JPH0316672A - Rail sprayer and rail sprayer system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make sprayed particles fine and to enhance spraying effect by fitting air blowing pipes for allowing flows of air to carry the sprayed particles from spray nozzles. CONSTITUTION:A motorcar 4 is moved on a rail 1 and liq. chemicals or water is fed from a tank 14 to booms 8 interlocking with the motorcar 4 and is sprayed by a power sprayer 15 from spray nozzles 7 so fitted to the booms 8 that the nozzles 7 confront crops. At this time, air is fed by a fan to air blowing pipes 9 and blown from the air blowing holes 13 in the pipes 9 and the sprayed particles are made fine by flows of the air. The liq. chemicals or water are uniformly stuck to the surfaces of the inner leaves of crops such as evergreens.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Fields of Application] The present invention is applicable to, for example, orchards, in particular, to move on rails provided on row-planted crops for dwarf cultivation, which require support facilities, to remove pests and diseases of crops. This invention relates to a rail-type sprayer and its system for performing pest control work, irrigation, foliar spraying of fertilizer, etc.

[Prior Art] Generally, in orchards, it is necessary to spray a chemical solution onto crops in order to control pests and diseases. In addition to chemical solutions, it is also necessary to irrigate the crop and spray the leaves with fertilizer. Japan is a small country, and many orchards are located on slopes of 15 degrees or more, cut into mountain slopes, making up more than 50% of all orchards.

As a result, pest control machines such as speed sprayers cannot be moved around the park, and pest control has to be carried out manually via a long hose from a power sprayer installed on the road, which is labor-intensive. In addition, when cultivating vegetables, flowers, and other plants in facilities other than orchards, pest control work is done manually, which is hard work and there were concerns about chemical damage to the human body.

Conventionally, monorails have been used to transport harvested products in orchards, etc., but because they are installed low (approximately 50 cm above the ground), they can only be used to transport harvested products.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] Therefore, in order to efficiently spray water or liquid agents without increasing the labor load in such steeply sloped orchards or in greenhouse cultivation, etc., and to further prevent chemical damage to workers. countermeasures were desired.

The present invention automatically sprays water or a liquid agent from a rail-type sprayer that moves on a rail that runs near the tree canopy, and also controls the amount of spray by detecting the position and density of crop bodies.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a track type sprayer system that enables unmanned spraying and efficient spraying of water or liquid agents.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the rail-type sprayer of the present invention includes a power vehicle that moves on rails, and spraying nozzles that move on the rails in conjunction with the motor vehicle and are arranged at predetermined intervals. a boom having a boom, a tank containing water or a liquid agent to be supplied to the boom, a power sprayer for spraying the liquid agent from a spraying nozzle of the boom, and an air blowing pipe provided with an air blowing hole corresponding to the nozzle; The air blower is characterized by comprising a blower that supplies air to the air blowing pipe.

Furthermore, the track-type sprayer system is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor that detects the distance to the ground and the presence or absence of crops, a capacitance sensor that detects the amount of crop growth, and the position of the water or liquid surface in the tank. Based on the level sensor and the detection data obtained by these sensors, the boom,
It is characterized by comprising an automatic control unit that controls a power sprayer, a blower, and a power vehicle.

[Function] The track-type sprayer of the present invention includes a motor vehicle that moves on rails, a boom that moves on the rails in conjunction with the motor vehicle and has spray nozzles at predetermined intervals, and water or liquid to be supplied to the boom. A power sprayer for spraying the liquid agent from the spraying nozzle of the boom, an air blowing pipe provided with an air blowing hole corresponding to the nozzle, and a blower for supplying air to the air blowing pipe. Therefore, water or the liquid agent can be sprayed from both sides of the crop body, and the spraying lever of the power sprayer can be placed on the airflow of the forced air, allowing the water or the liquid agent liquid to penetrate deeper into the crop body.

It must be equipped with an ultrasonic sensor that measures the distance to the crop, a capacitance sensor that detects the amount of leaf growth, a level sensor that detects the position of the liquid surface in the tank, and an automatic control unit that controls them. Therefore, the spraying of water or liquid chemicals to the crops can be completely unmanned, and efficient water or liquid spraying has become possible.

[Example] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a track type sprayer system of the present invention.

When using the track-type sprayer of the present invention, it is necessary for the crop body to fit within the boom described below, so it is a prerequisite that the crop body is of the induced rod construction shown in FIG. 2.

A 124m rail 1 will be installed on this tree (approximately 2m above the ground). The rail 1 is supported by a main vertical support 2 and an auxiliary support 3 tied to the support 2 near the center of the support 2 at an angle of about 30°.

The rail-type sprayer system is broadly divided into a power vehicle 4, a sprayer 5, and an automatic control section 6.

