JPH03181379A - Treatment of waste and resource recovering method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the cost of treatments by providing a pyrolysis reaction furnace and a non-utility power generator in treating equipment, decomposing and gasifying waste plastics and using the gas as fuel. CONSTITUTION:The plastic balls screened and discharged from a high-polymer screening machine is supplied to the pyrolysis reaction furnace 36. The plastic balls are then thermally decomposed to a gaseous state in a pyrolysis furnace 42 below a hopper 41. A heating furnace 50 with a burner 45 is installed below the pyrolysis furnace 42 and the pyrolysis reaction is effected by heating the pyrolysis furnace 42 from the outside. The cracked gas is sent to a condenser 47 where the gas acts as a metal catalyst and is cooled by the effect of circulating water. The low boiling gas is thus separated. The gas is introduced through a gas holder 56 into a gas tank 57 and is used as the fuel of the burner 45. Thus, the installation conditions of the equipment are drastically relieved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to the treatment of automobiles, home appliances, and other wastes mainly containing plastics and metals, and to a method for recovering the resources contained therein.

<Conventional technology> Conventionally, for example, when disposing of automobiles, they are separated into metals and non-metals, and the metals are further subdivided into ferrous, non-ferrous, etc. and then recovered as resources. 3
Despite accounting for 0% of total waste, they were disposed of in landfills or incinerated.

Furthermore, the amount of valuable materials that should be recovered as resources for home appliances and OA equipment is small (approximately 40% metals and approximately 60% non-metals).
Therefore, although some of the waste was separated, the majority was disposed of in landfills or incinerated as bulky waste.

In these sorting processes, waste products are dismantled and separated by material group, and then undergo processes such as crushing, magnetic sorting, and specific gravity (air force) sorting, and non-metals are then landfilled or incinerated as described above.

<Problems to be solved by the invention> However, the conventional landfill disposal of plastics and other materials requires a vast amount of land, making it difficult to secure land, especially in urban areas, and increasing transportation and other processing costs. There was a problem. In addition, incineration requires its own incineration equipment, which also causes environmental problems, makes it difficult to secure land, and is inevitably costly.

In particular, since all of these waste treatment facilities are directly connected to environmental problems, the treatment locations and equipment installation locations are strictly regulated from all directions, and private companies are prohibited from installing them due to regional and building standards. The problem is that it cannot be done easily.

<Means for Solving the Problems> The method of the present invention for improving the problem described in item 2 separates solid waste into metals and non-metals using a series of processing equipment and processes, and further, during the process, In a method of separating and processing plastics from non-metals and recovering the processed products as valuable resources, a private power generation device operated by a pyrolysis reactor and a combustion engine is installed in the processing equipment, and the waste is The plastic inside is decomposed in a pyrolysis reactor to gasify or liquefy, and the decomposed gas or decomposed liquid is used as fuel for the combustion engine to generate private power, and the private power generation is used to procure electricity for the processing equipment. It is characterized by

<Operation> In the method of the present invention, valuable resources, mainly metals and plastics, are processed in a series of steps by operating a series of processing equipment from bulky waste such as automobiles and home appliances, and general non-combustible waste. In addition to being effectively collected, the plastic waste is further thermally decomposed and liquefied or gasified in a pyrolysis reactor 36 within the same facility, and these gases or liquefied resins are used to operate a combustion engine within the facility. A generator is driven to supply power to the processing equipment using the decomposed gas or decomposed liquid as an energy source.

<Example> The following is a detailed description of an example of the present invention based on the drawings.
The figure shows a flow sheet of the waste treatment and resource recovery system of the present invention, and the system consists of 1 to 3. System I is a system for treating relatively coarse waste such as automobiles, home appliances, and OA equipment. System ■ is a system that processes non-combustible garbage packed in relatively small bags, and system ■ is a system that performs final processing of plastics that have been separated and processed in systems I, ■, etc. above, and further utilizes energy, and is unique to the method of the present invention. belongs to.

In system ■, bulky items that have been dismantled in advance are transported to Stage 1.
Here, materials with different values as recyclable resources are manually sorted and sorted by the same material as much as possible. Examples of classification of objects processed by this system are as follows.

