JPH03180119A - Artificial soil, plant culture method using the same and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the objective artificial soil having extremely light weight compared with natural soil and excellent air-permeability, water-retainability and brittleness by fermenting crushed chips of a waste wood decayed with a wood-destroying fungi, dry-distilling the fermentation product at a low temperature and using the obtained crushed chips as the objective soil. CONSTITUTION:The above waste wood, concretely a waste bed log used in the culture of mushroom such as SHIITAKE (Cortinellus shiitake), is crushed to chips of 5-15mm size. The crushed material is mixed with an N source such as poultry manure or oil meal and fermented under aerobic condition. The fermentation product is heated at a low temperature (about 200 deg.C) in a state shielded from air to obtain the objective artificial soil consisting of a partially dry-distilled material leaving the original shape of the crushed chips and having a specific gravity of about <=0.5. A plant can be cultured on the artificial soil by tilling the soil and using as it is as the surface soil of the plowed land to plant a crop, i.e., as the worked soil. The artificial soil may be mixed with a compound fertilizer containing N, P and K and used as the worked soil for the culture of a plant.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention provides artificial soil for use in cultivating various plants;
The present invention also relates to a method for cultivating plants using this artificial soil, and a plant cultivation device using this artificial soil.

[Conventional technology]

Many plants are generally cultivated in fields and gardens, but
When these natural soils do not meet the growth conditions of plants to be cultivated, soil improvers are added to the soil or fertilizers are applied to change the soil to the soil necessary for growing plants.

Examples of special soils used to improve soil include river sand mixed with ceramic fragments and charcoal, Kanuma soil produced in the Kanuma region of the Tochigi region, and peat-like humus formed by the accumulation of moss necks. Also known are peat moss, and leaf humus made from accumulated humus from evergreen and deciduous trees.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, these natural soils have different properties depending on the location and contain many bacteria, so it requires deep experience to select plants suitable for the soil or improve the soil. Moreover, when growing plants, careful management is required to prevent and exterminate pests, so there is a problem that it is not always easy to grow plants.

In view of the current situation, this invention makes it possible to easily create soil that is extremely lightweight compared to natural soil and is optimal for plants to be cultivated, either by itself or by adding nutrients necessary for plant growth. Obtained.

Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial soil in which it is easy to cultivate and grow plants, a method for cultivating plants using this artificial soil, and an apparatus for cultivating plants using the artificial soil.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the artificial soil of the present invention is made by fermenting the crushed material obtained by crushing waste wood infected by wood-decaying fungi into chips, and carbonizing the obtained fermentation product at low temperature. It is characterized by being made of wood.

In the artificial soil of this invention, waste wood that has been attacked by wood-decaying fungi specifically refers to shiitake wood, nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and other mushroom logs that have been used for cultivating mushroom logs and which no longer produce mushrooms. Any type of dead tree other than cypress can be used as long as it exists in natural fields and mountains and the inside of the tree has been sufficiently attacked by bacteria that destroy the tree's structure.

The waste material is crushed into chips by passing it through a crusher, etc., and the size of the chips is approximately 5 to 10 cm. Fermentation is carried out in an air atmosphere, but during fermentation, nitrogen sources such as chicken manure and oil lees are added to the chip-shaped crushed material and fermented aerobically, as in the production of normal compost, and the degree of fermentation is It is desirable to perform fermentation to the extent that the crushed material retains its original shape in the form of chips, so-called semi-fermentation, and the period is approximately 3.
It takes about 6 months.

The fermentation product thus obtained is carbonized through a process called carbonization, which involves heating while blocking air, in order to thermally decompose the water and tar contained in the chip-shaped waste material and turn it into a lightweight porous body.

In this carbonization, the fermentation product is heated at a low temperature of around 200°C with air excluded, and the resulting semi-dry distillation product retains the original shape of the chip-shaped crushed product. This is a carbonized black chip material, and the specific gravity of this chip material is approximately 0.5 or less, so it is very light.

The artificial soil made of a large number of chip materials obtained in this way can be cultivated as is and used as the surface soil for planting crops, that is, for cultivating plants.
A large number of chip materials are mixed with organic fertilizers such as chicken manure, oil cake, and bone meal, nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and urea, phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate lime, potash fertilizers such as potassium chloride, or compound fertilizers thereof, etc., and used as soil. , plants can also be grown in this soil.

As mentioned above, this artificial soil has a much lighter specific gravity than soil, so the artificial soil is carried as planting soil or potting soil on a support formed by layering a sheet with appropriate drainage and air permeability on the top surface of the net member. It can also be used as artificial arable land to grow plants.

Further, the artificial cultivated land described above can be supported by a support member so that the height of the plant growing operation is easy, so that an operator can manage the growing of plants while standing.

There are no particular restrictions on the plants that can be cultivated using this artificial soil, but for example, fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, capochas, strawberries, watermelons, kiwis, and melons are suitable.

