JPH03187988A - Method for compounding and reinforcing ceramic substrate - Google Patents
Method for compounding and reinforcing ceramic substrateInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03187988A JPH03187988A JP32644689A JP32644689A JPH03187988A JP H03187988 A JPH03187988 A JP H03187988A JP 32644689 A JP32644689 A JP 32644689A JP 32644689 A JP32644689 A JP 32644689A JP H03187988 A JPH03187988 A JP H03187988A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- ceramics
- ceramic substrate
- polymer
- voids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001795 coordination polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cookers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） この発明はセラミックス基材の複合強化方法に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a method for composite reinforcement of ceramic substrates.
（従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課Ｉｇ）従来
、第２図に示しているように電気調理器の天板１００を
結晶化ガラスにて構成したものが知られている。(Issue Ig to be Solved by the Prior Art and the Invention) Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 2, it is known that the top plate 100 of an electric cooker is made of crystallized glass.
しかしながらこの結晶化ガラスの天板
１００は１機械的強度、特に耐衝撃強度が弱い欠点があ
り、そこで本発明者等は天板をセラミックスにて構成す
ることを考え、種々研究−実験を行って機械的強度、耐
熱衝撃性に優れたセラミックス板を開発した。第３図は
その電気調理器板の具体的構造例を示している０図にお
いて１０２はセラミックス板であって、表面側に釉薬１
０４が施してあり、また裏面側からヒータ配設用凹所１
０６が設けられてそこにヒータ１０８が収容された上、
開口部がセラミックス板１１０にて閉塞され、更にその
裏面側に金属、セラミックス材等から成る底板１１２が
配設されている。However, this top plate 100 made of crystallized glass has a drawback in that its mechanical strength, especially its impact strength, is weak. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention considered constructing the top plate from ceramics, and conducted various research and experiments. We have developed a ceramic plate with excellent mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance. FIG. 3 shows a specific example of the structure of the electric cooking device board. In FIG.
04 is provided, and there is also a recess 1 for heater installation from the back side.
06 is provided and the heater 108 is housed therein,
The opening is closed with a ceramic plate 110, and a bottom plate 112 made of metal, ceramic material, etc. is disposed on the back side of the ceramic plate 110.
ところでこの電気調理器のセラミックス板にあっては、
ヒータによる加熱部分をできるだけ高温にすることが必
要であり、そのためにはヒータ配設部位の板厚をある程
度薄くせざるを得ない。By the way, regarding the ceramic plate of this electric cooker,
It is necessary to make the portion heated by the heater as high as possible, and for this purpose, the plate thickness of the portion where the heater is provided must be made thinner to some extent.
しかしながら厚みを薄くすると、その部分の強度が低下
してしまうこととなり、その上に物品等が落下したとき
に回部にクラックが発生したり１割れたりしてしまう恐
れがある。However, if the thickness is made thinner, the strength of that part will be reduced, and there is a risk that the round part will crack or break when an article or the like falls onto it.
帽１を解決するための手段）
本発明はこのような課題を解決するためになされたもの
であり、その要旨は、それ自身若しくは溶剤に溶かすこ
とによって液状を成し、加熱によりセラミックスに転換
する強化剤をセラミックス基材に含浸させて該セラミッ
クス基材の空隙に充填し、しかる後加熱により該強化剤
をセラミックスに転換せしめることにある。Means for Solving Cap 1) The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and its gist is to form a liquid by itself or by dissolving it in a solvent, and to convert it into ceramics by heating. The purpose of this method is to impregnate a ceramic base material with a reinforcing agent, fill the voids in the ceramic base material, and then convert the reinforcing agent into ceramics by heating.
（作用及び発明の効果）
このように、本発明はセラミックス基材の空隙に同質材
料であるセラミックスを充填するようにし、その手段と
して液状を成す強化剤をセラミックス基材に含浸させて
空隙を埋め、その後加熱によりこれをセラミックスに転
換させるようにしたものである。(Operation and Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention fills the voids in the ceramic base material with ceramic, which is a homogeneous material, and as a means for this purpose, the ceramic base material is impregnated with a liquid reinforcing agent to fill the voids. This is then converted into ceramics by heating.
ところで加熱処理前においては液状を成し、加熱によっ
てセラミックスに転換する材料は、従来、種々のものが
知られている。これにはｓｍ系のものと有機系のものと
があり、無機系のものとしては例えば次のようなものが
ある。By the way, various materials are conventionally known that are in a liquid state before heat treatment and are converted into ceramics by heating. There are sm type and organic types, and examples of inorganic types include the following.
