JPH0325310A - Electronic surveying machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To read the scale of a leveling rod with both eyes by disposing an image pickup device, an electric circuit constitution part and a display device on the post stage of an optical lens system. CONSTITUTION:The leveling rod (staff) M which is an object to be measured is projected on the screen 41 of a cathod-ray tube 4 as a distinctly enlarged erect image. The erect image is electrically realized whatever constitution the optical lens system 21 has. At the same time, a reference line is superim posed on the same screen 41 to distinctly emerge. A halftone surface is also made to emerge with appropriate brightness if necessary. Therefore, the machine has following characteristics as compared with a conventional level surveying machine. That is, the surveyed value (scale) of the leveling rod M which is enlarged and projected as a monochrome video on the screen 41 of the cathod- ray tube 4 can be read with both eyes.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The invention of this application will be described in detail in accordance with the order of the table of contents below. F) fo) f,) in 2) f. ) f. ) fs) t's) f,) f. ) fo) f +o) [Table of Contents] Industrial application fields・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
...Page 7 Conventional technology...
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・Page 7 Problems with the prior art ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・Page 8 Invention The purpose of...
・・・・・・・・・Page 11 Means and principles for solving the problems and achieving the purpose ・・・Page 14 Examples ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・Page 15 Examples and internal relationships・・・・・・Page 15 Examples Ll (Level)・・・・・・・・・...Page 16 Example L2
<Level)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・Page 22 Example L3 (Level)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・Page 25 Example L4 (Level) )・・・・・・・・・・・・
...Page 25 Example L5 (Level)...
・・・・・・Page 27 Example L6 (Level)・・・・
......Page 28 Example T1 (Transit)...Page 28 Example T2 (Transit)...Page 33 Example T3 (Transit)
...Band 34 pages Example T4 (transit)...
...Page 35 it) Example T5 (transit)
...Page 37 f it) Example T6 (Transit) ...Page 37 G) Details of the electric circuit component ......No. Page 38 H) Details of the recording section・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
...Page 52 I) Effects ......
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・54th
Pages (or more) [Industrial Field of Application 1 The invention of this application relates to a surveying system equipped with an optical lens system, typically a level or transit surveying instrument, and more specifically, to a training system for training surveyors. ．． [Prior art 1] A conventional surveying system uses at least one leveling rod (boxstick).
, one surveying instrument, one record book, and one writing instrument. Here, typical surveying instruments are level and transit surveying instruments. As is well known, these level and transit surveying instruments always have one telescope, along with a tripod, tripod mount, pedestal, bubble horizontal level, vertical plumb weight, etc., and this telescope also has an objective lens. It has an eyepiece (eyepiece), a reference line (horizontal line, crosshair, scuzzier line, etc.) placed between the two lenses, and a telescope tube that surrounds these three elements. In addition, the surveying method using the conventional surveying system described above is, in principle, carried out by only one surveyor, and always includes the following procedures. ■ Bring one eye close to the eyepiece (eyepiece); ■ Read the scale on the leveling rod (box measure), which is the object to be measured, with one eye through the objective lens at the tip of the lens barrel; ■ Read the survey with one eye. Record the value (number) in a record book by hand and with a writing instrument. [Problem with conventional technology 1 The conventional surveying systems and methods described above have a long history5.
Furthermore, since it is a fairly mature and completed technology, common sense would not suggest that there are still fundamental problems remaining. However, once we take a new perspective and fundamentally and comprehensively review the conventional surveying systems and methods mentioned above, as well as the human and environmental factors that are involved in them, we find that the following shortcomings and Problems emerge. ■ When reading measured values, it is not possible to read using both eyes. ■ Similarly, when reading survey values, multiple people cannot read them at the same time. ■In the case of a transit, it is not possible to use a horizontal eyepiece when reading survey values. Therefore, parallax is likely to occur. ■ When reading measured values (numbers), it is easy to misread them. In other words, in the conventional surveying system and surveying method described above, the method of installing the surveying instrument, how to take the survey standard, how to set the position, how to read the staff, etc. depends on the skills of the surveyor actually conducting the survey, the strength of his eyesight, etc. There are individual differences in each work related to etc.
These individual differences cause errors and errors of various sizes. The biggest drawback is that it is easy for the surveyor to make mistakes when reading the measured values (scale of the staff) through the eyepiece. Together with human factors such as the skill level of the surveyor, the strength or weakness of visual acuity, the presence or absence of astigmatism, and the progression of fatigue,
Errors may occur in the reading of measured values or errors may occur due to surrounding physical and temporal circumstances (the quality of the footing, the brightness of the light, the temperature, the presence or absence of wind, etc.), etc. ■ When writing measured values (numbers) that have been read into a record book, it is easy to write them incorrectly. Therefore, just to be sure, we re-evaluated whether or not it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problems ① to ① within the framework of the prior art, and the results are approximately as follows. (1) Problems (1) to (2) cannot be solved by any method such as modifying the eyepiece. (2) Regarding problem (2), there are possible measures such as measuring the same amount at least 62 times or having the scale read by hand, but both require a huge amount of effort. (3) Since the problem (■) depends on human factors, it cannot be fundamentally solved within the scope of conventional technology. In other words, if there is an error in the record book, it is impossible to correct or correct it unless the survey is restarted from the beginning. [Objective of the Invention 1 The first object of the invention of this application is to use a leveling rod (box rule) when performing surveying work using a surveying instrument equipped with an optical lens system.
The purpose is to make it possible to read the scale using both eyes. The second purpose is to enable multiple people to read the scale of the leveling rod at the same time. The third purpose is to
The purpose is to eliminate the need to vertically rotate the display device. The fourth purpose is to make reference lines (horizontal lines, cross lines, double lines, stadia lines) appear by pure electronic circuit means, and furthermore, to make hatched surfaces etc. appear by pure electronic circuit means. It's about letting it come out. The fifth purpose is to facilitate vertical movement adjustment and horizontal movement adjustment of reference lines (horizontal lines, cross lines, square lines, stadia lines, etc.) or shaded surfaces, and more specifically, to facilitate the adjustment of reference line patterns. (horizontal lines, cross lines, 廿字 lines, stadia lines, etc.) and cross-hatching patterns, etc., can be used freely. The sixth purpose is to make the scale of the leveling rod easy to read so that misreadings do not occur. The seventh purpose is to record the scale of the leveling rod along with the background.