Hereinafter, an example of a plant cultivation device using artificial soil of the present invention will be described. A sheet having appropriate drainage and air permeability is placed on the upper surface of the net 3 made of synthetic resin which is relatively lightweight and has weather resistance and water resistance. Preferably, sheets 2 made of synthetic resin with a large number of small holes are stacked to form a sheet-like support l, and the artificial soil 8 of the present invention is placed on this support l to an appropriate thickness as planting soil or potting soil. The artificial cultivated land 4 is made of artificial cultivated land 4, and seeds or seedlings 6 of the target plants are planted in this artificial cultivated land 4 to grow the plants.

Therefore, this artificial cultivated land 4 is supported at an appropriate height by a plurality of pillar-shaped supporting members 5 erected on the ground, as shown in FIG. 2, for example.

The grower 7 can carry out plant growth management while standing in the state of X.

Note that the method of supporting one artificial cultivated land 4 in the air is not limited to the above-mentioned columnar support member 5.

[For production]

The artificial soil of this invention uses waste wood that has been attacked by wood-decaying fungi, and since this waste wood is in the state of dead wood with most of its internal tissues destroyed, it is easy to crush into chips and become porous. It is extremely lightweight, and in addition to containing the appropriate amount of fertilizer elements necessary for plant growth due to the composting ingredients it contains, it also has rich water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and is free from bacteria and pests that are harmful to plants. In addition, the rhizomes of the plants are easily entangled with the chip material and the growth rate is high, making it ideal as soil for cultivation or use, making it easy to manage the growth of plants.

Moreover, since it is extremely lightweight compared to natural soil, artificial cultivated land can be built at a height that allows up to nine workers to easily work on it.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Waste wood from sawtooth crossbars used for cultivating logs of Inuniro Eshiitake was crushed into chips with an average diameter of about LOsm using a crusher.

Nitrogen sources such as chicken manure and oil lees were added to the crushed material, and the mixture was aerobically fermented outdoors for about 4 months to obtain a fermented product that retained its original shape in the form of chips.

Next, this fermentation product is kept at a temperature of about 200℃ with air excluded.
A black carbonized chip material having a specific gravity of about 0.56 was obtained by low-temperature carbonization at a temperature of about 3 hours.

This artificial soil made of chip material is mixed with fertilizer, etc. to make soil, and this is placed on the upper surface of the support 1 supported at a height of about 1.4 m by a plurality of columnar support members 5 as shown in FIG. The strawberry seedlings were planted and cultivated.

The strawberries planted in the above soil grew smoothly without any damage from pests and diseases, and grew about 3 times faster than when grown in normal soil.
We were able to harvest a large number of strawberries in the 4/4 period.

In addition, judging from the state of use of this soil, it was estimated that it could be used continuously for strawberry cultivation for at least three years.

Mistake - Owner Using the same equipment as in Example 1 and using the same artificial soil as in Example I, watermelon seedlings were planted.

The watermelon seedlings grew as planned without any damage from pests and diseases, and watermelon with extremely high sugar content was harvested.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The artificial soil of this invention is made of chip material made by crushing and fermenting waste wood infected by wood-decaying fungi, and carbonizing the product obtained by carbonizing it at low temperatures. It is overwhelmingly lightweight, has excellent air permeability, water retention, and fertilizer retention, and because it is organic, it is extremely useful as soil that does not cause environmental pollution. By using waste materials, it can be obtained in large quantities and at low cost.

In addition, since the soil does not contain any bacteria, plant cultivation using this artificial soil has an extremely low risk of infestation with pests and diseases, making it easy to manage, and since the soil is in the form of chips. , the plant roots are easily entangled with the chip material, and the rhizomes develop well, so the plants grow quickly.
It has excellent effects such as being able to shorten the period until harvest and also allowing continuous cropping because the two artificial soil boundaries do not contain soil bacteria.

Moreover, since the cultivation device used for cultivating plants using the artificial soil of the present invention has a very light weight between two artificial soils, the cultivation soil made of this artificial soil.

Plants can be easily cultivated by supporting the soil on a sheet-like support member to create artificial cultivated land, and since it can also be supported at a predetermined height, one worker can manage the cultivation while standing. It has many practical advantages, such as the ability to

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a support member for constructing artificial cultivated land using the artificial soil of the present invention, and Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of an artificial cultivated land constructed by laying the artificial soil of the present invention on the support member. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a method for cultivating plants. l...Support 2...Sheet 3...Net 4...Artificial cultivated land 5...Support member 6...Seedling

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Artificial soil characterized by being made of chip material obtained by crushing waste wood infected by wood-decaying fungi into chips, fermenting the crushed material, and carbonizing the obtained fermentation product at low temperatures. (2) Plant cultivation characterized by growing plants using the artificial soil according to claim 1 as the surface soil of cultivated land, or using the artificial soil as soil to which nutrients necessary for plant growth such as fertilizer are added. Method. (3) The artificial soil according to claim 1 is carried as cultivation soil or soil on a support member formed by stacking a sheet having appropriate drainage and air permeability on the top surface of a net member, thereby creating an artificial cultivated land. A method of cultivating plants characterized by growing them. (4) A plant cultivation device characterized in that the artificial cultivated land according to claim 3 is supported by a support member so as to have a height that is easy to grow plants.