・Automobiles・Office equipment (desks, chairs, lockers, bookshelves, etc.)・
Motorcycles, bicycles, household appliances (gas stoves, sinks, etc.), corrugated iron, home appliances (refrigerators, washing machines, TVs, microwave ovens, various audio systems, vacuum cleaners, etc.), OA equipment, construction waste (wood chips, concrete, etc.)・Others (reception sets, vents, carpets, futons, freezer cases, display shelves, display cases) Bulky items that have been classified and separated as above will be placed in the following Grand Shear 2 for each classification item. The pellets are fed into a conveyor 3 and sequentially cut into pieces of 30 to 50 cm in size to match the size of the inlet of the next gripper (granulator) 4. The ground shear 2 is a well-known guillotine type cutting machine, and may be hydraulically driven or crankshaft driven.

The cut pieces cut as described above are sent to the gripper 4 on the conveyor 3, and the gripper 4 is used for the rough crushing process in the intermediate processing equipment, and in this embodiment, it is a commonly used rotary hammer. , its basic structure is shown in FIG.

The granulator 4 shown in FIG. 2 has an opening at the top as an input port 5,
A rotary shaft 8 is rotatably supported at the center of a cylindrical casing 7 having a small diameter outlet 6 at the bottom, and brackets 9 and 10 are protruded from the upper and lower ends of the rotary shaft 8.
The bracket9. A hammer shaft 12 supported vertically by a hammer arm 11 projecting radially around the shaft is supported between the IOs.

The hammer shaft 12 itself rotates together with the rotary shaft 8, and a rotary hammer 15 whose base end is pivotally supported along the top surface of the distal end of the hammer arm 11 is attached to the hammer shaft 12, so that the hammer shaft 12 rotates. As the shaft 8 rotates, the rotary hammer 15 rotates to open due to centrifugal force, and the cut material inputted through the input port 5 collides with the rotary hammer 15 and is crushed, and the plastics are separated by the impact and frictional heat. and fall downward. During this falling process, the input material is further hit by the rotating hammer 15 at the bottom rotating at high speed and rotates while contacting the inner surface of the casing 7, so that it is granulated into a round ball shape of 5 to 10 cm and discharged from the discharge port 6. The magnetic separator 1 is then sent to the magnetic separator 1 for the next process via the discharge conveyor 14 and the magnetic separator 16 (Fig. 3).
Sent to 7.

FIG. 3 shows the basic structure of the magnetic separator 17, in which a resin rotating belt 18 provided transversely on the magnetic separator 16 is wound around rotating rollers 19, 19, 19. A strong magnet 20 is placed close to the bottom of the loop of the belt 18.

Among the balls 21 on the magnetic separation conveyor 16, the magnetic material (
Only those (iron-based) are attracted to the bottom of the rotating bell eye 8, and transported and dropped outside the magnetic separation conveyor 16 as the belt rotates.
The balls 2I of non-magnetic material (non-ferrous) remaining on the magnetic separation conveyor 16 are sent to a polymer separator 22 shown in FIG. 4.

The iron scraps separated by the magnetic separator 17 are transferred to the switching conveyor 23
They fall to the top and are manually sorted by material, such as soft iron, steel, steel, etc., and then collected as resources.

The polymer separator 22 consists of a sorting tube 24 that is rotatably supported in the horizontal axis direction and has open front and rear ends, and a discharge hood 26 installed horizontally so as to cover the rear end side of the sorting tube 24. An inlet 27 is formed on the inner periphery of the front half of the cylinder 24 as it rotates.
An intermittent spiral sending blade 28 is attached which sends out the non-ferrous balls thrown in backwards in cooperation with a powerful air blower.

A large number of sorting holes 28 are bored in the peripheral wall of the rear half of the sorting tube 24 for discharging non-ferrous balls 21 having a high specific gravity (metal balls) sent out by air blowing.
Non-metallic balls such as plastic having a low specific gravity are sent rearward from the discharge hood 26 by wind pressure, and plastic and metal are separated.

29 is a conveyor that sends the metal balls discharged from the sorting cylinder 24 to the non-ferrous metal unit/quantity supply device 31. The illustrated polymer separator is generally called a trommel, or may use a nonier type using a magnetic field, a sieve using vibration, or a combination of these.