The motor vehicle 4 that moves on this rail 1 serves as the base of a boom 10 that suspends a boom 8 equipped with a spray nozzle 7 and an air blowing pipe 9, which will be described next.
It has an ultrasonic sensor 11 below one end thereof. A mouth-shaped boom 8 is fixed on this power vehicle 4 and suspended so as to sandwich the crop body and hang on both sides of the crop body.
Ten spraying nozzles 13 are arranged on the vertical portion of the boom at intervals of 25cII1 toward the inside of the boom, that is, toward the crop body side. Also, on the outside of this square-shaped pool 8, a pool 10 is fixed on the power vehicle 4, which is also shaped like an opening and is suspended so that the boom of the vertical part is parallel to the boom 8. This boom 10 is connected to an air outlet pipe 9.

These booms are driven and controlled by a boom drive motor 12. In particular, the boom may move on a low-lying track until it reaches the target crop, and in such cases, the long hanging boom may come into contact with the ground or surrounding objects and interfere with movement. be. In such a case, use the drive motor 12 to rotate the boom rearward and upward approximately 90'' to 1200 times.
The boom is configured so that it can be moved by rotating the tip of the boom behind the motor vehicle and slightly above the rails. Water or a liquid agent placed in a tank 14 is sprayed from the spray nozzle 7 by a power sprayer 15, and is sprayed onto the crops. At this time, air is blown out from the air blowing hole 13 behind each spraying nozzle 7 at the same time as the water or liquid is being sprayed from the spraying nozzle 7, so that the water or the liquid is evenly sprayed on the crop. This will assist in dispersing water or liquids. This tank 14 is installed on a pendulum type pedestal 18, so that it can remain horizontal even on a steeply inclined track.

Unlike deciduous trees, evergreen trees such as mandarin oranges have hard petioles and are said to be difficult to spray. However, by injecting air, a turbulent flow is forcibly generated inside the crop, and the water or liquid agent is applied to the leaf surface inside the crop. can be applied uniformly and efficiently. Further, the finer the spray particles, the more effective the spraying effect can be expected, but the smaller the spray particles, the shorter the horizontal reach, and the disadvantages of drifting and scattering. However, even with fine particles, the effective dispersion distance can be extended by assisting with an air stream, so the above-mentioned disadvantages can be overcome by assisting with an air stream.

Furthermore, since the spray particles can be carried by the airflow, it is possible to extend the working time without being affected by the wind.

And an ultrasonic sensor 11 provided at the lower end of the power vehicle 4
By emitting ultrasonic waves and detecting the sound waves returned from the crops, the distance to the ground and the presence or absence of crops are detected, and the boom is raised and lowered. This makes it possible to spray water or liquids according to the height of the crop. In this way, by detecting the distance to the crop, it is possible to spray water or a liquid agent that is suitable for the crop, and it is possible to prevent wasteful spraying.

Further, a capacitance sensor 16 detects the amount of crop growth and increases or decreases the spray amount or the moving speed of the motor vehicle. In a tree shape with an attraction fence, the long, horizontally overhanging crop bodies are connected, eliminating gaps between trees and reducing wasted water or liquid spraying.

A level sensor 17 is also provided in the tank 14 to measure the surface position of the water or liquid, and when the water or liquid runs out, the power sprayer and blower are stopped. The amount of water or liquid agent decreased can be easily grasped.

The power vehicle 4 that pulls the spray work machine 5 including the tank 14 is
It has a continuously variable transmission mechanism to increase traction on steep slopes and adjust the spraying speed. This continuously variable speed power iL4 can easily automatically control speed change, stop/start, forward/backward movement based on instructions from various sensors of the spraying work machine 5.

The automatic control unit 6 uses limit switches (not shown) and detection results from the ultrasonic sensor 11 to raise and lower the boom using the drive motor, stop the power sprayer and blower using the level sensor in the tank, move the motor vehicle, and stop the motor vehicle. A capacitive sensor 16 controls the spray pressure of the power sprayer. More specifically, a rail-type sprayer having the specifications shown in Table 1 is considered appropriate.

Table 1 Overall length x overall width x overall height (+u) Weight (kg g) Maximum engine output (PS/rpm) Speed (m/s) Tank capacity it (II) Material Support method rated output (PS/rpm) Pump Model: Regular water absorption ffi Cl /min) Regular pressure (k
g f /cm2) Required power (PS) Shape width x length (am) Number of nozzles (pieces) Nozzle pitch (■l) Model Engine rated output (PS/rpm) Air volume (m' /min) Air Blow-out pipe Shape Width x Length (Size) Material Hole Diameter (Strength) Boom-powered sprayer power vehicle for blower spraying 1.170κ62 880 147 Air-cooled 4-cycle gasoline 4. 0/5. 000 0~0.7 200 FRP Pendulum type4. 0/1, 800 MS410 25 0-50 2,6 Gate-type rotary type 2.000X2.30G 10×2 250 Maruyama MD6010T Air-cooled 2-cycle gasoline 3. 4/7, 500 11.6 Gate type rotary type 2. OOOX2.300 Salt Kaze 12 The following tests were conducted using the above-mentioned rail-type sprayer system.