The purpose is to be able to keep records. The eighth purpose is to make it possible to check the survey results accurately without having to go to the site again and re-survey. The ninth purpose is to make it possible to immediately transmit raw survey results to branch offices and headquarters without errors or errors. The tenth objective is to provide a training system that enables direct and simultaneous practical instruction to a large number of students and participants. In other words, the purpose of the invention of this application is: ■ To improve the man-machine interface in a surveying system; ■ To eliminate human factors in surveying work as much as possible; ■ To reduce environmental factors in surveying work. There are five points to be made: - Eliminate as much as possible; - Establish the basis for complete automation of the surveying system; and - Drastically improve the surveyor training system. [Means and Principles for Solving Problems and Achieving Objectives] 4. The above-mentioned problems and objectives can be solved or achieved by doing the following. ■ Arranging an imaging device, an electric circuit component, and a display device after the optical lens system in a surveying instrument; ■ A base 1 in the electric circuit component! ■ Installing a line signal generation circuit; ■ Installing a shadow surface or shaded surface signal generation circuit in the electric circuit component; ■ For transit, cutting the mechanical connection between the imaging device and the display device.・Separate the display device so that it does not rotate vertically; ■ Connect the recording device to the electrical circuit component via the recording signal line; ■ Connect it electrically in parallel to the small image display unit. Connecting a large display device to the computer via a signal cord. It is. [Examples] (Types of Examples and Internal Relation) The invention of this application clearly has at least 2'
= 128 examples exist. In other words, there are two options depending on whether the object of the invention is a level or a transit.
Next, there are two methods depending on whether the television system related to the achieving means is monochrome or color, and furthermore, there are five methods depending on whether each of the achieving means (■ to ■) is adopted or not, so depending on the combination of these, At least 2'=128 examples occur. In the following, in order to avoid the explanation becoming redundant,
Twelve types of examples, ie, six types of examples Ll-L6 related to electronic level surveying equipment, and six types of examples Tl to T6 related to electronic transit surveying equipment will be explained in detail. The internal relationships among these 12 types of embodiments are as shown in the table below:
2→L5T2-5 a 8 ag Large display L3→L6 T3→T6 Play TV system Black and white Color Black and white Color In the above table, arrow 8 and rumors both represent the relationship of element addition, and the arrow → represents the relationship of element substitution. represents. This relationship is
It will become clearer from the detailed explanation of each embodiment below. [Example Ll (Level)] Example Ll is a monochrome electronic level surveying instrument. FIG. 1a is a partially cutaway side view showing a part thereof, and FIG. 1b is a front view showing an example of a display state on the display screen of the image display section 4. FIG. FIG. 3a mainly shows the television camera 2, the electric circuit component 3, which is common to the embodiment Hl as well as the embodiment Ll.
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the image display unit 4 and the image display unit 4, etc. FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the electric circuit component 3 shown in FIG. FIG. 4a is a diagram mainly explaining the principle of the horizontal stripe signal generation circuit 32H used in the present invention, FIG. 4b is a diagram explaining the principle of the vertical stripe signal generation circuit 32V, and FIG. FIG. 4d is a diagram explaining the principle of an adjustable delay pulse generation circuit that can also be used in the same way. Section 1a above. In Figures 1b and 3, 1 is a housing that also serves as a light-shielding cover, 2 is an ultra-small television camera, 3 is an electric circuit component, 4 is an image display unit consisting of a small cathode ray tube, and 5
6 is an automatic focus switch, 6 is a power switch, and L1 to L2 are any type of level (for example, a bubble type horizontal level, a horizontal level, a circular level, etc.). The totality of these elements constitutes the main body of the electronic level surveying instrument. C is a tripod mount, and an angle scale AG is provided on its circular periphery. A tripod (not shown) is attached to the bottom of the tripod mount C, and a pedestal (not shown) is provided to the top of the tripod mount. The main body is supported on the top of this pedestal so that it can rotate in a horizontal plane. A pointer (not shown) is provided at a suitable location on the main body, which cooperates with the angle scale AG. 7 is a power supply/recording cord, and 8 is a power supply unit. (Then, 9 is a recording unit, which is a component of Example 'L 2 to be described later.) M is a box rod (leveling rod) for leveling projected on the screen of the cathode ray tube 4. ．． Inside the light-shielding cover/housing l, an ultra-small television camera 2, an electric circuit component 3, and a small cathode ray tube (cathode ray tube) 4 are housed. The ultra-compact television camera 2 includes a known optical lens system 21 and a solid-state imaging device (CCD).
type solid-state imaging device, MOS type solid-state imaging device, etc.)2
Contains 2. 21h is an objective lens section (helicoid) of the optical lens system 21, and includes a known focus adjustment mechanism. 21r
is a manual fine focus adjustment dial. The electric circuit component 3 includes a known basic television circuit 3.
1, a reference line signal generation circuit or a shaded surface signal generation circuit 32 and an automatic focus adjustment circuit 33 are provided. In addition to this, if an electronic zooming circuit is also installed, it will be easier to read the leveling scale. Instead of the well-known optical slit, the reference line signal generator 32 generates a reference line (horizontal line, cross line, cross line, (Details will be explained in Details 1 of Electrical Circuit Components later).
. (Incidentally, although the preferred reference line providing means of the present invention is the pure electronic circuit reference line signal generating means 32 described above, it is also possible to use a well-known and commonly used optical slit.) The signal generation circuit 32 is a circuit for causing a hatched surface or a shadow surface to appear in the lower (upper) area, left (right) area, or the union area of both areas of the display screen (details will be explained later). [Explained in Details 1 of Electrical Circuit Components]. The automatic focus adjustment circuit 33 is a circuit for automatically adjusting the focus in cooperation with a known focus adjustment mechanism included in the optical lens system 21 (details will be described later).