（イ）リン酸塩
Ｍ２０ｓ ｎＰ２Ｏ５（ＭはＡＩ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ等）で示
される重リン酸塩の水溶液から成り、加熱脱水するとＰ
−０−ＰやＰ−０−Ｍ−０−Ｐのような鎖状構造を形成
する。(a) Phosphate M20s Consists of an aqueous solution of biphosphate represented by nP2O5 (M is AI, Mg, Ca, etc.), and when heated and dehydrated, P20s
Forms chain structures such as -0-P and P-0-M-0-P.
（ｏ）アルカリ金属ケイ酸塩
Ｍ２０１１ ｎ５ｉｏ？ （ＭはＬｉ、Ｈａ、に等）で
表おされ、水の蒸発により５ｉ−０−９ｉの網目構造か
ら成るガラス質を形成する。(o) Alkali metal silicate M2011 n5io? (M is represented by Li, Ha, etc.), and forms a glassy substance having a 5i-0-9i network structure by evaporation of water.
（ハ）シリカゲル
無水ケイ酸のコロイド水溶液であり、高温加熱によりＳ
ｉ −０のシロキサン結合数が増加する。(c) Silica gel is a colloidal aqueous solution of silicic anhydride, and when heated at high temperature, S
The number of siloxane bonds at i-0 increases.
（ニ）アルコキシド
Ｍ （ＯＲ）ｎ （ＭはＳｉ 、 Ｔｉ 、 ＡＩ
、 Ｚｒ等、Ｒはアルキル基）溶液を加水分解して得ら
れるゾルをゲル化した後、加熱するとＭＯｎのセラミッ
クス薄膜を形成する。(d) Alkoxide M (OR)n (M is Si, Ti, AI
, Zr, etc., where R is an alkyl group) A sol obtained by hydrolyzing a solution is gelled, and then heated to form a MOn ceramic thin film.
また有機系のものとしては例えば次のものがある。Examples of organic materials include the following.
（ネ）ホリシロキサン（シリコン）
主鎖が５ｆ−０でケイ素原子にメチル基、フェニル基が
結合したポリマーである。(f) Holisiloxane (silicon) A polymer whose main chain is 5f-0 and has a methyl group and a phenyl group bonded to a silicon atom.
（へ）ポリボロシロキサン 主鎖がＳｉ −０−Ｂで示されるポリマーである。(to) Polyborosiloxane This is a polymer whose main chain is represented by Si-0-B.
またこの他、新規に開発された次のポリマー即ちＳｉ
−Ｃ骨格からなる直鎖状ポリマーをチタンアルコキシド
にて橋かけ結合させた網目状の有機金属ポリマーを主成
分とし、加熱によりＳｉ −Ｔｉ −Ｃ−０系セラミッ
クスを生成するものがある。In addition, the following newly developed polymers, namely Si
There is a type of ceramics whose main component is a network-like organometallic polymer in which a linear polymer consisting of a -C skeleton is cross-linked with titanium alkoxide, and which produces Si-Ti-C-0 ceramics by heating.
このように液状から加熱によりセラミックスに転換する
ものは種々あるが、但しこれらは従来何れもセラミック
ス塗料として市販され、基材の上にコーティングするこ
とにより機能を高めるために用いられているものである
。There are various types of materials that can be converted from a liquid state into ceramics by heating, but all of these have been commercially available as ceramic paints and have been used to enhance functionality by coating on base materials. .
本発明ではこれをセラミックス基材に含浸させて空隙を
埋める充填材として用いる点に特徴がある。而してこの
ようにすると、セラミックス基材に存していた空隙が同
質のセラミックス材にて埋められることとなり１強度が
効果的に向上する。The present invention is characterized in that it is used as a filler to fill voids by impregnating it into a ceramic base material. By doing so, the voids existing in the ceramic base material are filled with the ceramic material of the same quality, and the strength is effectively improved.
従ってこれを電気調理器のセラミックス板に適用した場
合、セラミックス板の厚みを薄くした場合にも、物品落
下時に割れ防止できるようになり、且つ厚みが薄いこと
によって表面到達温度も高めることができる。Therefore, when this is applied to a ceramic plate for an electric cooker, even if the thickness of the ceramic plate is reduced, it is possible to prevent cracking when an item is dropped, and the thinner thickness also makes it possible to increase the temperature reached at the surface.
尚、本発明は従来知られているセラミックス塗料を本来
の目的と異なって強化剤、即ち空隙への充填材として用
いるものであり、そこでかかる強化剤としては、加熱処
理前においては有機ポリマーであって含浸性が良く、ま
た加熱処理したとき重量変化の少ない上記ポリチタノカ
ルボシラン（例えばチラノポリマーとして宇部興産（株
）から市販されている）を主成分とするものを用いるの
が望ましい。In addition, in the present invention, a conventionally known ceramic paint is used as a reinforcing agent, that is, a filler for voids, which is different from its original purpose. It is desirable to use a polytitanocarbosilane whose main component is the above-mentioned polytitanocarbosilane (for example, commercially available as Tyranopolymer from Ube Industries, Ltd.), which has good impregnation properties and shows little change in weight when heat treated.
