JPH03225237A - Small-sized z-ray diffraction device and method for using same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow the automatic measurement of the actual stresses of various kinds of actual structures in arbitrary positions thereof by providing a scanning rail on which an incident system including an X-ray tube bulb installed on a fixing stand, a photodetecting system including a detector, etc., can be independently or simultaneously scanned. CONSTITUTION:The small-sied X-ray tube bulb 21 and a small-sized X-ray counter tube 22 are mounted respectively to holders 23, 24, are coupled to stepping motors 25, 26 and can move independently or simultaneously on the scanning guide rail 27. The actual structure 30 can be irradiated with the incident X-ray 34 at an arbitrary angle by rotation of the motor 25. The counter tube 22 is scanned by the rotation of the motor 26 for the purpose of detecting the diffracted X-ray 35. The tube bulb 21 and the counter tube 22 can simultaneously be scanned by controlling the motors 25, 26 at the time of measurement. Since a universal joint 28 is used for the structure fixing stand, the distance between a goniometer and the actual structure 30 is correctly adjusted even if the surface of the actual structure is curved. Further, a magnet 29 is used for the fixing stand, the easy fixing of the stand even to the perpendicular surface, etc., of the structure 30 is possible.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a compact X-ray diffraction apparatus used to evaluate actual stress and fatigue progress at any location of an actual structure, and a method of using the same.

[Conventional technology]

Figure 1 shows the configuration of a conventional portable X-ray diffraction device (Utility Model Application 1-1
17553), a goniometer 2 integrated with a frame 1 is installed on an actual structure 3. When the self-cooling water supply device 4 operates, cooling water is supplied to the tube 6 via the water-cooled hose 5, and the X-ray generator 7 supplies power to the tube via the high-voltage cable 8. As a result, the X-rays 9 emitted from the tube are irradiated onto the structure 3 through the solar slit IO. Reference numeral 11 indicates diffracted X-rays emitted from the structure, which are detected by a counter tube 14 via a filter 12 #E and a solar slit 13 . At this time, the counter tube 14 performs scanning independently based on a command from the controller 15, and its detection signal is inputted to the arithmetic unit 18 via the amplifier I6 and the counting device 17 and is calculated. The results are displayed on a display device 19 such as a printer. An example of its display is the actual stress value 20 in the direction parallel to the surface of the actual structure 3, which can be actually measured by elastic mechanics and X-ray diffraction.

However, conventional portable devices have the following drawbacks.

(1) During measurement, the goniometer, which is in contact with the actual structure at the screw tip of the stand, moves due to vibrations from the actual structure or other objects, making accurate measurements difficult.

(2) In order to measure stress in any direction at the same X-ray incident position on an actual structure, it was necessary to manually rotate the goniometer on the same axis. With this method, it is difficult to rotate the goniometers around the same axis, that is, on the same circumference, and to precisely install them at the desired rotation angle.

(3) When measuring stress in the same direction at positions separated left and right or up and down on an actual structure, the manual goniometer must be moved, and it is difficult to obtain the accuracy of goniometer installation at each measurement position. I'm in trouble.

(4) Adjustment of the incident angle of X-rays on the actual structure is done manually, and this work is troublesome and also becomes an obstacle to rapid measurement.

(5) When measuring the same structure, such as the head surface of a railway rail, it is necessary to transport the equipment shown in Figure 1 to the measurement location and make complex adjustments to the goniometer according to the measurement location. 6 [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to solve the problems with the conventional portable X-ray diffraction apparatus as described above, and to automatically measure the actual stress at any position of various actual structures. do.

[Means and effects for solving the problem] In the present invention, an angular dispersion type
In a radiation device, a mechanism in which an entrance system including an X-ray tube and a light receiving system including an X-ray counter can move independently or simultaneously on a scanning guide rail, and a structure consisting of the scanning guide rail, a universal simulator, or a magnet. It is equipped with a mechanism that integrates the fixing frame, and a mechanism that rotates or horizontally moves the scanning guide rail section, that is, the goniometer, on the actual structure. In addition, the various mechanisms described above are fixed to a support plate equipped with a shock absorber and a lift, the support plate is fixed to a vehicle, and the goniometer can be quickly moved to any location on a structure directly under the vehicle without damaging it. It is characterized by measuring the actual stress at a desired location.

That is, the compact X-ray diffraction apparatus and method of using the same of the present invention realize automated measurement, improved measurement accuracy, and quick installation at a desired measurement location compared to conventional portable X-ray diffraction apparatus. Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below.

〔Example〕

FIG. 2a shows an example of a goniometer for actual structures.

2b and 2c, FIG. 2a is a front view, FIG. 2b is a back view, and FIG. 2c is a side view.