[Details of the electrical circuit components are explained in Section 1]. It is of course possible for children to use other display devices such as a liquid crystal display device instead of the small cathode ray tube for the image display section 4. The power supply/recording cord 7 consists of a power supply line 71, a recording signal line 72, and their insulation coatings. (The recording signal line 72 is an element for Example L2, which will be described later.) The basic functions (external effects) of the electronic level surveying instrument according to Example L1 are as follows. (2) A leveling rod (box rod) M, which is the object to be measured, is projected on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4 as a clearly enlarged erect image. Moreover, the erect image is electrically realized regardless of the configuration of the optical lens system 21. ■1 At the same time, the reference line is superimposed on the same screen 41,
be clearly revealed. If necessary, the shaded areas are also displayed with appropriate brightness. Thus, when comparing the monochrome electronic level surveying machine of Example Ll with the conventional level surveying machine, it has approximately the following characteristics:
It has the following characteristics or differences. (1-1) It is possible to read the measured value (scale) of the leveling rod M, which is enlarged and projected as a monochrome image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4, using both eyes. (2-1) It is possible for multiple people to simultaneously read the measured values (scale) of the leveling rod M, which are enlarged and projected as a monochrome image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4. (3) Misreading of the staff scale is reduced. (4) When instructing and training surveyors, instructors can read surveyed values directly and simultaneously with their students (students), making it easier to instruct and training more excellent surveyors. It becomes like this. [Example L2 (Level) 1 In Example L2, the monochrome electronic level surveying instrument of Example L1 is provided with a recording section 9, and the recording section 9 and the electric circuit component as shown in FIG. 3(a). This monochrome electronic surveying instrument is equipped with a recording signal line 72 that connects 3 and 3. The role of the recording section 9 is to record the leveling rod and the reference line displayed on the screen of the cathode ray tube. In addition to Example L2, a known automatic rotation angle reading means capable of automatically reading the rotation angle is added to automatically read the horizontal rotation angle of the main body, and the read horizontal rotation If the angle can be recorded in the recording section, it will be even more effective for electronic transmission. The recording method of the recording section 9 is a known recording method (electronic still recording method) using a magnetic disk (for example, a floppy disk). It is of course possible to replace this method with another method (this will be explained in detail later (details of the recording section 1)).Basics of the monochrome electronic level surveying instrument with the recording section of Example L2 The functions are as follows.■,~@1 Same as in Example L1.■1 The above-mentioned leveling rod M and the above-mentioned reference line projected on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4 are By operating the release 92, the recording device 9 is released along with the background, just like taking a still photo.
You can record and record on the magnetic disk inside. Thus, when comparing the monochrome electronic level surveying machine of Example L2 with the conventional level surveying machine, approximately
It has the following characteristics or differences. (1-1) to (4) Same as Example L1. (5) The field surveyor records the read survey values (numbers) in the record book and at the same time releases the electronic shutter release 9.
By pressing 2, as well as the subject of the still camera,
The raw measured values (i.e., the scale of the staff) before being read can be recorded and recorded on a magnetic disk (for example, a floppy disk) along with their background. (6) The supervisor of the field surveyor must retrieve the recording recorded on the magnetic disk, check the survey values recorded in the record book, issue instructions for correction or correction, and obtain accurate survey results. can be done. (7) The surveyed values recorded on the magnetic disk can be sent electronically from the field work office to the surveyor or manager at the five head offices or branch offices, and can be created as drawings at the field office as in the past. Drawings can be easily created at the head office or branch office without having to take the trouble of bringing "things" (=drawing books) to the head office or branch office. (8) Magnetic disks can be stored and preserved as the most reliable source of survey results. [Example L3 (Level) 1 Example L3 is an electronic level surveying device with a large display/recording unit for teaching purposes, which is constructed by adding/installing a large display to the electronic level surveying device with a recording unit of Example L2. It is a level surveying device. The electronic level surveying device with a large display and recording unit of Example L3 will be especially effective for teaching practical skills at industrial schools, agricultural schools, vocational schools, universities, etc. that train surveyors. ．． f Example L4 (Level) 1 Example L4 is a color electronic level surveying device in which the monochrome television system in the monochrome electronic level surveying device of Example L1 is replaced with a color television system. The basic functions of the color electronic level surveying device of Example L4 are as follows. ■The leveling rod (box rod) M that constitutes the object to be measured is displayed as a clearly enlarged color erect image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube.
It will be projected. Moreover, the erect image is created by the optical lens system 21
It is realized electrically regardless of the configuration. (2) At the same time, the white or colored reference lines are also superimposed on the same screen and appear clearly. If necessary, white or colored shading is also displayed with appropriate brightness. Thus, when compared with the conventional leveling instrument, the color electronic leveling instrument of Example L4 has the following characteristics or differences. (1-21 It is possible to read the measured value (scale) of the staff M projected as a color image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4 using both eyes. (2-21 On the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4 It is possible for multiple people to read the survey values (scale) of the leveling rod M displayed as a color image at the same time. (3) Misreading of the leveling rod scale is reduced. (4) Guidance and training of surveyors. Sometimes, the instructor can read the measured values directly and simultaneously with the instructor (student).
It will become easier to provide guidance and enable the training of more excellent surveyors. (Example L5 (Level)) Example L5 is an electronic level surveying device in which the monochrome television system in the electronic level surveying device with recording section of Example L2 is replaced with a color television system. The basic functions and the features or differences in comparison with the conventional example are roughly the same as the sum of those of Examples 4 and 2. (Example L6 (Level)) Example L6 is the same as Example L3. large display for teaching purposes
This is a color electronic level surveying machine with a large display and recording section for teaching purposes, which replaces the monochrome television system in the electronic level surveying machine with a recording section with a color television system. Its basic functions and features or differences in comparison with the conventional example are roughly equivalent to the sum of those of Examples L3 and L4. [Example T1 (Transit)] Example T1 is a monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument. Figure 2 is its side view. The electric circuit portion is as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and is as shown in FIGS.
