JPH03280357A - Electrode of hydrogen storage alloy for alkaline storage battery - Google Patents

Electrode of hydrogen storage alloy for alkaline storage battery

Info

Publication number
JPH03280357A
JPH03280357A JP2080116A JP8011690A JPH03280357A JP H03280357 A JPH03280357 A JP H03280357A JP 2080116 A JP2080116 A JP 2080116A JP 8011690 A JP8011690 A JP 8011690A JP H03280357 A JPH03280357 A JP H03280357A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
metal phase
hydrogen storage
alloy
storage alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2080116A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2962763B2 (en
Inventor
Sanehiro Furukawa
古川 修弘
Mitsuzo Nogami
光造 野上
Seiji Kameoka
亀岡 誠司
Mikiaki Tadokoro
田所 幹朗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP2080116A priority Critical patent/JP2962763B2/en
Priority to DE4101753A priority patent/DE4101753A1/en
Publication of JPH03280357A publication Critical patent/JPH03280357A/en
Priority to US08/019,340 priority patent/US5290509A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2962763B2 publication Critical patent/JP2962763B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the charging/discharging efficiency in the initial period by forming a hydrogen storage alloy to be used to a neg. electrode from a plurality of inter-metal compound, whose chief metal phase is embodied in a specific composition formula and subsidiary metal includes at least boron. CONSTITUTION:Hydrogen storage alloy used to the neg. electrode of an alkaline battery is formed from a plurality of inter-metal compounds consisting of a chief metal phase as expressed by the composition formula Re-M and a subsidiary metal phase at least including boron, where Re is one or more of rare earth elements or alkali earth elements and M is one or more of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, Sn, Sb, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, Zn, Zr, and Ti. Thereby a crack will be initiated in the interface between the subsidiary metal phase and chief metal phase at the first cycle of charging/discharging, and electrolytic solution permeates in this crack to increase the reaction area of the electrode.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ)産業上の利用分野 本発明はアルカリ蓄電池の11極として用いられる水素
吸蔵合金電極に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage alloy electrode used as the 11 poles of an alkaline storage battery.

(ロ)従来の技術 従本から使用されている二次電池としては、ニッケルー
カドミウム電池の如きアルカリM 1ti池、あるいは
IiI 者電池などが挙げられるが、近イ1゛これらの
tk池よりも軽量、高等3itで高エネルギー密度とな
るi+)能性のある水素吸蔵合金電極を備えた金属酸化
物−水素アルカリ蓄電池が注目を浴びている。このM 
’=j1池に用いられる水素吸蔵合金としては、例えば
特公昭59−49G71号公報に示されているように、
■、aNi、や、その改良である1、aNi、Co、I
−aNia、mFce、などの水素吸蔵合金が用いられ
、またLa、 Cc、 I’r、 Nd、Smなどのラ
ンタン系の混合物であるミツシュメタル(M +s )
を用いた水素11&蔵合金が開発されている(例えば特
開昭62−20245号公報参照)。
(b) Conventional technology Secondary batteries that have been used include alkaline M1ti batteries, such as nickel-cadmium batteries, and Illi batteries; Metal oxide-hydrogen alkaline storage batteries equipped with hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrodes that are lightweight, high-quality 3IT, and have high energy density are attracting attention. This M
'=j1 Hydrogen storage alloys used in ponds include, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-49G71,
■, aNi, and its improvements 1, aNi, Co, I
- Hydrogen storage alloys such as aNia, mFce, etc. are used, and Mitsushmetal (M+s) is a mixture of lanthanum-based materials such as La, Cc, I'r, Nd, and Sm.
A hydrogen 11 & chloride alloy using hydrogen has been developed (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-20245).

この水素吸蔵合金を用いた水素極は、水素吸蔵合金−1
−で水素極の反応を進行させ充電時に生成する水素を水
素吸蔵合金中に吸蔵させてしまうものである。そして特
に水J:吸蔵1.tが大−きく、水素極の電極触媒能力
に優れた水素吸蔵合金を負極材料として用いると、高エ
ネルギー密度の電極を構成することができる。しかも充
放電電位がカドミウム電極と類似していることからカド
ミウムを負極とするニッケルーカドミウム電池と完全な
!i換性を有している。
A hydrogen electrode using this hydrogen storage alloy is hydrogen storage alloy-1
- The reaction at the hydrogen electrode proceeds and the hydrogen generated during charging is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy. And especially water J: occlusion 1. When a hydrogen storage alloy with a large t and excellent electrode catalytic ability is used as a negative electrode material, an electrode with high energy density can be constructed. Furthermore, since the charging and discharging potential is similar to that of a cadmium electrode, it is completely compatible with a nickel-cadmium battery that uses cadmium as the negative electrode! It has i exchangeability.

