbed within 3 seconds. The volume of the absorbent body after water absorption was 6 times the original volume, and the water absorption capacity and water absorption rate mentioned above were 23 times and 10.6 g/g·sec, respectively. When this sheet was used as a protective material for the brain surface during brain surgery, it was able to sufficiently absorb body fluids and maintain a moist state, so it could be used conveniently without drying out.

(Effects of the Invention) The sheet for absorbing biological components of the present invention can absorb large amounts of body fluids rapidly. In addition, since no part of the absorbent material remains in the surgical site, if it is used as an absorbent material for unnecessary body fluids during surgical operations, the surgery can proceed quickly, and it can also be used to absorb unnecessary body fluids during surgical operations. There is no need to worry about adverse effects on the affected area.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A biocomponent-absorbing sheet made by compressing a porous body or fiber laminate made of chitin.