It is almost the same as . In Figures 2 and 3 and Figures 4a to 4d, 1D is a cylindrical casing whose cross section is approximately circular or square, 1E is a light-shielding cover/housing with an opening at the rear, and 2 is an ultra-small television. 3 is an electric circuit component, 4 is an image display unit consisting of a small cathode ray tube, 5 is an automatic focus switch, 6 is a power switch for the main body, 10 is a power supply/signal cord, and generally an electrical coupling means for a rotating body. be. The totality of these elements constitutes the main body of the monochrome electronic transit survey instrument. C is a tripod attachment part. A tripod (not shown) is attached to the lower part of the tripod attachment part C, and a pedestal (not shown) is provided to the upper part of the tripod attachment part C. The main body is supported on the top of this pedestal so that it can rotate in a horizontal plane. 7 is a power supply/recording cord, and 8 is a power supply section. (Although 9 is a recording unit, this is a component for Example T2 described later.) Inside the cylindrical casing (10), an optical lens system (2
1) and the imaging device (22), or only these two elements and a part of the electric circuit component (3) (for example, a low-noise pre-amplifier) are provided. All or the remainder of the electric circuit component (3) and 4 copies of the image table (
4) What is it? An electrical coupling for a rotating body is provided between the electrical elements arranged inside the cylindrical casing 1D arranged inside the housing (1E) and the electrical elements arranged inside the housing IH. Combined by means 10. As the electrical coupling means 10 for a rotating body, in addition to a cord, slip ring coupling, capacitive coupling, mutual inductance coupling, or electromagnetic coupling can be used alone or in combination. When using these means, the transmission inscription is preferably formed through the interior of the hanger (supporter). The ultra-compact television camera 2 includes a known optical lens system 21 and a solid-state imaging device (such as a CCD solid-state imaging device or a MOS solid-state imaging device) 22. 21h is an objective lens section (helicoid) of the optical lens system 21, and includes a known focus adjustment mechanism. 21r
is a manual fine focus adjustment dial. The electric circuit component 3 includes a known basic television circuit 3.
1, a reference line signal generation circuit 32 and an automatic focus adjustment circuit 33 are provided. The reference line signal generation circuit 32 uses a purely electronic method to generate, for example, the first
As shown in Fig. a, this is a circuit for displaying the reference i1 (horizontal latitude, cross line, stadia line, etc.) (details will be explained in [Details 1 of Electrical Circuit Components] later). The automatic focus adjustment circuit 33 is a circuit for automatically adjusting the focus in cooperation with a known focus adjustment mechanism included in the optical lens system 21 (details will be described later). It is of course possible to use other display devices such as a liquid crystal display device in place of the small cathode ray tube for the image display section 4. The power supply/recording cord 7 consists of a power supply line, a recording signal line, and their insulation coatings. The recording unit 9 uses a known recording method (electronic still recording method) using a magnetic disk. It is of course possible to replace this method with another method (this will be explained in detail in the [Recording section] below). The basic functions (external functions) of the monochrome electronic transit survey instrument of Example TI are as follows. ■1 The leveling rod (box rod) that is the object to be measured is projected as a clearly enlarged erect image on the Brown screen.
Moreover, the erect image is electrically realized regardless of the configuration of the optical lens system. ■． At the same time, the reference line is superimposed on the same screen and clearly displayed using pure electronic circuitry. If necessary, the screen will be displayed with appropriate brightness on a shaded surface. ■ The display screen 41 of the display unit 4 is the objective lens (lens barrel part).
It does not follow the vertical rotation of 21h and always maintains an upright position. Therefore, the surveyor can always keep a horizontal eye view. Thus, when compared with the conventional transit survey instrument, the monochrome electronic transit survey instrument of Example T1 has the following characteristics or differences. (0) The surveyor can always take a horizontal eye view regardless of the vertical rotation angle of the objective lens 21h. (1-11
It is possible to read the measured values (scale) of the leveling rod, which are displayed as a monochrome image on the screen of a cathode ray tube, using both eyes. (2-1) It is possible for multiple people to read the measured values (scale) of the leveling rod displayed as a monochrome image on the screen of a cathode ray tube at the same time. (3) Misreading of the leveling rod scale is reduced. (4) When instructing and training surveyors, instructors can read surveyed values directly and simultaneously with their students (students), making it easier to instruct and training more excellent surveyors. It becomes like this. [Example T2 (Transit)] Example T2 is a monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument of Example TI, as shown in FIG. This is a monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument equipped with a recording device, which includes a recording signal line 72 that electrically connects the unit 3 with the recording signal line 72. Its basic functions and features or differences in comparison with conventional examples are the sum of those of the monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument of embodiment T1 and that of the monochrome electronic level surveying instrument with recording device of embodiment L2. are equivalent. [Example T3 (Transit) 1 Example T3 is a monochrome electronic transit 1 with a recording device and a surveying instrument of Example T2, and a large display for training purposes, which is made by adding and disposing a large display.・It is a monochrome electronic transit 1-1 surveying instrument with a recording device. The basic functions and features of Embodiment T3 are equivalent to those of the monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument of Embodiment T1 and those of the monochrome electronic level surveying instrument with a large display and recording device for teaching purposes of Embodiment L3. be. [Example T4 (Transit)] Example T4 uses the monochrome television system in the monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument of Example T1,
This is a color electronic transit surveying instrument that replaces the color television system. The reference line signal, shadow signal or shaded signal is the R. G. The basic functions of the color electronic transit surveying instrument of Example T4, which superimposes and applies waveforms summarily or differentially to part or all of the B line at an appropriate ratio, are as follows. ■The leveling rod (box rod) M that constitutes the object to be measured is displayed as a clearly enlarged color erect image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube.
It will be displayed. Moreover, the erect image is created by the optical lens system 21
It is realized electrically regardless of the configuration. [Yes] 2 At the same time, the white or colored reference cotton is also superimposed on the same screen by means of pure electronic circuitry and appears clearly. If necessary, white or colored shaded surfaces are also displayed with appropriate brightness. ■ The display screen 41 of the display unit 4 has 5 objective lenses (lens barrel part)
It does not follow the vertical rotation of 21h and always maintains an upright position. Therefore, the surveyor can always keep a horizontal eye view. Thus, when comparing the color electronic transit surveying device of Example T4 with the conventional leveling surveying device, the color electronic transit surveying device of Example T4 has approximately the following characteristics.