（実施例）
次に本発明を電気調理器のセラミックス板に適用した場
合の実施例を図面に基づいて詳しく説明する。(Example) Next, an example in which the present invention is applied to a ceramic plate for an electric cooker will be described in detail based on the drawings.
第１図において１０は低熱膨張、耐熱衝撃性のセラミッ
クス板であって、裏面側から凹所１２が形成され、その
凹所１２内にヒータ１４が配設されるようになっている
。In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a ceramic plate having low thermal expansion and thermal shock resistance, in which a recess 12 is formed from the back side, and a heater 14 is disposed within the recess 12.
このセラミックス板ｌＯは、（Ｂ）に示しているように
内部に存する空隙内にＳｉ −Ｔｉ −Ｃ−０系のセラ
ミックス１６が充填されて成り、これにより補強がなさ
れている。ここで空隙内のセラミックス１６は、主とし
て以下の如き基本構造単位から（以下余白）
０１Ｈ。As shown in (B), this ceramic plate 1O is made up of a void existing inside thereof filled with a Si-Ti-C-0 ceramic 16, thereby providing reinforcement. Here, the ceramics 16 in the void are mainly composed of the following basic structural units (blank below) 01H.
＋Ｓｉ −ＣＨ２＋ｉ＝１
ＲＯ−Ｔｉ−ＯＲ
÷Ｓｉ −ＣＨ２−）７１
ＣＨ３
（Ｒ： ＣｎＨ２ｎ−１）
成るポリチタノカルボシラン、即ち主としてカルボシラ
ン骨格（Ｓｉ−Ｃ）から威る直鎖状ポリマーをチタンア
ルコキシドにより橋かけ結合させた分子ｉ５０００程度
の網目状ポリマー（宇部興産（株）からチラノポリマー
として市販されているもの）をセラミックス板ｌＯに含
浸させた後、加熱処理して炭化ケイ素セラミックスに転
換させたものである。+Si -CH2+i=1 RO-Ti-OR ÷Si -CH2-)71 CH3 (R: CnH2n-1) A polytitanocarbosilane, that is, a linear polymer mainly composed of a carbosilane skeleton (Si-C), is made of titanium. A ceramic plate IO is impregnated with a network polymer with molecules of about i5000 (commercially available from Ube Industries, Ltd. as tyranopolymer) cross-linked with alkoxide, and then heated and converted into silicon carbide ceramics. It is something that
本例のセラミックス板ｌＯは、空隙が同質材であるセラ
ミックスにて充填されているために強度が強く、従って
ヒータ配設部位を薄く形成した場合においても物品落下
時等に割れを生じない。The ceramic plate IO of this example has high strength because the voids are filled with ceramic, which is a homogeneous material, and therefore does not crack when an article is dropped, even if the heater installation portion is made thin.
また厚みが薄いから、ヒーター４により加熱されて高温
に達し、調理器板としての機能も向上する。Moreover, since it is thin, it is heated by the heater 4 to reach a high temperature, and its function as a cooking plate is improved.
以上本発明の実施例を詳述したが、本発明はその他の態
様において実施することも可能である。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention can also be implemented in other embodiments.
例えば上記電気調理器板としての構造は他の様々な構造
が可能であるし、また本発明はかかる電気調理器板とし
てのセラミックス板のみならず、セラミックス基材一般
の強化方法として適用可能である。更に強化剤として上
記例示以外のものの使用も可能であるなど、本発明はそ
の主旨を逸脱しない範囲において、当業者の知識に基づ
き種々変更を加えた態様で実施可能である。For example, various other structures are possible for the electric cooker board, and the present invention is applicable not only to ceramic plates used as electric cooker plates, but also as a method for strengthening ceramic substrates in general. . Furthermore, it is possible to use reinforcing agents other than those exemplified above, and the present invention can be practiced with various modifications based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit thereof.
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図（＾）は本発明を電気調理器のセラミックス板に
適用した場合の要部断面図であり、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）の要
部詳細図、第２図は従来の電気調理器板を示す図、第３
図は本発明者の案出に係る電気鋼理器板の要部概略構成
図である。
１０：セラミックス板
１２：凹所
１４：ヒータ
０[Brief Description of the Drawings] Figure 1 (^) is a sectional view of the main part when the present invention is applied to a ceramic plate of an electric cooker, and (B) is a detailed view of the main part of (A). Figure 3 shows a conventional electric cooking board.