この水素吸蔵合金を負極に用いた電池はニッケルー水素
電池と呼ばれているが、例えば同一体積の密閑型ニッケ
ルー水素電池と、ニッケルーカドミウム電池とを比較す
ると、ニッケルー水素電池はニッケルーカドミウム電池
の約1.5倍のエネルギー密度を有している。
Batteries using this hydrogen storage alloy as the negative electrode are called nickel-metal hydride batteries. For example, if you compare a sealed nickel-metal hydride battery with the same volume as a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery is a nickel-cadmium battery. It has an energy density approximately 1.5 times that of

このように高エネルギー密度の観点から、電池が通常用
いられる常温域で水素吸蔵合金槍の多い水素吸蔵合金に
開発の重きが置かれていたが、現在までに開発された合
金を用いた場合、初ル1の充放電効率が低く、充放電の
サイクル初Nlから充分な電気化学容量が得られないと
いう問題があった。即ち、水素吸蔵合金電極は初期から
充電は容量であるが、放電の場合は合金内から合金表向
に水素が拡散するプロセスが律速段階となり、合金内に
水素が残留したまま転極してしまう現象が見られ、放−
に効率の点で問題があった。
In this way, from the perspective of high energy density, emphasis has been placed on the development of hydrogen-absorbing alloys with a large number of hydrogen-absorbing alloys in the room temperature range where batteries are normally used, but when using the alloys developed to date, There was a problem in that the charging/discharging efficiency of the initial charge/discharge cycle 1 was low, and sufficient electrochemical capacity could not be obtained from the initial Nl of the charging/discharging cycle. In other words, a hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode has a charging capacity from the beginning, but when discharging, the rate-determining process is the diffusion of hydrogen from within the alloy to the surface of the alloy, resulting in polarity reversal with hydrogen remaining within the alloy. The phenomenon is observed and the emission
There were problems with efficiency.

(ハ)発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明はこのような問題点に鑑みて為されたものであっ
て、初期の充放電効率とサイクル性能に優れた二次電池
、特にニッケルー水素二次電池に用いられる水素吸蔵合
金電極を提供するものである。
(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a secondary battery, particularly a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, with excellent initial charging/discharging efficiency and cycle performance. The present invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy electrode used for.

(ニ)課題を解決するための1段 本発明は、アルカリM電池用水素吸蔵合金を。(d) The first step to solving the problem The present invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy for alkaline M batteries.

組成式Re−M(ただし、Rcは希!二類元素、アルカ
リ1−類元案の一秤以上、MはNi、Co、Mn、A1
、Cr%Fc、 Cu、 Sn、 Sb、 Mo、■、
Nb。
Compositional formula Re-M (where Rc is a rare! 2nd class element, more than one weight of alkali 1st class element, M is Ni, Co, Mn, A1
, Cr%Fc, Cu, Sn, Sb, Mo, ■,
Nb.

Ta、 Zn、Zr、Tiのうちから選ばれた一秤以1
、)で表される王たる金属相と、少くともホウ素を含む
従たる金属相との複数の金り間化合物相によって構成さ
せている。
One weight or more selected from Ta, Zn, Zr, Ti
, ) and a plurality of intermetallic compound phases including a primary metal phase and a secondary metal phase containing at least boron.

(ホ)作用 電極として用いる水素吸蔵合金を、組成式Rc−Mで表
される主たる金属相とホウ素を含む従たる金属相との複
数の金属間化合物相によって構成させている。従って主
たる金属相聞に従たる金属相が分散し、この従たる金属
相を有する水素吸蔵合金を電極材料として用いた場合、
lサイクル11の充放電で従たる金属相と主たる金属相
との界面からクラックが生じ、そのクラックに電解液が
浸透することによって電極の反応面積が増大し、結果的
に二次電池のサイクル初期の充放電効率が改みされる。
(E) The hydrogen storage alloy used as the working electrode is composed of a plurality of intermetallic compound phases including a main metal phase represented by the composition formula Rc-M and a secondary metal phase containing boron. Therefore, the secondary metal phase is dispersed between the main metal phase, and when a hydrogen storage alloy having this secondary metal phase is used as an electrode material,
During charging and discharging in cycle 11, cracks occur at the interface between the secondary metal phase and the main metal phase, and as the electrolyte penetrates into the cracks, the reaction area of the electrode increases, and as a result, the initial cycle of the secondary battery The charging and discharging efficiency will be improved.