It has the following characteristics or differences. (0) The surveyor can always take a horizontal eye view regardless of the vertical rotation angle of the objective lens 21h. (1-21
It is possible to read the measured values (scale) of the leveling rod M projected as a color image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4 using both eyes. (2-2) It is possible for multiple people to simultaneously read the measured values (scale) of the Kusunoki scale M projected as a color image on the screen 41 of the cathode ray tube 4. (3) Misreading of the staff scale is reduced. (4) When guiding and training surveyors,
Instructors can read survey values directly and simultaneously with their students (students), making it easier to instruct and train better surveyors. [Example T
5) Embodiment T5 is a color electronic transit surveying instrument with a recording device in which the monochrome television system in the monochrome electronic transit surveying instrument with a recording device of Embodiment T2 is replaced with a color television system. Its basic functions and features or differences in comparison with conventional examples are the sum of those of the color electronic transit surveying instrument of Example T4 and that of the monochrome electronic level surveying instrument with recording device of Example L2. They are equivalent. [Example T6] Example T6 is an electronic transit with a large display and recording device for training, which is obtained by replacing the monochrome television system in the monochrome transit surveying instrument with a large display and recording device of Example T3 with a color television system. It is a surveying instrument. The basic functions and features of Example T6 are equivalent to those of the color electronic transit surveying instrument of Example T4 and those of the monochrome electronic level surveying instrument with a large display and recording device for teaching purposes of Example L3. be. [Details of electric circuit component 1 (Internal structure of basic television circuit 31) Figure 3 (b)
The internal structure of the illustrated basic television circuit 31 will be briefly explained. In the illustrated embodiment L1 in FIG. 1(a), a solid-state imaging device is used as the imaging device 22, and the display device 4
A cathode ray tube (cathode ray tube) is used. Therefore, the basic television circuit 31 in this case is a clock pulse generation circuit C, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
L, horizontal synchronization signal (horizontal start pulse) generation circuit H,
Contains a vertical synchronization signal (vertical start pulse) generation circuit ■, a video signal amplification circuit VA including a low-noise preamplifier, a horizontal deflection voltage generation circuit, a vertical deflection voltage deflection circuit, a horizontal blanking circuit, a vertical blanking circuit, etc. . Each output pulse from the clock pulse generation circuit CL, the horizontal synchronization signal (horizontal start pulse) generation circuit H, and the vertical synchronization signal (vertical start pulse) generation circuit V described above corresponds to each of the elements described below according to the present invention. Effectively used by circuits. (Horizontal Line Signal Generating Circuit) The basic configuration and operating principle of the horizontal stripe signal generating circuit 32H used in the present invention will be explained in detail. FIG. 4a is a diagram mainly explaining the principle of the horizontal line signal generation circuit according to the present invention. In the figure, DF is a differential circuit, d, to d2 are unidirectional circuits (eg, diodes), and D. -D. is a non-adjustable delay circuit, VD is an adjustable delay circuit (for example, an adjustable delay pulse generation circuit),
SW and SWs are electronic changeover switches, W is an adjustable pulse width setting circuit, and B is a brightness*a circuit, and these elements work together to constitute a horizontal line signal generation circuit. (N is a shaded signal generation circuit that will be described later together with the electronic changeover switch S W s.) The unidirectional circuit dI is a circuit for selecting and conducting only the differential pulse originating from the trailing edge of the vertical synchronization pulse. The unidirectional circuit, which is in the opposite direction, is a circuit that selects and conducts only differential pulses originating from the leading edge of the same synchronous pulse. The basic function of the horizontal line signal generating circuit 32H itself is that when a positive input pulse signal is applied to its input terminal in, a predetermined delay time tuts or t is generated from the time of generation of the trailing edge.
l+tD Ctt+ is adjustable), an output pulse signal having a discretely adjustable pulse width (duration) 1:l and a discretely or continuously adjustable pulse amplitude a, is connected to the output terminal. It outputs from OUT. Therefore, at the input terminal in of this horizontal line signal generation circuit 32H,
When introducing a vertical synchronizing signal (vertical start pulse) as shown in FIG. ), from time ti+to to time (
Since the pulse signal continues to be output until t++to+τl), by superimposing the resulting pulse signal on the video signal, a horizontal line of desired brightness can appear on the screen. To adjust the settling position in the vertical direction, after switching the electronic changeover switch SW to the VD side of the adjustable pulse delay circuit (for example, the adjustable delay pulse generation circuit), the adjustment of the delay time t0 is performed in the adjustable pulse delay circuit VD. This can be easily accomplished by adjusting the The line width of the horizontal line can be easily adjusted by adjusting the output pulse width (duration) of the adjustable pulse width setting circuit W. The brightness of the horizontal line can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amplitude output of the brightness adjustment circuit B. (Vertical line signal generation circuit) Vertical in Figure 4b! ! {Input terminal i of &t generation circuit 32V
When guiding the horizontal synchronization signal (horizontal start pulse) to n,
Vertical lines appear on the screen. The line width of the vertical line can be easily adjusted by adjusting the output pulse width of the adjustable pulse width setting circuit W. In addition, the horizontal position of the vertical line can be adjusted using the electronic changeover switch SWI, which can be adjusted using the pulse delay circuit V.
This can be easily accomplished by switching to the D side. The brightness of the vertical line can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amplitude output of the brightness adjustment circuit B. Although these circuits can be constructed from analog circuits, it is preferable that they be digitalized and integrated into ICs. (Reference line generation circuit) A horizontal straight line segment is used for a horizontal line signal generation circuit, for example,
This is realized by adding a set of two delay pulse generating circuits controlled by a horizontal periodic signal and determining the starting point and ending point of a line segment. A single vertical line segment is realized by adding a set of two delay pulse generation circuits controlled by a vertical synchronization signal to the vertical line signal generation circuit, and determining the start and end points of the line segment. be done. Diagonal lines or diagonal line segments indicate the vertical line signal generation circuit 3 in FIG. 4(b).