To explain with reference to each figure, the small X-ray tube 21 and the small
The X-ray counter tubes 22 are respectively attached to holders 23 and 24, and are driven by stepping motors 25 with decelerators.
．． 26 and made of lightweight material such as AQ gold alloy. It has a structure that allows it to move along the scanning guide rail 27 or simultaneously. The scanning guide rail 27, the structure fixing frame, that is, the universal joint 28, and the magnet 29 are integrated.

The predetermined distance between the goniometer and the actual structure 30 is determined by amplifying the detected voltage of the position sensor 31 with an amplifier 32, and the output is indicated to the meter 33, so the height of the universal joint 28 is determined based on the output. It is adjusted by changing .

The incident X, 1% 34 can be irradiated onto the actual structure 30 at any angle by rotation of the stepping motor 25. In addition, a stepping motor 26 is used to detect the diffracted X-rays 35.
The rotation of the small counter tube 22 causes it to scan. During the measurement, the small X-ray tube 21 and the X-ray counter can scan the scanning guide rail 27 individually or simultaneously by controlling the supply of power to the lead wires 36 and 37 of the stepping motors 25 and 26, respectively.

Since the universal joint 28 is used for the structure fixing frame, the distance between the goniometer and the actual structure can be adjusted correctly even if the surface of the actual structure is curved. Furthermore, v/
Since the I-structured ornament fixing mount magnet is used, it can be easily fixed to the vertical or low surface of the structure.

Embodiments of the mount other than those described above are shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f. FIGS. 3a and 3b show a rotating mount, FIGS. 3c and 3d show a horizontal movement mount, and FIGS. 3e and 3f show a rail head surface mount.

Each example will be described in detail below.

Figures 3a and 3b show a plan view and a sectional view of the rotating frame.

This frame allows the goniometer to rotate around the incident X-ray irradiation area on the actual structure and to stand still at any rotation angle. Only the structure fixing frame is separated from the goniometer shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, and 2c, and both ends of the scanning guide rail 27 are fitted into the grooves of the coupling fittings 38 shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b and fixed. By this operation, the goniometer is integrated with the rotation stand. Further, the coupling fitting 38 is fixed to the rotation stage arm 39. Furthermore, a stepping motor 40 is attached to the rotating stage arm 39 via a rotating bracket 44. The rotation of the motor causes the gear 41 of the mount 11 to rotate, and rotates around a rotation stage 42 having a helical gear attached to its outer periphery. During the rotation, a guide roller 45 fixed to the rotation bracket 44 rotates in contact with the outer periphery of the groove 43 in the rotation stage 42, so that the one-rotation bracket 44 easily and smoothly rotates around the outer periphery of the rotation stage 42. can. Further, the rotation stage 42 is attached to a structure fixing mount (a universal joint 46 and a magnet 47 are integrated) and fixed to the actual structure by the magnet 47.

Note that the predetermined interval between the goniometer and the actual structure 30 is
Needless to say, the shoulders can be adjusted by changing the height of the universal joint 46 according to instructions from the position sensor. The rotation angle of the goniometer can be determined by controlling the power supplied to the lead wire 49 of the stepping motor 40 according to instructions from the sensor 48, so that the goniometer can be stopped at a desired angle.

By using this goniometer and frame, it is possible to accurately and quickly determine the actual stress in any direction at a single point in an actual structure.

FIGS. 3c and 3d show a plan view and a sectional view of the planar movement frame. Separate only the structure fixing frame from the goniometer shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, and 2c, and connect both ends of the guide rail 28 to the coupling fittings 5 shown in FIGS. 3C and 3d.
Insert into groove 0 or 51 and secure. The coupling fittings 50 and 51 are fixed to a goniometer tower mount 52. Since a ball slide 53 is attached to the tower platform 52, it can be moved left and right on the guide rail 54.

Further, the tower mounting stand, that is, the goniometer can be fixed at any position by means of the fixing screw 55.

A structure fixing frame (universal joint 56 and magnet 57) is attached to both ends of the guide rail 54, and this frame can be fixed to the surface of the actual structure 30.

In addition, in the planar movable frame, there are two coupling fittings 50 and 51 on the goniometer tower mount 52. When both ends of the coupling fitting 50 and the guide rail 28 of the goniometer are attached and fixed, the actual stress on the actual structure in the direction parallel to the guide rail 54 is When fixed, the actual stress of the structure in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the guide rail 54 can be determined.

FIGS. 3e and 3f show a plan view and a side view when the compact X-ray diffraction apparatus of the present invention is fixed to one end of a vehicle and the actual stress on the surface of the railway rail head in the direction of travel of the vehicle is measured.

