JPH03182594A - Kerosine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to kerosene, and more particularly to kerosene that has excellent performance as a heating fuel.

[Conventional technology and its issues J Kerosene is widely used as a household heating fuel, but
Users dislike the discomfort caused by the oil getting on their hands and tools when refueling a kerosene stove. In addition, open-type kerosene stoves have the disadvantage that unburnt or incompletely burned hydrocarbon compounds and oxygen-containing compounds are generated during ignition and extinguishing, giving off an unpleasant odor.

Furthermore, the safety and comfort of kerosene stoves that users desire (NOX, hydrocarbon compounds, CO).

(The amount of SO2 etc. generated is small and there is no unpleasant odor)
The level is also increasing year by year. Therefore, the kerosene used in kerosene stoves must be able to fully meet the needs of the users.

As a method to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks generally recognized in kerosene, there is a method using a kerosene vaporization catalyst (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-1
6814), a method of adding a deodorant to kerosene (Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-32003), kerosene consisting of n-paraffins and isoparaffins (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-15038)
Publication No. 0), etc. have been proposed.

However, in the method using a kerosene vaporization catalyst, the catalyst deteriorates over time, making it difficult to maintain clean combustion for a long period of time. The method of adding deodorizing agents to kerosene has not been very effective, not only because its formulation is cumbersome, but also because of the issue of personal taste in odor. Further, kerosene made of n-paraffins and isoparaffins has a problem in that the production cost increases significantly and the kerosene has a high purity.

On the other hand, the present inventors have developed kerosene that satisfies the above requirements and have already filed a patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 83-2649).
No. 29).

As a result of repeated research to develop kerosene with even better performance, the present inventors found that the distillation temperature, sulfur content, aromatic content, and naphthalene content significantly affected flammability, exhaust gas cleanliness, and odor during handling. We have found that there is a relationship between the two, and have completed the present invention.

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance kerosene that has excellent combustibility, high exhaust gas cleanliness, and low odor when handled.

[Means for determining the problem] The kerosene of the present invention has a kerosene flammability deterioration index (KCD) defined by the following formula: (1)
I> is 1.0 or less KCDI -1,95WNA+ 0.06V C>T
22 ot) (2) Sulfur content is 1 per total amount of kerosene
vtppm or less, and the kerosene odor index (KSI) defined by the (3> equation) is 1.
5 or less KSI -0, OIV (≦T +so℃) + 1.
21ogV p.

It is characterized by

In the above formula, WNA is the amount of naphthalene in the total amount of kerosene (
νt%), V (>722° or jl (VOI%) of the fraction with a boiling point exceeding 220°C relative to the total amount of kerosene, V(≦T
180T) represents the ji (vo1%) of the fraction with a boiling point of 180° C. or lower relative to the total amount of kerosene, and vA represents the amount of aromatic components (vo1%) relative to the total amount of kerosene.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail.

The kerosene of the present invention has (1) XCDl51.0, (2
) Sulfur content is 1 wtpp- or less based on the total amount of kerosene,
(3) It is necessary to satisfy all three conditions of KSI*1.5.

If any one of the above conditions is not satisfied, the performance will be poor, which is not preferable.

In other words, the conditions (1) are: j; 1.95 times the naphthalene content (vt%) relative to the total amount of kerosene;
(It shows that the value of KCD 1 calculated by the sum of , for example methylnaphthalene,
Includes ethylnaphthalene, methylacenaphthene, ethylacenaphthene, etc. If the value of KCDI exceeds 1.0, the flammability of kerosene deteriorates, which is not preferable.

Note that the individual values of WNA and v (>T2□) are not particularly limited, but WNA is 0.1 wt% or less, preferably 0.08 wt% or less,
, :) is 10vo1% or less, preferably 9.0vo1%
The following is desirable.

In addition, the kerosene of the present invention has the following conditions as shown in condition (2):
It is necessary that the sulfur content be 1 vtppm or less, preferably 0.5 vtpp or less, based on the total amount of kerosene. When the sulfur content exceeds 1 νtppl, the amount of SO2 in the exhaust gas during combustion increases.

In addition, corrosion of combustion equipment and the like due to combustion exhaust gas increases.

Furthermore, the condition (3) is that the boiling point is 180 for the total amount of kerosene.
0.01 times the amount of fraction below ℃ (vo1%) and 1.2 of the logarithm of the aromatic content Jl (vo1%) with respect to the total amount of kerosene.
This indicates that the value of KSI calculated by the sum of the multiplication factor is 1.5 or less, preferably 1.4 or less. Logarithm here means common logarithm. If the KSI value exceeds 1.6, it is not preferable because the odor during handling becomes large. Note that the individual values of ■(≦T18° and vA are not particularly limited. For example, ■(≦T+5oy
) is large but if VA is small enough to satisfy KSI≦1.5, there is no odor problem; similarly, even if ■ is large, V (≦T+go℃) is below a value that satisfies KSI≦1.5. If so, the odor during handling is sufficiently low.