2V or can be obtained by controlling the delay time of the variable delay circuit VD with the horizontal synchronization signal in the vertical single-line segment signal generation circuit. That is, if a horizontal synchronizing signal or its step-down signal is introduced into the up terminal UP in the delayed pulse generating circuit shown in FIG. You can change the vertical line to make it a diagonal line. By using these three circuits, the horizontal line signal generation circuit, and the vertical line signal generation circuit in various combinations, any reference line pattern can be created. For example, a reference line formed by replacing the vertical line segment between the first and second quadrants of a cross line, a cross line, and the first and second quadrants of a cross line with two vertical line segments that approach each other, and a reference line between the second and third quadrants of a cross line. A reference line formed by replacing a horizontal line segment with a horizontal V-shaped line (two diagonal line segments that intersect and form an acute angle), a plurality of stadia lines or stadia line segments, and these stadia lines, etc., and each of the above-mentioned reference lines combinations, etc. Also, by combining two horizontal lines or horizontal line segments and two vertical lines or vertical line segments, a parallel slit or a box-shaped slit can be created. (detailed). Therefore, if a plurality of arbitrary reference line pattern generation circuits are installed in the electric circuit component 3, they can be switched and used by an electronic changeover switch depending on the purpose of the case. It is very effective and convenient. It is desirable that the above circuits be integrated into ICs as much as possible. (Shadow Signal or Shading Signal Generating Circuit) FIG. 4(d) shows an adjustable shaded surface or shadow surface signal generating circuit. In the figure, FF is a flip-flop circuit, NOT is an inversion (negation) circuit, CL is a clock pulse generation circuit, ■S is a frequency division/shaping circuit for producing a vertical striped pattern, and H is a horizontal synchronization signal generation circuit. HS is a frequency dividing/shaping circuit for producing a horizontal striped pattern. The frequency dividing circuit VS for vertical stripe appearance generates a square wave, and the square wave consists of an ON signal covering m (m≧1) pixels, and n
It is configured to alternately repeat an off signal over (n≧1) pixels. In addition, the frequency dividing circuit HS for horizontal stripe appearance generates a square wave, and the square wave consists of ON signals spanning m (m≧1) horizontal scanning lines and n (n;i!1) horizontal scanning lines. It is configured to alternately repeat an off signal spanning the horizontal scanning line. This memo is used in combination with the horizontal line signal generation circuit 32H or the vertical line signal generation circuit 32V as shown in FIG. 4(a) or (b). First, the operation when combined with the horizontal line signal generation circuit 32H will be explained. When the electronic switches SW4 to SW are in the illustrated state,
Allocate the shadow surface to the bottom half of the screen. This is because when the leading edge of the horizontal line signal is input to the flip-flop FF, it continues to output a logic 1 signal until it is restored by the leading edge of the next vertical synchronizing signal. By switching the electronic switch SW4 upward, the shadow portion and non-shadow portion can be reversed. When the electronic switch S W a is turned upward, a vertical striped pattern appears. This is because a short period rectangular wave is output from the frequency dividing and shaping circuit ①S. The interval between vertical stripes is n (or m
) is the distance of pixels. By switching and inserting another inverting circuit on the output side of the VS, it is possible to invert the bright and dark parts of the vertical stripes. Furthermore, by using the output signal of the frequency dividing circuit HS, the input and output terminals of the inverting circuit are periodically turned on and off.
By turning it off, a checkered pattern can appear. By switching only the electronic switch SW, downward, a horizontal striped pattern can be made to appear. This is because the horizontal stripe frequency dividing circuit HS outputs a long-period square wave. The interval between horizontal stripes is n
(or m) pixel distance. By switching SW and SW6 together, a checkered pattern can be created. Next, when using it with the vertical line signal generation circuit, its operation is as follows.
This is the same as above. Furthermore, if the hatched area number generation circuit combined with the horizontal line signal generation circuit 32H and the hatched area number generation circuit combined with the vertical line signal generation circuit 32V are used together, (when the display screen is assumed to have a four-quadrant configuration) , shadow surfaces or shaded surfaces can appear in the three quadrants. C Adjustable Delay Pulse Generation Circuit) The adjustable delay pulse generation circuit VD shown in Fig. 40 will be explained. In the figure, a is an additive counting circuit (up counter)
．． ud is a reversible counting circuit (up/down counter), and C is a coincidence circuit. The basic function of this circuit is that during the period when the count content of the additive counting circuit a matches the content of the set number of the reversible counting circuit ud and the matching state continues, the output terminal OUT of the matching circuit
The system continues to output a match detection signal. The content of the numbers set in the reversible counting circuit ud can be freely changed via the up terminal Up or the down terminal down. Of course, the above-described additive counting circuit (up counter) a may be replaced with a subtractive counting circuit (down counter). If the number of stages of the countable counting circuit a is small, there is a possibility that two or more coincidence detection pulses will be output to the output terminal out during one scanning period. This phenomenon can be prevented by using one AND gate and one flip-flop circuit. That is, an AND gate is additionally inserted between the coincidence circuit C and the output terminal Out, the set terminal of the flip-flop circuit is connected to the output terminal of the coincidence detection circuit, and the reset terminal is connected to the diode shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. By connecting to the cathode side of d3 and connecting its logic Q output terminal to the second input terminal of the AND gate, the appearance of the second and subsequent coincidence detection output pulses during one scanning period is prohibited. be able to. (Automatic focus adjustment circuit) The automatic focus adjustment circuit 33 in FIG. 3 will be explained. The automatic focus adjustment circuit (33) uses a known spatial frequency type adjustment circuit or the like. This type of adjustment circuit analyzes the frequency spectrum in the video signal using a spatial frequency spectrum analysis circuit or the like while perturbing the objective lens or focusing lens in the optical lens system back and forth, and adjusts the frequency spectrum to the side with a higher spectrum distribution. When the maximum deviation state is detected, the lens position at that time is determined to be the in-focus position, and a perturbation stop signal is generated to stop the perturbation of the lens. Alternatively, instead of detecting the maximum deviation state toward the higher side of the spatial frequency spectrum distribution, an arbitrary line segment (horizontal segment or vertical line segment) is assumed near the reference line on the screen, and the assumed line segment is Count the number of peaks (maximum points) or valleys (minimum points) of the video signal along
The circuit may be configured to detect the lens position and determine that this position is the in-focus position. These functions include a line segment determination circuit (sampling extraction circuit), a video signal transmission gate that is opened and closed by the line segment determination circuit, and a maximum (minimum) value detection circuit connected to the subsequent stage of the transmission gate I. , the local maximum (
Comparison for comparing the contents of the small) point counting circuit, the maximum (small) point registration circuit (e.g. counting circuit, register, etc.), the contents of the maximum (small) point counting circuit, and the contents of the maximum (small) point registration circuit. circuit (for example, a reversible counting circuit), and the result of comparison is the maximum (
When the contents of the small) point counting circuit are larger, the contents are transferred to the maximum (small) point registration circuit to enable new maximum (small) point registration to the maximum (small) point registration circuit. This can be realized by digital transfer circuits (for example, AND gates). As the perturbation stop signal from the above circuit, for example, a coincidence detection signal from a digital comparison circuit is used. The above line segment determining circuit is connected to the vertical signal generating circuit ■ for horizontal scanning l! (or line group) selection circuit (e.g. tapped delay circuit) and a sample interval (or point) selection circuit (e.g. tapped delay circuit and adjustable pulse width shaping circuit) connected to the horizontal synchronization signal generation circuit. ) and an AND circuit connected after both selection circuits. Further, the maximum (minimum) point detection circuit has a sample value hold circuit directly connected to the output of the transmission gate circuit and two input terminals, the first input terminal being directly connected to the transmission gate, and the second input terminal connected directly to the transmission gate.