Referring to each figure, L-shaped support plates 59 and 60 of a goniometer are attached to both ends of a surface 1 perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle 58, for example, the front and rear surfaces of the vehicle. On the horizontal parts of the support plates 59 and 60, there is a goniometer 61 equipped with a plane movement mount similar to that shown in FIGS. 3c and 3d.
It is fixed so that the actual stress in the vehicle traveling direction on the head surface of the left rail 62 can be measured. By moving left and right on the guide rail 63, the goniometer 61 can irradiate incident X-rays 64 to any position on the head surface of the rail, and can also irradiate incident X-rays 64 to any position on the head surface of the right rail 65.
A line 64 can be irradiated.

Since the vehicle 58 vibrates as it rotates on the rail head surfaces of the left and right wheels 66 and 67, shock absorbers 68 and 69 are attached to the L-shaped support plates 59 and 60 to protect the goniometer (61) from the vibrations. are doing. Furthermore, a lift 70.71 is attached to the L-shaped support plate 59.60. That is, when the vehicle is running, the goniometer 61, L-shaped support plates 59, 60, etc. are lifted by the lift 70, 71 to prevent them from colliding with the rails or other objects, and after arriving at the measurement location, the actual stress is measured. Lower the goniometer 61 to a predetermined position.

In addition, the X-ray generator 72 loaded inside the vehicle
．． Control device 73. Needless to say, the self-cooling water supply device 74 and the like are connected to each other by various lead wires, water cooling hoses, etc. in order to operate the goniometer 61 outside the vehicle.

Furthermore, by attaching L-shaped support plates similar to those shown in FIGS. 3e and 3f to the front and rear surfaces of the vehicle and fixing a goniometer equipped with a rotating frame, it is possible to measure the actual stress in any direction with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the compact X-ray diffraction apparatus of the present invention is not only lightweight and automated, but also can quickly and accurately measure the actual stress distribution in a specific direction at any position of an actual structure. Additionally, this single device can quickly and accurately measure one point on an actual structure in any direction, making it possible to perform triaxial stress analysis. Furthermore, the above-mentioned measurements can be made on any location on the surface of a super-long or super-large real structure, such as a railway rail head. Therefore, the device of the present invention can be used as a monitor for predicting the life of fatigue fractures of various actual structures, and is highly effective.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a block diagram of a conventional X-ray diffraction device, Figure 2a,
FIGS. 2b and 2c are a front view, a back view, and a side view, respectively, of a goniometer for an actual structure used in the compact X-ray diffraction apparatus of the present invention. Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e and 3f show various frames of the goniometer; Figures 3a and 3b are a plan view and a sectional view of the rotating frame; 3c
Figures 3 and 3d are a plan view and a sectional view of the parallel movement frame, and Figures 3e and 3f are a plan view and a side view of the state in which the actual stress on the surface of the railway rail head is measured using this small X-ray diffraction device. be. 1: Frame 2.61: Goniometer 3: Actual structure 4.74: Self-cooled water supply device 5: Water cooling hose 6: Tube 7.72: X-ray generating bag W1 8: High-voltage cable 9: X-ray 10.13 :Solar slit 11.35:
Diffraction X-ray 14: Counter 15.73: Controller
16: Amplifier 17: Counting device U 18: Arithmetic device 19: Display device 20: Actual stress 21: Small X-ray tube 22: Small counter tube 23.24: Holding plate 25, 26.40 Varnish chipping motor 27: Scanning guide Rail 28.46.56: Universal joint 29.4
7, 57: Magnet 30: Actual structure 31: Position sensor 32: Amplifier 33: Meter 34.
64: Incident X-ray 36, 37, 49: Lead wire 38, 50, 51: Coupling fitting 39: Rotating stage arm 41: Worm gear 42: Rotating stage 43: Groove 44: Rotating bracket 45 guide roller 48: Sensor 52: Goniometer tower mount 53: Ball slide 54.63 Guide rail 55: Fixing screw 58 Two vehicles 59.60: L-shaped support plate 62: Left rail 65: Right rail 66: Left axle 67: Right wheel 68.69: Shock Absorber 70, 71: Lift

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A fixed mount consisting of a universal joint and a magnet to be freely installed on the surface of the structure to be measured, an incident system including an X-ray tube and a light receiving system including a detector installed on the fixed mount. A goniometer having a scanning rail capable of scanning independently or simultaneously,
The scanning rail section is a compact X-ray diffraction device consisting of a mechanism for rotation or translation around the incident X-ray irradiation area. (2) A fixed mount consisting of a universal joint and a magnet to be freely installed on the surface of the structure to be measured, and an incident system including an X-ray tube and a light receiving system including a detector installed on the fixed mount. has a scanning rail that can scan independently or simultaneously, and the scanning rail section is equipped with a goniometer consisting of a mechanism for rotation or translation around the incident X-ray irradiation area; a shock absorber and a lift. Use of a small X-ray diffraction device that is fixed to a support plate, fixed to a vehicle, and moved over the actual structure to measure the stress and fatigue level at a desired location on the actual structure. Method.