In a citrus orchard with steep slopes, the width of the crop is 1.8m.
s A line of trees with a height of 2 m is set up as an attraction fence, and a rail-type sprayer is used, and the moving speed of the motor vehicle is 0.72 m/s s The discharge pressure of the power sprayer is 50 kgf/cj, and the discharge amount is 2'l/s.
, spray cross-sectional area 5 rrr, working width of 1 stroke 4 m s
A spraying performance test was conducted under the conditions of spraying Etl45jl per 10 a with and without air blowing by a blower.

Spraying accuracy was determined by setting up 37 measuring leaves in a grid pattern at 0.25 m intervals on a plane perpendicular to the direction of travel of the track-type sprayer, and using water-sensitive test paper (spraying system
A size 76×52+n (manufactured by Japan Co., Ltd.) was attached to measure the adhesion of the sprayed liquid when air flow was blown out. The resulting adhesion to the water sensitivity test paper is shown in Figure 3.

Judgment of adhesion status is divided into 10 levels from 0 (no spray liquid attached at all) to 9 (spray liquid flowing out). First, the adhesion index to the leaf surface is determined. The value within 0 represents the index of adhesion to the underside of the leaf. Then, adhesion levels of 5 or higher were counted as effective leaves for spraying, 3 and 4 were counted as semi-effective leaves, and two semi-effective leaves were considered to be equivalent to one effective leaf, and the number of effective leaves was determined.

Based on the results, the spraying accuracy when airflow was blown is shown in the upper half of Table 2.

Furthermore, a similar test was conducted without blowing out the air stream, and the resulting spraying accuracy is shown in the lower half of Table 2.

2nd surface present Leaf surface, leaf underside absent Leaf surface, leaf underside 35 2 97. 31 6 91.36
1 98.22 12
75. Note) Effective leaf number rate - (effective leaves number tens and a half effective leaves number x 0.5) / total number of leaves Number rate {effective leaf number rate 1 (number of effective leaves, tens and a half, number of effective leaves x O, 5) / total number of leaves x
IOO) was quite high at over 97%. Regarding the underside of the leaf, the effective leaf number ratio is 75.
7%, compared to 91.9% for the airflow outlet.
% was quite high.

From the above results, it was found that the spraying situation using the rail-type sprayer of the present invention using an air flow blowout allows highly accurate spraying to the front and back of leaves inside the tree body. It has been found that the present invention is particularly effective for spraying on the underside of leaves. Even though the amount sprayed per 10 acres was quite small at 145g, it can be said that a high percentage of the spray adhered to the front and back of the leaves. The work efficiency of spraying alone is 1
It was highly efficient at 5.8 minutes per 0a.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can also be applied as an automatic sprayer to crops planted in rows in a greenhouse, for example.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention uses a rail-type sprayer system that moves on rails, so it can efficiently control pests and pests, liquid fertilizer, etc. even under difficult working conditions, such as in citrus orchards on steep slopes. Works such as chemical spraying and irrigation can be easily performed. Additionally, since chemical spraying can be done unmanned, the human body can be protected from chemical damage. Since it has an air blowing pipe that carries the spray particles from the spray nozzle into the air stream, the spray particles can be made finer, increasing the spray effect.

Also, it is possible to expand the working time due to the influence of wind. Spraying efficiency is high because the spray is applied from both sides of the crop to the inside. Generally, on steep slopes, it takes a lot of work time to replenish and transport water or liquid, but by reducing the spray particle size and increasing spray efficiency, work time and water or liquid costs can be significantly reduced compared to conventional methods. becomes possible.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a track type sprayer system of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the shape of an attraction fence. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the state of adhesion caused by spraying the spray into the tree.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A motor vehicle that moves on a rail, a boom that moves on a rail in conjunction with the motor vehicle and has spray nozzles at predetermined intervals, a tank that holds water or liquid to be supplied to the boom, and a sprayer for the boom. A rail-type sprayer comprising a power sprayer for spraying a liquid agent from a nozzle, an air blowing pipe provided with an air blowing hole corresponding to the nozzle, and a blower supplying air to the air blowing pipe. (2) An ultrasonic sensor that detects the distance to the ground and the presence or absence of crops, a capacitance sensor that detects the amount of vegetation, and a level sensor that detects the position of the water or liquid surface in the tank; 2. A rail-type sprayer system using a rail-type sprayer according to claim 1, further comprising an automatic control section that controls the boom, power sprayer, blower, and motor vehicle based on the detection data obtained by these sensors.