The input terminal of is realized by a comparator connected to a sample value hold circuit, a differentiator circuit connected after the comparator, and a rectifier circuit connected to the output side of the differentiator circuit. Since the other element circuits are well known to electronic engineers, their description will be omitted. [Details of the recording section] The recording section can use any recording method such as a magnetic recording method or an optical recording method. Here, the magnetic recording method will be explained. 1. The following two types of magnetic recording methods can be used as video recording methods for electronic surveying instruments. b) A method using an altifi tape (hereinafter referred to as the "electronic movie recording method") b) A method using a magnetic disk (for example, a floppy disk) (referred to as the electronic still recording method) According to the invention of this application, ■ or ■ If these are standard equipment, use attachments for each, and for ■,
It is possible to change the use of ■ for ■, so that it can be used interchangeably. Below, we will evaluate and explain the advantages and disadvantages, advantages and disadvantages of both recording methods when comparing them. A) It is better to use the electronic still recording method (■) when measuring the level when constructing rail facilities for railways, etc. B) When recording the above construction status, the movie recording method (■) is better. This is because it is possible to keep a moving recording as a record, and the tape can be saved to check the construction work or as a memorial after the construction is completed. ■ Survey records using the electronic still recording method include I
A cross-shaped slit created by the C circuit is displayed on the CRT screen during playback, but in the case of electronic movie recording using tape, the cross-shaped slit is erased from the beginning by operating a switch, and instead a square-shaped slit or square-shaped slit is displayed on the CRT screen. It is best to leave the cross-shaped slits exposed. The exposed square-shaped slits or parallel slits are used to create compositions for movie recording. As mentioned above, by preparing attachments for the standard equipment system, it is possible to change the functions interchangeably depending on the purpose. In other words, it becomes possible to use it for multiple purposes. [Operation and Effect] The basic operation and effect of the invention of this application is that it has achieved the objectives 1 to 10 above of the invention of this application. The following is an additional explanation of the effects of the invention of this application, without regard for duplication. (1) Since the reference line is formed using a purely electronic circuit, adjustment and switching are easy. (2) Even in the case of transit, the viewpoint is always on the horizontal plane. Conventionally, when the eyepiece moved upwards or downwards, the position of the viewpoint also moved upwards or downwards, but in the present invention, the viewpoint is always on a horizontal plane, and the cathode ray tube surface can always be viewed from the front. (3) The part of the measured value on the leveling rod that has passed through the objective lens group is
It is possible for multiple people to simultaneously read the measured values of the leveling rod, which are projected as a color image on the cathode ray tube surface (or liquid crystal surface) through the solid-state image sensor and the electric circuit components, using both eyes. (4) By recording the read survey values in a record book and pressing the electronic shutter release at the same time, they can be recorded on a magnetic disk, etc. along with the background, just like the subject of a still camera. (5) The surveyor's supervisor pulls out the recording recorded on the magnetic disk in (2), checks the survey values recorded in the record book, and issues instructions for correction or correction.
Accurate measurement results can be obtained. (6) The survey values recorded on the magnetic disk can be electronically transmitted from the field work office to the surveyor or administrator at the head office or branch office, and at the head office or branch office, field work can be carried out as before. You can easily create drawings without having to bring the "object" (= drawing book) that you created as a drawing at the place. (7) The lif1ki disk can be stored and preserved as survey materials. (8) Unlike conventional methods when training surveyors, it is possible for instructors and trainees to directly read the same survey values at the same time. In addition, instructors will be able to use the display to provide instruction, allowing them to train even more capable surveyors. In particular, it will be a powerful tool for instruction at industrial schools, agricultural schools, vocational schools, universities, etc. that train surveyors. Note that the effects of the invention of this application are by no means limited to these, and other effects will be explained in detail with reference to each embodiment.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1(a) is a partially cutaway side view showing a partially broken state of an electronic level surveying instrument constituting Example L1 of the invention of this application, and FIG. 1(b) is an image of Example L1. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the display state of the display unit 4. FIG. FIG. 2 is a side view of an electronic transit surveying instrument constituting an embodiment H1 of the invention of this application. FIG. 3(a) shows a television camera 2 common to each embodiment;
A rod-type diagram showing the electric rotation component 3, the image display unit 4, etc.,
FIG. 3(b) is an enlarged schematic diagram of the electric circuit component 3. FIG. 4(a) is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the horizontal line signal generation circuit or the lower (upper) area shaded surface signal generation circuit 32H according to the present invention, and FIG. 4(b) is a vertical dove signal generation circuit, FIG. 4(e) is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the right (left) area shaded surface signal generation circuit 32V, and FIG. (d) is
It is also a diagram explaining the principle of the adjustable shaded surface signal generation circuit. (Names of parts corresponding to the symbols in Figs. 1 and 2) l...Light-shielding cover and housing, 21h...Objective lens part (helicoid), 21r...Fine focus adjustment gouillage,
4...Cathode-ray tube type image display unit, 41...Display screen, 5...Auto focus switch, 6...Power switch for main unit, 7...Power/recording signal cord, C...Tripod Mounting part, AG...Angle scale (circular). LL...Bubble horizontal level, L2...Level. (The above are common to Figures 1 and 2) 1T: Tubular casing, 1E: Light shielding cover/housing, IO: Power supply: Signal line cord, S: Hanger (supporter). (The above is only for Figure 2) (Part names corresponding to the symbols first appearing in Figure 3) 2...TV camera, 21...Optical lens system, 22...Imaging unit, 3...Electric circuit component , 31... Television basic circuit, CL... Clock pulse generation circuit, H...
