JPH03213614A - Exhaust gas disposing device for diesel engine - Google Patents
Exhaust gas disposing device for diesel engineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03213614A JPH03213614A JP2009164A JP916490A JPH03213614A JP H03213614 A JPH03213614 A JP H03213614A JP 2009164 A JP2009164 A JP 2009164A JP 916490 A JP916490 A JP 916490A JP H03213614 A JPH03213614 A JP H03213614A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous solution
- injector
- diesel engine
- exhaust gas
- urea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の目的］
〈産業上の利用分野〉
本発明はディーゼルエンジンの排気中に含まれる窒素酸
化物を低減するための排気処理装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to an exhaust treatment device for reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
〈従来の技術〉
ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス中には、窒素酸化物（Ｎ
Ｏｘ）、遊離炭素（Ｃ）、炭化水素（Ｃ＊ Ｈ（ｓ＋２
１ 、アルデヒド（Ｃ−Ｈ（２−＋□、ＣＨＯ）等が含
まれているが、特に窒素酸化物を可及的に除去すること
が望まれており、例えば特開昭６３１９０６２３号公報
には、排気中に尿素水溶液を適量注入して触媒反応によ
り窒素酸化物を分解し、除去する方法が開示されている
。この方法によれば尿素水溶液の注入量を調節すること
により、例えばアンモニアを排気中に注入して窒素酸化
物を除去する方法等に比較して、未反応のアンモニアガ
ス等が大気中に放出される等の心配がなく、好適に窒素
酸化物を除去することができる。<Prior art> Nitrogen oxides (N) are present in the exhaust gas of diesel engines.
Ox), free carbon (C), hydrocarbons (C* H(s+2
1, aldehydes (C-H(2-+□, CHO), etc. are included, but it is particularly desired to remove nitrogen oxides as much as possible. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63190623 , a method is disclosed in which an appropriate amount of urea aqueous solution is injected into the exhaust gas to decompose and remove nitrogen oxides through a catalytic reaction. According to this method, by adjusting the amount of urea aqueous solution injected, for example, ammonia can be removed from the exhaust gas. Compared to the method of removing nitrogen oxides by injecting them into the atmosphere, there is no fear that unreacted ammonia gas or the like will be released into the atmosphere, and nitrogen oxides can be suitably removed.
しかるに、ディーゼルエンジンの排気中には上記したよ
うに遊離炭素が多く含まれていることから、触媒に炭素
が付着して窒素酸化物の還元反応が起こり難くなるばか
りでなく、触媒を網目状に形成した場合等にこの網目が
目詰し、排気効率が低下する問題がある。従って、比較
的頻繁に触媒を交換する必要があり、その管理が煩雑に
なりがちであった。However, as mentioned above, diesel engine exhaust contains a large amount of free carbon, which not only adheres to the catalyst and makes it difficult for the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides to occur, but also causes the catalyst to become mesh-like. When the mesh is formed, there is a problem that the mesh becomes clogged and the exhaust efficiency decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the catalyst relatively frequently, and its management tends to be complicated.
〈発明が解決しようとする課題〉
このような従来技術の問題点に鑑み、本発明の主な目的
は、簡単な構造をもって好適に排気中の窒素酸化物を低
減し得ると共に未反応のアンモニアガス等が大気中に放
出されず、かつ装置の管理が容易なディーゼルエンジン
の排気処理構造を提供することにある。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In view of the problems of the prior art, the main object of the present invention is to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust air with a simple structure and to eliminate unreacted ammonia gas. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust treatment structure for a diesel engine, which does not emit gas into the atmosphere and allows easy management of the device.
［発明の構成コ
く課題を解決するための手段〉
このような目的は、本発明によれば、ディーゼルエンジ
ンの排気中に含まれる窒素酸化物を低減するための排気
処理装置であって、前記エンジンの燃焼室及び該燃焼室
近傍の排気通路のいずれか一方に向けて所定のタイミン
グで尿素水溶液を噴射するインジェクタを設けたことを
特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排気処理装置を提供す
ることにより達成される。[Structure of the Invention and Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, an exhaust treatment device for reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine is provided. This is achieved by providing an exhaust treatment device for a diesel engine, characterized in that it is provided with an injector that injects an aqueous urea solution at a predetermined timing toward either a combustion chamber of the engine or an exhaust passage near the combustion chamber. Ru.