The metal poles supplied to the non-ferrous metal chute/quantitative supply device 31 are quantitatively supplied onto a sorting conveyor 32, and the sorting conveyor 32 is started and stopped at will so that the metal balls being conveyed can be sorted manually. Here, residues such as aluminum, copper, brass, stainless steel, and others are separated, and small amounts of residues, such as inorganic substances with little utility, are disposed of in a landfill. Other separated and collected materials are stored in storage basins (not shown) for each material and collected as resources.

Meanwhile, from Polymer Encounter Machine 22! If it is necessary to increase the bulk specific gravity, the separately discharged plastic holes are put into a plastic reducing container 33 from the conveyor 29 and reduced in volume. This plastic reduction container 33 has a mechanism that melts and reduces the volume by inserting plastic balls, or a mechanism that uses frictional heat to melt the plastic balls and extrude them into a noodle shape during pressurized conveyance using one type of twin screw screw. is,
It is sent to a storage tank/quantitative supply device 35 via a conveyor 34.

The plastic reduction container 33 may not necessarily be necessary depending on the properties of the plastic material in the next step or the processing capacity of the pyrolysis reactor 36 in the next step.

The storage tank/quantitative supply device 35 stores the plastic material sent by the conveyor 35, and supplies the stored plastic quantitatively to the pyrolysis reactor 36 shown in FIG. 5 according to its processing capacity. The pyrolysis (contact) reactor 36 is a known device that heats plastics to pyrolyze them into a gaseous state, and the plastics treated in System I (or System ■) are introduced into a crusher 43 equipped with a dehydrator. The crushed plastic particles are pulverized into small particles by a blower 46 together with hot air generated by a hot air generator below the pulverizer 43, and then put into a hopper 41 by a blower 46. Ru. The above-mentioned hot air supply is for preventing the temperature inside the pyrolysis furnace 42 from dropping.

Further, below the pyrolysis furnace 42 is a heating furnace 5 equipped with a burner 45.
0 is attached, and the pyrolysis furnace 42 is heated from the outside to perform a pyrolysis reaction.

A small amount of precious metals, inorganic substances, etc. that are not decomposed in the pyrolysis furnace 42 are taken out from the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 42 as a residue containing valuables and recovered as resources.

The gas decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 42 is sent to the condenser 47, which has a built-in metal catalyst and also serves as a cooling device, where it interacts with the metal catalyst and is cooled by the action of circulating water, producing volatile gas with a low boiling point. A gas such as gasoline-based gas is separated and guided to an absorption tower 48, where foreign substances such as solid particles are separated, and then led to a neutralization tank 49 storing water for neutralization treatment.

The liquid separated and discharged from the condenser 47 is separated into an oily component and water in an oil-water separation tank 51, and the oily component (kerosene-like oil) is sent to an underground oil storage tank 53 by a pump '52 and stored therein. On the other hand, the water containing chlorine separated in the oil-water separation tank 51 is led to the neutralization tank 49 via the neutralization device 54. A small amount of the gas separated in the oil-water separation tank 51 is sent to the hydrating micro-explosive combustion device 55 and incinerated.

Gas such as gasoline neutralized in the neutralization tank 49 is led to a gas tank 57 via a gas holder 56 and stored therein.
It is used as fuel for the burner 45.

In general, waste plastics of a certain material that are generated in large quantities can be recycled and treated without thermal decomposition, but since the waste plastics contained in waste are a mixture of many types of plastics, the above-mentioned It is most effective to turn it into oil or gas through thermal decomposition and use it as an energy source, and it also has a reduced weight loss effect and less impact on the environment.

The oil content stored in the storage tank 53 is led to the fuel tank 59 and used as fuel in the diesel private power generation device 6I used for implementing the method of the present invention, and the generated power is sent to the various methods of the present invention via the distribution facility @62. It is used as the equipment power source for driving the equipment and procures power for the entire equipment.

In addition, the remaining oil used as power source fuel for equipment can be recovered as a resource and used for other purposes.

Next, System H for processing general non-combustible garbage will be explained. The composition of average non-combustible garbage in the core cities of the regions and their suburbs is generally as shown in the following table.