Horizontal synchronization signal generation circuit, ■... Vertical synchronization signal generation circuit, VA... Video signal amplifier, 32... Reference line signal generation circuit, 33... Automatic focus adjustment circuit, 8... Power supply section, 9... Recording section, 91... Power switch, 92...
・Electronic shirt release, (part name corresponding to the code in Figure 4) D1Da...
Non-adjustable pulse delay circuit, VD: adjustable pulse delay circuit (or adjustable delay pulse generation circuit), SW: electronic changeover switch, W: adjustable pulse width setting circuit. a...Countable counting number (up counter), ud...
・Reversible counting circuit (up-down counter), C...coincidence detection circuit. VS...Frequency division shaping circuit for vertical stripe appearance, HS...Frequency division shaping circuit for horizontal stripe appearance, FF...Flip-flop circuit, NOT...Negation (inversion) circuit. that's all

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Tripod, tripod mount (B), and tripod mount (B)
It consists of a pedestal installed on the top of the pedestal, and a main body supported rotatably in a horizontal plane on the top of the pedestal. a small-sized television camera (2), an electric circuit component (3), a small-sized image display section (4), and n (n≧1) levels (L_1 to L_n); The television camera (2) includes an optical lens system (21) and an imaging device (22), and inside the housing (1), the television camera (2) and
The electric circuit component (3) and the image display section (4) are housed and
At least one spirit level (L_1) is provided at a suitable location on the main body including the outer wall of the housing (1) in order to be able to adjust the optical axis of the optical lens system to a horizontal state. between the television camera (2) and the electric circuit component (3), and between the electric circuit component (3) and the image display section (4).
electrically coupled in an appropriate manner, and the electric circuit component (3
) includes a normal television basic circuit (31) consisting of a clock pulse generation circuit (CL), a horizontal synchronization signal generation circuit (H), a vertical synchronization signal generation circuit (V), a video signal amplification circuit (VA), etc. A reference line signal generation circuit or a shaded area signal generation circuit (32) is further provided outside, and the reference line signal generation circuit or shaded area signal generation circuit (32) is connected to the display screen (41) of the image display section (4). ) An electronic surveying instrument configured to generate a reference line signal or a shaded surface signal for causing a reference line or a shaded surface to appear at a proper location on the surface. (2) Tripod, tripod mount (B), and tripod mount (B)
It consists of a pedestal installed on the top of the pedestal, and a main body supported rotatably in a horizontal plane on the top of the pedestal. a connecting member that firmly connects the lower part of the hanger (S), a horizontal shaft that is supported horizontally between the upper ends of both hangers (S, S) and is vertically rotatable, and a connecting member that is fixed to the horizontal shaft and that is It has a cylindrical casing (1D) with a substantially circular or square cross section forming a cross shape, and the main body further has a light-shielding cover/housing that is disposed below the cylindrical casing (1D) and has an open part at the rear. (1
E), a television camera (2) as small as possible, an electric circuit component (3), a small image display section (4), and m (m≧
2) level gauges (L_1 to L_m), and the television camera (2) has an optical lens system (21) and an imaging device (22), and the TV camera (2) has an optical lens system (21) and an imaging device (22), and the television camera (2) has an optical lens system (21) and an imaging device (22), and is located inside the cylindrical casing (1D). is an optical lens system (2
1) and the imaging device (22), or only these two elements and a part of the electric circuit component (3), and all or the remainder of the electric circuit component (3) and the image display. Department (
4) is stored and arranged inside the housing (1E), and (1≦k<m) levels (L_
1 to L_k) are respectively cylindrical casings (1D) in order to be able to adjust the center line of the cylindrical casing (1D) and the optical axis of the optical lens system (2) to a horizontal state.
1D), and the remaining (m−k) levels among the m levels are arranged in an appropriate manner on the outer wall of
In order to be able to adjust the entire main body to a horizontal state, it is arranged in an appropriate manner at appropriate places on the main body except for the cylindrical casing (1), and is arranged inside the cylindrical casing (1D). The electrical elements disposed inside the housing (1E) are coupled with the electrical coupling means (10) for a rotating body, and the electrical elements disposed inside the housing (1E) Circuit configuration part (3
) and the image display section (4) are electrically coupled in an appropriate manner, and the electric circuit component (3) includes a clock pulse generation circuit (
In addition to the normal television basic circuit (31) consisting of a horizontal synchronizing signal generating circuit (CL), a horizontal synchronizing signal generating circuit (H), a vertical synchronizing signal generating circuit (V), a video signal amplifying circuit (VA), etc., there is also a reference line signal generating circuit. A reference line signal generation circuit or a shaded area signal generation circuit (32) is provided, and the reference line signal generation circuit or shaded area signal generation circuit (32) generates a reference line or a shaded area signal at an appropriate position on the display screen (41) of the image display section (4). An electronic surveying instrument configured to generate a reference line signal or a shaded surface signal for revealing a shaded surface. (3) A recording device (9); and a recording signal line (72) electrically connecting the electric circuit component (3) and the recording device (9). electronic surveying equipment.