Just to be sure, the distillation temperature in the present invention is based on JIS
The distillation temperature specified in the fuel part distillation test method of K 2254, the value of the naphthalene content according to the naphthalene content test method (ultraviolet spectrophotometry) of JIS K 227B, and the aromatic content determined by the fuel part of JIS K 253B. The value measured by oil hydrocarbon component testing method (fluorescent indicator adsorption method) is shown, and the sulfur content is the value measured by the ffi@jiIiIN formula oxidation method specified in JIS K 2541. .

Since the kerosene of the present invention satisfies the conditions (1) to (3) above, it has excellent combustibility and exhaust gas cleanliness,
Kerosene has little odor when handled, but in addition, JI
It is preferable that the conditions for No. 1 kerosene specified in S K 2203 are met. That is, the reaction is neutral, the flash point is 40°C or higher, the 95% distillation temperature is 270°C or lower, the smoke point is 23 or higher, and copper plate corrosion (50°C).

3h) is preferably 1 or less, and the color (Saybold) is preferably +25 or more.

The method for producing kerosene of the present invention is arbitrary, and it can also be obtained by distilling crude oil. In addition, by distilling kerosene fractions with low aromatic hydrocarbon content, such as Indonesian Minas crude oil, to obtain crude kerosene containing a large fraction of 180°C to 220°C, and then hydrorefining it. You can also get it. In addition, the aromatic hydrocarbon content is 10 vol.
% or more of kerosene fraction, the kerosene of the present invention can be obtained by hydrogenating aromatic hydrocarbons and reforming them into naphthenic hydrocarbons and the like. Furthermore, it is also possible to use a kerosene fraction obtained by subjecting heavy gas oil to a hydrogen cracking apparatus, a so-called hydrogen cracking apparatus.

The kerosene of the present invention may optionally contain antioxidants such as phenolics and amines, metal deactivators such as ship-type compounds and thioamide-type compounds, surface ignition inhibitors such as organophosphorus compounds, and succinic acid. imide, polyalkylamine,
Cleaning and dispersing agents such as polyether amines, anti-icing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of atom acids, combustion improvers such as sulfuric esters of higher alcohols, anionic surfactants , cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and other known fuel oil additives, including antistatic agents such as cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and colorants such as azo dyes, may be added singly or in combination. The amount of these fuel additives added is arbitrary, but usually the total amount added is 0.005 to 0.5 weight 1i19 tl, preferably 0.5 to 19 tl. O ranges from 1 to 0.05% by weight.

The kerosene of the present invention is preferably used in so-called consumer heating equipment, such as various types of stoves and kerosene oil dispensers, but is most preferably used as a fuel for open-type kerosene stoves such as top-and-bottom wick type kerosene stoves and kerosene fan heaters. used. Furthermore, it can be preferably used in various applications such as direct-fired food drying fuel, industrial fuel, petroleum engine fuel, and solvent.

[Examples] Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

Example 1 A kerosene fraction of Sumatran crude oil obtained from Trapar was treated in a kerosene hydrorefining unit filled with a nickel-molybdenum catalyst. Processing conditions are 320℃, 40kg/
a', L) It was ISV-4. Obtained refined oil (A)
was precisely distilled to obtain high quality kerosene with a boiling point range of 166.5-230°C. The properties are shown in Table 1. This oil W
NA was 0.05, V (> T 2zow) was 6.0, and KCDI was 0.45 Te. Also v(≦Te8
or) is 30.0, vA is 8.8, and KSI is 1.
It became 43. Moreover, the sulfur content was below IpP-.

Example 2 The refined oil (A) obtained in Example 1 was precision distilled to obtain a fraction with a boiling point range of 164.5 to 230.5°C. Its properties are shown in Table-1. This oil (')WNA is 0.06, V(>
T2zo°C) is 8.5, and KCDI is 0.61. Also, v (51188°C) is 30.0. VA is 11.7 and KSr is 1.42. In addition, the sulfur content was below lpp garden.