(へ)実施例 −・般に市販されている原料を秤量し、高周波誘導炉を
用いて「第1表」に示す71III類の合金を作成した
。尚、融点の高い元素については予めN1に固溶させて
合金を作成した。合金は機械的に粉砕し、i−均粒径5
0μmの粉本とした後、結着剤としてポリテトラフルオ
ロエチレン粉末lO%を混合し、ペースト状とした。次
にこのペーストをニッケルメツシュで包み込んでl i
on/ cta”の圧力で加圧成型し、水J:吸蔵合金
電極を得た。尚、ここで−に極1 個当りに含有される合金は 1.0gで ある。
(F) Example - Generally commercially available raw materials were weighed, and alloys of type 71III shown in "Table 1" were prepared using a high frequency induction furnace. Note that elements with high melting points were dissolved in N1 in advance to form alloys. The alloy was mechanically ground to an i-average particle size of 5
After making it into a powder of 0 μm, 10% of polytetrafluoroethylene powder was mixed as a binder to make a paste. Next, wrap this paste in nickel mesh and
On/cta'' pressure was applied to obtain a water storage alloy electrode.The amount of alloy contained per electrode was 1.0 g.

第1表 ころ、今令Gは金属間化合物相であるC aCusp!
:!の+1t−・相HII造であったのに対し、合金A
 −Fは、1:、たる金属相であるC aCu、相の他
に、ホウ素化合物に帰属されると思われる解析ピークが
検出された。即ち、Δ〜■?の合金は、主たる金属相で
あるC aCLls型金属相と、従たる金属相であるホ
ウ素化合物とからなる複合合金であることが分かつた。
Around Table 1, G is an intermetallic compound phase, CaCusp!
:! It was +1t- phase HII structure, whereas alloy A
-F is 1: In addition to the CaCu phase, which is a barrel metal phase, an analysis peak that is thought to be attributed to a boron compound was detected. That is, Δ~■? The alloy was found to be a composite alloy consisting of a CaCLls-type metal phase as a main metal phase and a boron compound as a secondary metal phase.

「第1表」に示した合金A−Gを用いて形成した電極を
、電極容量が100100Oの正極と組み合わせ、:(
0w1%のK O11を用いてニッケルー水素電池を作
製し、初ル1の充放電効率を測定した。測定条件は充電
電流50o+A/gで4時1111充電した後、放電’
を流150mA/gで電池電圧が1,0■に達するまで
放電するものとした。「第2表」にこれらの電池の放電
界11tを示す。
An electrode formed using alloys A-G shown in "Table 1" was combined with a positive electrode having an electrode capacity of 100100O, :(
A nickel-metal hydride battery was fabricated using 0w1% KO11, and the initial charging and discharging efficiency was measured. The measurement conditions were a charging current of 50o+A/g, charging at 4:11, then discharging.
The battery was discharged at a current of 150 mA/g until the battery voltage reached 1.0 . "Table 2" shows the discharge field 11t of these batteries.

第2表 た電池の放電界ちtは、比較合金Gを用いた電池に比べ
て放電容燵がl、(i措置1.増にしており、組ガて1
6後の初期状態から充放電効率が良kTであることが分
かる。
The discharge field of the battery shown in Table 2 shows that the discharge capacity is increased by 1. compared to the battery using comparative alloy G.
It can be seen from the initial state after 6 days that the charging/discharging efficiency is good kT.

1゜記の合金を用いたtt極を充放電電流値200mA
/gで! 、 511.¥間充電すると共に、放電は電
池型11′が1.Ovに達するまで行うという条件で充
放1にサイクル試験を行った。第1図にその時のサイク
ル数と放X11容IItとの関係を示す。本発明に係る
電極を用いた電池A −1”は、充放電サイクル経過に
伴い放−を容11tが低下するものの、比較電池Cに比
べてその低−Fの度合いはずへ1かである。
Charging and discharging current value of 200 mA using tt electrode using alloy described in 1゜
/g! , 511. The battery type 11' is charged and discharged for 1. A cycle test was conducted in charging and discharging 1 under the condition that the cycle test was performed until reaching Ov. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the number of cycles and the output X11 capacity IIt at that time. In the battery A-1'' using the electrode according to the present invention, although the discharge capacity 11t decreases as the charge/discharge cycle progresses, the degree of the low -F is about 1 compared to the comparative battery C.