Table 1 Of these, except for plastics and residue, conventionally they are sorted and classified and recycled, but in this example, by combining system ■ with system ■, plastics will be recycled and recycled. It is something.

The packaged or bagged noncombustible garbage carried into the noncombustible garbage carry-in stage 71 is put into the input hopper 72 shown in FIG. 6, and sent to the next bag-breaking conveyor 74 by an apron conveyor 73 directly connected thereto.

Additionally, items that can be used or collected as they are, such as glass bottles (raw pins) and paper other than cardboard, are usually brought in separately and are collected as resources.

On the bag-breaking conveyor 74, workers placed on both sides of the conveyor break and disassemble the two packages, and each worker sorts and picks out plastics, cardboard, and paper waste.
The cardboard is compressed and packaged by a waste paper press 75 to reduce transportation and storage costs.

The mixed plastic classified in the above process is repeatedly cut by a twin-screw shearing machine 76, and the mixed plastic is cut into approximately 5cm pieces suitable for pyrolysis.
After it is formed into a size of x, it is sent to the storage tank/quantity supply device 35 described in system (2), and then converted into oil or gas by the method already described in the pyrolysis reactor 36 and reused. .

The shearing machine may be a rotary hammer.

Among the items other than paper and plastics that are separated by the bag-breaking conveyor 74, those that can be collected are sorted and collected as is, but other items are separated by a magnetic separator 77 similar to the magnetic separator 17 described in System I. They are sorted into iron-based waste and non-ferrous waste, and ferrous waste is stored in iron scrap storage example 78 for resource recovery.

The remaining waste sorted by the magnetic separator 77 is sent to a sorting conveyor 79 with workers nearby, where it is manually sorted into aluminum and other nonferrous metals, white (transparent), brown, mixed-color cullet (glass), etc. The glasses are separated and stored in respective storage examples 81 and recovered as resources. Further, a relatively large amount of aluminum is compressed and solidified by an aluminum press machine 82 and recovered as a resource. Residues other than those mentioned above are stored in a residue storage example 83 from the sorting conveyor 79 and disposed of in a landfill.

Note that instead of the diesel private power generation device in the above embodiment, it is also possible to operate the generator using a boiler or the like that uses gas or oil generated from plastic decomposition as fuel to perform private power generation.

<Effects of the Invention> According to the method of the present invention configured as described above, it is possible to treat a large amount of waste, including metals and plastics, regardless of whether it is industrial waste or domestic waste. Not only does it eliminate the need for landfill sites and transportation costs for landfills, it also eliminates the need for incineration equipment and land for incinerating large amounts of waste, as well as environmental problems such as air pollution caused by incinerating large amounts of plastic. It also has the advantage that -
Once the equipment is installed, it can be operated using electricity generated by in-house power generation using waste as an energy source, which can significantly reduce energy costs for treatment.

In particular, in this method, except for a small amount of waste residue, most of it is a resource recovery system as valuable materials, so it is not a so-called "waste treatment business" that mainly involves incineration or landfilling of large amounts of waste, which causes significant environmental damage. It has the advantage that it is not subject to strict legal regulations like waste treatment facilities, and the conditions for installing the facility are significantly relaxed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a flow sheet showing the working process of the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a granulator, which is part of the processing equipment, Figure 3 is a principle diagram of a magnetic separator, and Figure 4 is a polymer separator. Principle diagram, 5th
The same figure shows the pyrolysis contact reactor, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the charging hopper and apron conveyor. Bulky material processing system Non-combustible garbage processing system Plastic processing system Pyrolysis contact reactor Diesel private power generator Fig. Fig. 4 Fig. Fig. 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] A method of separating solid waste into metals and non-metals using a series of processing equipment and processes, further separating and processing plastics from the non-metals during the process, and recovering the processed products as valuable resources. , A private power generation device operated by a pyrolysis reactor and a combustion engine is installed in the above processing equipment, and the plastics in the waste are decomposed in the pyrolysis reactor and gasified or liquefied to produce these decomposed gases or decomposed liquids. A method for processing waste and recovering resources, characterized in that the combustion engine is used as fuel to generate in-house power, and the in-house power generation supplies electricity for a treatment facility.