Example 3 Commercially available Arabian JIS No. 1 kerosene was nuclear-hydrogenated using a platinum catalyst so that the total aromatic content was 10% or less, and further precision distillation was performed to reduce the boiling point range from 185.5 to 232.5.
℃ obtained high quality kerosene. The properties of the obtained oil are shown in Table 1. The WNA of this oil is 0.1, V (>72□.℃
) is 6.5, and KCDI is 0.59. Furthermore, V (≦T180℃) is 27.5, ■9 is 8.0,
[81 becomes l, 36. The sulfur content in this ura is 1 ppm.
It was below.

Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Purification/1II (A) of the Sumatra system shown in Example 1 was used without rectification (Comparative Example 1), Purification/d3 (A) was rectified to remove heavy components. A removed oil (Comparative Example 2) and an oil from which light components of refined oil (A) were removed (Comparative Example 3) were produced.

Table 1 shows the properties of each sample oil. KC of these sample oils
DI is L, 2L O, 45 and 1.74 respectively,
The KSI is 1.52, 1.57 and 1.19, respectively.

Comparative Example 4.5 A commercially available Arabian JIS No. 1 kerosene (Comparative Example 4) and a sample oil (Comparative Example 5) were produced by precision distilling it to remove light and heavy components. Table 1 shows the properties of each sample oil.

The KCD l of these sample oils were 2.66 and 2.66, respectively.
32, and the KSIs are 1.73 and 1.62, respectively.

The following tests were conducted using the kerosene of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

1. Odor sensory test (during handling) An odor sensory test was conducted for each sample oil by 20 subjects assuming the odor during handling. In the test, 80 cc of each sample was placed in a 100 cc glass container with a stopper, the stopper was opened for 10 seconds, the odor of the sample was smelled during the latter 5 seconds, and the odor intensity was evaluated using the 6-level odor intensity rating shown in Table 2. It was measured using a scale. The results are shown in Table-3.

Table 2 Table 3 2. Using the sample oils of Stove Combustion Test Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, a wick up-and-down type stove (manufactured by Matsushita Electric) was used under combustion conditions with the wick scale set to the smallest. , continuous combustion was performed for 1000 hours. Differences in flammability due to differences in fuel are shown by changes in fuel consumption during the combustion period, with the time at the start of combustion set as 100. Furthermore, the degree of dirt on the wick after 1000 hours of combustion was measured using commercially available JIS standards.
Aj was determined as the degree of blackening of the wick in five stages (1 being the least dirty), with No. 1 kerosene being 5. The results are shown in Figure 1.

As is clear from the test results of the odor sensory test and the stove combustion test, the kerosene of the present invention has less odor when handled than the kerosene of the comparative example, has a significantly smaller decrease in fuel consumption, and has less blackening of the wick. The degree of combustion was 1 in all cases, demonstrating that the combustibility was good. Furthermore, since the kerosene of the present invention has good flammability, it has been confirmed that it has less odor during ignition and extinguishing than the sample oil of the comparative example, and also has less unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide during steady combustion. did. The kerosene of Comparative Example 2 had a reduction in fuel consumption and the degree of blackening of the wick, which were equivalent to those of the present invention, but the odor during handling was large, and the kerosene of Comparative Example 3
The kerosene has an odor equivalent to that of the present invention when handled, but is significantly inferior in terms of fuel consumption and degree of blackening of the wick.

C Effects of the Invention] The high-quality kerosene of the present invention has almost no odor when handled compared to the conventional JIS No. 1 commercially available kerosene, and has good flammability, making it a top-bottom type kerosene that is most sensitive to oil properties. Even when used in a stove, the decrease in fuel consumption is extremely small, and the wick is hardly contaminated. Furthermore, the combustion exhaust gas is clean, which is thought to meet the people's desire to lead a healthier family life.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the stove combustion test (changes in fuel consumption and degree of blackening of the wick in a stove with an upper and lower wick).

Claims (1)

[Claims] [1] (1) Formula 1.95W_N_A+0.06V (>T
Kerosene flammability deterioration index (K
CDI) is 1.0 or less, (2) the sulfur content is 1wtppm or less based on the total amount of kerosene, and (3) formula 0.01V (≦T_1_8_0_℃) + 1.2
The kerosene odor index (KSI) expressed as logV_A is 1.
Kerosene characterized by having a concentration of 5 or less. [In the formula, W_N_A is the amount of naphthalene (wt%) based on the total amount of kerosene, and V (>T_2_2_0_℃) is the amount (vol%) of the fraction with a boiling point exceeding 220°C based on the total amount of kerosene.
, V (≦T_1_8_0_°C) represents the amount (vol%) of fractions with a boiling point of 180°C or less relative to the total amount of kerosene, and V_A represents the amount (vol%) of aromatic components relative to the total amount of kerosene. [2] The kerosene according to claim 1, which is obtained by distilling crude oil.