The figure is a schematic diagram of the main parts of an electric steel machine plate devised by the present inventor. 10: Ceramic plate 12: Recess 14: Heater 0
Claims (3)
を成し、加熱によりセラミックスに転換する強化剤をセ
ラミックス基材に含浸させて該セラミックス基材の空隙
に充填し、しかる後加熱により該強化剤をセラミックス
に転換せしめることを特徴とするセラミックス基材の複
合強化方法。(1) A reinforcing agent that becomes liquid by itself or by dissolving it in a solvent and converts into ceramics by heating is impregnated into a ceramic base material and filled into the voids of the ceramic base material, and then heated to remove the reinforcing agent. A method for composite reinforcement of ceramic base materials, characterized by converting them into ceramics.
であることを特徴とする請求項（１）に記載の複合強化
方法。(2) The composite strengthening method according to claim (1), wherein the ceramic base material is a ceramic plate for a cooker.
鎖状ポリマーをチタンアルコキシドにて橋かけ結合させ
た網目状の有機金属ポリマーを主成分とし、加熱により
Ｓｉ−Ｔｉ−Ｃ−Ｏ系セラミックスを生成するものであ
る請求項（１）又は（２）に記載の複合強化方法。(3) The reinforcing agent is mainly composed of a network-like organometallic polymer in which linear polymers mainly composed of Si-C skeletons are cross-linked with titanium alkoxide, and by heating, Si-Ti-C-O system is formed. The composite strengthening method according to claim (1) or (2), which produces ceramics.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32644689A JPH03187988A (en) | 1989-12-15 | 1989-12-15 | Method for compounding and reinforcing ceramic substrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32644689A JPH03187988A (en) | 1989-12-15 | 1989-12-15 | Method for compounding and reinforcing ceramic substrate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03187988A true JPH03187988A (en) | 1991-08-15 |
Family
ID=18187899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32644689A Pending JPH03187988A (en) | 1989-12-15 | 1989-12-15 | Method for compounding and reinforcing ceramic substrate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03187988A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010532303A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2010-10-07 | フィブ−サーヴィシーズ アンテルナシオナル ソシエテ アノニム | Processing method for chambers with fire walls |
-
1989
- 1989-12-15 JP JP32644689A patent/JPH03187988A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010532303A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2010-10-07 | フィブ−サーヴィシーズ アンテルナシオナル ソシエテ アノニム | Processing method for chambers with fire walls |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4204021A (en) | Article of manufacture having composite layer affording abrasion resistant and release properties | |
| US5780163A (en) | Multilayer coating for microelectronic devices | |
| US6372290B1 (en) | Method of making a temperature and scratch resistant anti-sticking coating | |
| RU99111371A (en) | OPEN CONTAINER FOR HEATING FOOD AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURE | |
| CN1241232A (en) | Food baking tray and its manufacturing method | |
| JPH04503798A (en) | Method for fiber reinforced ceramic honeycomb | |
| CN101139513A (en) | Organosilicon thermostable heat-conductive bonding agent | |
| JP2014240352A (en) | Reinforcement of glass-ceramic plate or glass plate and reinforced plate | |
| US20070275241A1 (en) | Hybrid Inorganic Polymer Systems | |
| US3493461A (en) | Glass fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride resin article and process therefor | |
| JP2007530404A5 (en) | ||
| CN102675648A (en) | High-temperature resistant zirconium silicon resin containing zirconium in frame structure and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102971275B (en) | Method for producing a carrier for a household appliance and a hob for an induction hob produced by the corresponding method | |
| Birkner et al. | Basalt fiber reinforced polymers with improved thermal and mechanical properties by combination of twin polymerization with epoxide chemistry | |
| JPH04101842A (en) | Composite material | |
| US20040038029A1 (en) | Ceramic fiber insulation impregnated with an infra-red retardant coating and method for production thereof | |
| JP2687182B2 (en) | Composite material | |
| JP2928126B2 (en) | FIBER MOLDED BODY AND COATING METHOD THEREOF | |
| KR101410833B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing insulation block | |
| JPH05179027A (en) | Laminate hard coat film for protecting surface of plastics and its production | |
| JPH08268735A (en) | Heat resistant laminated glass | |
| KR102295705B1 (en) | Heat resistant Coating Composition For Protection of Metal And Manufacturing Methods For The Same | |
| JPS5899388A (en) | Method of executing heat insulating and waterproof layer | |
| JPH01300105A (en) | Road surface heater | |
| JPH05295563A (en) | Metallic material having coating film and its production |