〈作用〉
このようにすれば、尿素及び水が比較的高い温度の排気
ガスと接触することから、触媒を用いることなく排気ガ
ス中の窒素酸化物と好適に反応して該窒素酸化物を還元
することができる。特に排気通路下流に触媒コンバータ
を設ければ、−層好適に窒素酸化物を還元して除去する
ことができる。<Effect> In this way, since urea and water come into contact with the exhaust gas at a relatively high temperature, they react appropriately with nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas and reduce the nitrogen oxides without using a catalyst. can do. In particular, if a catalytic converter is provided downstream of the exhaust passage, nitrogen oxides can be reduced and removed in a preferable manner.
〈実施例〉
以下、本発明の好適実施例を添付の図面について詳しく
説明する。<Embodiments> Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は本発明が適用されたディーゼルエンジンの模式
的な構成図である。当該エンジンのシリンダブロック１
により郭成されたシリンダボア１ａにはピストン２が受
容されている。このピストン２は、図示されないクラン
クシャフトにコンロッド３を介して連結され、シリンダ
ボア１ａ内を上下に往復動するようになっている。また
、シリンダボア１ａの上部にはシリンダブロック１及び
シリンダヘッド５により燃焼室４が郭成されている。シ
リンダヘッド５の中央部には燃料を該燃焼室に向けて噴
射するべく、図示されないバルブ及びポンプを介して燃
料タンクに連結されたインジェクタ６が配設されている
。更に、燃焼室４にはシリンダヘッド５に郭成された吸
気通路７及び排気通路８が連通しており、図示されない
動弁機構により駆動される吸気弁９及び排気弁１０によ
り所定のタイミングで選択的に開閉するようになってい
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diesel engine to which the present invention is applied. Cylinder block 1 of the engine
A piston 2 is received in a cylinder bore 1a defined by. This piston 2 is connected to a crankshaft (not shown) via a connecting rod 3, and is configured to reciprocate up and down within the cylinder bore 1a. Further, a combustion chamber 4 is defined by a cylinder block 1 and a cylinder head 5 above the cylinder bore 1a. An injector 6 connected to a fuel tank via a valve and a pump (not shown) is disposed in the center of the cylinder head 5 to inject fuel into the combustion chamber. Further, the combustion chamber 4 is communicated with an intake passage 7 and an exhaust passage 8 formed in the cylinder head 5, which are selected at a predetermined timing by an intake valve 9 and an exhaust valve 10 driven by a valve mechanism (not shown). It is designed to open and close at different times.
一方、排気通路８に於ける排気温度が８５０℃以上とな
る燃焼室４近傍位置には、後記する尿素水溶液を排気通
路８内に噴射するべく、ポンプ及びバルブを内蔵するポ
ンプ−バルブユニット１３に連結されたインジェクタ１
２が配設されている。On the other hand, in a position near the combustion chamber 4 where the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust passage 8 is 850° C. or higher, a pump-valve unit 13 containing a pump and a valve is installed in order to inject an aqueous urea solution, which will be described later, into the exhaust passage 8. connected injector 1
2 are arranged.
このポンプ−バルブユニット１３は、尿素水溶液を貯留
するタンク１４に接続されている。また、上記した燃料
用インジェクタ６及び尿素水溶液用インジェクタ１２は
同一の制御ユニット１６によりその噴射タイミングが制
御されるようになっている。従って、部品点数が削減さ
れるばかりでなく各インジェクタの制御が容易になって
いる。尚、実際には制御ユニット１６は各インジェクタ
を機械的または電気的に制御するものであって良い。This pump-valve unit 13 is connected to a tank 14 that stores an aqueous urea solution. Further, the injection timings of the fuel injector 6 and the urea aqueous solution injector 12 described above are controlled by the same control unit 16. Therefore, not only the number of parts is reduced, but also the control of each injector becomes easier. Note that in reality, the control unit 16 may be one that mechanically or electrically controls each injector.
また、インジェクタ６とインジェクタ１２とを別々）制
御ユニットにより制御してモ良イ。It is also possible to control the injector 6 and the injector 12 by separate control units.
排気通路８の更に下流側位置には金属触媒等からなる触
媒コンバータ１７が設けられている。Further downstream of the exhaust passage 8, a catalytic converter 17 made of a metal catalyst or the like is provided.
当該ディーゼルエンジンが始動すると、その運転状況に
応じてインジェクタ６から燃料が燃焼室４に噴射される
。そして、排気弁１０が開弁する一排気過程に於てイン
ジェクタ１２から運転負荷、排気温度等に応じた量の尿
素水溶液が所定のタイミングで噴射される。When the diesel engine starts, fuel is injected from the injector 6 into the combustion chamber 4 depending on the operating condition. Then, during one exhaust process in which the exhaust valve 10 opens, an amount of urea aqueous solution is injected from the injector 12 at a predetermined timing according to the operating load, exhaust temperature, etc.
このとき、排気中の窒素酸化物が、
（ＮＦ２）２ＣＯ＋Ｈ２０→２ＮＨ３’ ＋Ｃ０２（１
）
４ＮＨ３＊＋４ＮＯ＋０２→４Ｎ ２＋６Ｈ２０（２）
に示す反応により好適に還元され除去される。ここで、
活性化アンモニアＮＨ３’は窒素酸化物との反応性が高
いことから、硫酸アンモニウム等が発生する心配がなく
、かつ尿素水溶液の噴射量を制御していることにより未
反応のアンモニアガスが排気中に残留する心配もない。At this time, nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas become (NF2)2CO+H20→2NH3' +C02(1
) 4NH3*+4NO+02→4N 2+6H20 (2) It is suitably reduced and removed by the reaction shown below. here,
Activated ammonia NH3' has high reactivity with nitrogen oxides, so there is no need to worry about generating ammonium sulfate, etc., and by controlling the injection amount of the urea aqueous solution, unreacted ammonia gas remains in the exhaust gas. There's no need to worry about it.
また、もし窒素酸化物が残留しても触媒コンバータ１７
の位置にて触媒還元反応によりその大部分が還元され、
除去される。Also, if nitrogen oxides remain, the catalytic converter 17
Most of it is reduced by a catalytic reduction reaction at the position,
removed.
実際には、排気量１８０００ｃｃの大型トラックに本発
明を適用した場合、排気温度９００℃に於て、３％の尿
素水溶液を１時間あたり０．１２２噴射することにより
約５０％の脱消率が得られた。In fact, when the present invention is applied to a large truck with a displacement of 18,000 cc, an elimination rate of about 50% can be achieved by injecting 0.122 3% urea aqueous solution per hour at an exhaust temperature of 900°C. Obtained.
尚、本実施例に於ては尿素水溶液のインジェクタ１２を
排気通路８の排気温度が８５０°Ｃ以上となる位置に設
けたが、燃焼室４に向けて直接噴射する位置に設け、燃
焼後、内気温が８５０°Ｃ〜１２００℃となるときに尿
素水溶液を噴射しても良い。また、本実施例では尿素水
溶液の濃度を一定としたが、適宜水を加える等してエン
ジンの負荷状態等に応じて濃度を変化させても良い。In this embodiment, the urea aqueous solution injector 12 was installed at a position where the exhaust gas temperature of the exhaust passage 8 was 850°C or higher, but it was installed at a position where it directly injected into the combustion chamber 4, so that after combustion, The urea aqueous solution may be injected when the internal temperature is 850°C to 1200°C. Further, in this embodiment, the concentration of the urea aqueous solution was kept constant, but the concentration may be changed depending on the load condition of the engine, etc. by adding water as appropriate.
［発明の効果］
このように本発明によれば、燃焼室及び比較的高い温度
の排気通路のいずれか一方に向けて尿素水溶液を噴射す
るインジェクタを設けるのみの簡単な構造で、排気中の
窒素酸化物を好適に除去し得ると共に別の有害物質等が
排気中に混入する心配がないことからディーゼルエンジ
ンの排気を清浄化することが容易に可能となる。また、
上記尿素水溶液インジェクタの噴射タイミングを当該エ
ンジンの燃料噴射タイミングと同期させることにより部
品点数が削減され、かつその制御が容易になる。以」二
のことから本発明の効果は大である。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, nitrogen in the exhaust gas is removed by a simple structure that only includes an injector that injects an aqueous urea solution toward either the combustion chamber or the relatively high-temperature exhaust passage. Since oxides can be suitably removed and there is no fear that other harmful substances will be mixed into the exhaust gas, it becomes possible to easily clean the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Also,
By synchronizing the injection timing of the urea aqueous solution injector with the fuel injection timing of the engine, the number of parts can be reduced and control thereof can be facilitated. From the following two points, the effects of the present invention are significant.
第１図は、本発明が適用されたディーゼルエンジンの模
式的構成図である。
１・・・シリンダブロック１ａ・・・シリンダボア２・
・・ピストン ３・・・コンロッド４・・・燃焼
室 ５・・・シリンダヘッド６・・・インジェ
クタ ７・・・吸気通路８・・・排気通路 ９
・・・吸気弁１０・・・排気弁 １２・・・イン
ジェクタ１３・・・ポンプ−バルブユニット
１４・・・タンク １６・・・制御ユニット１７
・・・触媒コンバータFIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diesel engine to which the present invention is applied. 1... Cylinder block 1a... Cylinder bore 2.
... Piston 3 ... Connecting rod 4 ... Combustion chamber 5 ... Cylinder head 6 ... Injector 7 ... Intake passage 8 ... Exhaust passage 9
... Intake valve 10 ... Exhaust valve 12 ... Injector 13 ... Pump-valve unit 14 ... Tank 16 ... Control unit 17
...Catalytic converter
Claims (4)
物を低減するための排気処理装置であって、前記エンジ
ンの燃焼室及び該燃焼室近傍の排気通路のいずれか一方
に向けて所定のタイミングで尿素水溶液を噴射するイン
ジェクタを設けたことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン
の排気処理装置。(1) An exhaust treatment device for reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, the exhaust treatment device being configured to direct the nitrogen oxides into either the combustion chamber of the engine or the exhaust passage near the combustion chamber at a predetermined timing. A diesel engine exhaust treatment device characterized by being provided with an injector that injects a urea aqueous solution.
イミングに応じて前記尿素水溶液のインジェクタから尿
素水溶液を噴射することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の
ディーゼルエンジンの排気処理装置。(2) The exhaust treatment device for a diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the urea aqueous solution is injected from the urea aqueous solution injector in accordance with the injection timing of a fuel injector of the engine.
の運転状況に応じて噴射する尿素水溶液の濃度及び噴射
量を調節することを特徴とする請求項１若しくは請求項
２に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気処理装置。(3) Exhaust treatment for a diesel engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the urea aqueous solution injector adjusts the concentration and injection amount of the urea aqueous solution to be injected according to the operating conditions of the engine. Device.
が通常運転時に８５０℃以上となる排気通路に向けて前
記尿素水溶液を噴射するものからなることを特徴とする
請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれかに記載のディーゼルエ
ンジンの排気処理装置。(4) The injector for the urea aqueous solution injects the urea aqueous solution toward an exhaust passage where the exhaust gas temperature is 850° C. or higher during normal operation. The diesel engine exhaust treatment device according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009164A JPH03213614A (en) | 1990-01-18 | 1990-01-18 | Exhaust gas disposing device for diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009164A JPH03213614A (en) | 1990-01-18 | 1990-01-18 | Exhaust gas disposing device for diesel engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03213614A true JPH03213614A (en) | 1991-09-19 |
Family
ID=11712976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009164A Pending JPH03213614A (en) | 1990-01-18 | 1990-01-18 | Exhaust gas disposing device for diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03213614A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001193443A (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-07-17 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | System and control method of purifying nitroxide for diesel engine vehicle |
| US6959540B2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2005-11-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device of internal combustion engine |
| WO2006006441A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-01-19 | Isuzu Motors Limited | System and method for purification of exhaust gas |
| WO2009081227A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Renault Trucks | Six-stroke internal combustion engine, method of operation of such an engine and vehicle equipped with such an engine |
| WO2011074310A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification method and exhaust gas purification system for reciprocating internal combustion engine |
| KR20200143251A (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-23 | 가부시키가이샤 자판엔진코포레숀 | Marine diesel engine |
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| JPS55104513A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1980-08-11 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust-gas purifying system for internal combustion engine |
| JPS6119940A (en) * | 1984-07-07 | 1986-01-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of introducing intake-air and discharging exhaust gas |
| JPS63190623A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-08-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Removing method for nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas |
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1990
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55104513A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1980-08-11 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust-gas purifying system for internal combustion engine |
| JPS6119940A (en) * | 1984-07-07 | 1986-01-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of introducing intake-air and discharging exhaust gas |
| JPS63190623A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-08-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Removing method for nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6959540B2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2005-11-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device of internal combustion engine |
| US7086222B2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2006-08-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device of internal combustion engine |
| US7086223B2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2006-08-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device of internal combustion engine |
| US7272924B2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2007-09-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification device of internal combustion engine |
| JP2001193443A (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-07-17 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | System and control method of purifying nitroxide for diesel engine vehicle |
| WO2006006441A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-01-19 | Isuzu Motors Limited | System and method for purification of exhaust gas |
| WO2009081227A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Renault Trucks | Six-stroke internal combustion engine, method of operation of such an engine and vehicle equipped with such an engine |
| WO2011074310A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification method and exhaust gas purification system for reciprocating internal combustion engine |
| JP2011127471A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Exhaust emission control method and exhaust emission control system for reciprocating internal combustion engine |
| EP2514935A4 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2014-06-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Exhaust gas purification method and exhaust gas purification system for reciprocating internal combustion engine |
| KR20200143251A (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-23 | 가부시키가이샤 자판엔진코포레숀 | Marine diesel engine |
| KR20220041067A (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2022-03-31 | 가부시키가이샤 자판엔진코포레숀 | Marine diesel engine |
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