このように本発明電極を用いた電池の特性向、1−は、
比較的柔らかい81−類元素、アルカリ1−類元素−ニ
ッケル系の1:、なる金属相内に、ホウ素を含む従たる
金属相が分散されているために合金が硬化し、微粉化が
抑制されたことと、このような構成の合金は硬いが脆い
t:め、初jlJIに比較的大きいクラックが発生し、
クラック内に生成した新しい反応面には電解液が容易に
浸透し得るので初期放電特性が向1−シたものと考えら
れる。
As described above, the characteristics of the battery using the electrode of the present invention, 1-, are as follows:
Because the secondary metal phase containing boron is dispersed within the relatively soft metal phase of 81-class elements, alkali 1-class elements, and nickel, the alloy hardens and pulverization is suppressed. In addition, since the alloy with this structure is hard but brittle, a relatively large crack occurred at the first jlJI.
It is thought that the initial discharge characteristics were improved because the electrolytic solution could easily penetrate into the new reaction surface formed within the crack.

(ト)発明の効果 本発明は以1−の説明から明らかなように、アルカリ蓄
−り池用水素坂蔵合金X1f、極を、組成式Re−M(
ただし、+<cl、t@l−類元素、アルカリーL類元
素の・秤量11、MはNi、Co、M n、Δ1、Cr
、F e、Cu、  Sn、  Sb、  Mo、 V
、  Nb、  Ta、 Zn、 Z 「、Tiのうち
から選ばれた一秤量1−)で表されるにたる金属相と、
少くともホウ素を含む従たる金属相との複数の金属間化
合物相によって構成させているので、充放電の1サイク
ル11から電極の活性化が−れ、充放電の初期から高1
・充放t1z効)林が得られ、充分な電気化学容量を有
する二次電池を形成することができろ1. 4、図面の簡はt fc 、ffl明 第1図は本発明・電極を用いた電池の充放電サイクル数
と放1u′8量との関係曲線図である。
(G) Effects of the Invention As is clear from the explanation in 1- below, the present invention provides hydrogen slope storage alloy X1f for alkaline storage ponds, an electrode with the composition formula Re-M (
However, +<cl, t@l- class element, alkaline L class element - Weighness 11, M is Ni, Co, M n, Δ1, Cr
, Fe, Cu, Sn, Sb, Mo, V
, Nb, Ta, Zn, Z", a metal phase represented by a basis weight 1-) selected from Ti,
Since the electrode is composed of multiple intermetallic compound phases with a secondary metal phase containing at least boron, the electrode is activated from one charge/discharge cycle 11, and the high
・Charge/discharge t1z effect) can be obtained and a secondary battery with sufficient electrochemical capacity can be formed.1. 4. The simplified drawings are t fc and ffl. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of charge/discharge cycles and the amount of emitted 1u'8 of a battery using the electrode of the present invention.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)複数の金属間化合物相から構成される合金を備え
、その主たる金属相が組成式Re−M(ただし、Reは
希土類元素、アルカリ土類元素の一種以上、MはNi、
Co、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、Cu、Sn、Sb、M
o、V、Nb、Ta、Zn、Zr、Tiのうちから選ば
れた一種以上)で表され、従たる金属相が少なくともホ
ウ素を含むことを特徴とするアルカリ蓄電池用水素吸蔵
合金電極。
(1) An alloy composed of multiple intermetallic compound phases, the main metal phase of which has the composition formula Re-M (where Re is one or more of rare earth elements and alkaline earth elements, M is Ni,
Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, Sn, Sb, M
1. A hydrogen storage alloy electrode for an alkaline storage battery, characterized in that the secondary metal phase contains at least boron.
(2)上記従たる金属相は、ホウ素とIVa属元素との化
合物相、ホウ素とVa属元素との化合物相、及びホウ素
とVIa属元素との化合物相から選ばれる少なくとも一種
の金属相を含む請求項1記載のアルカリ蓄電池用水素吸
蔵合金電極。
(2) The secondary metal phase includes at least one metal phase selected from a compound phase of boron and a group IVa element, a compound phase of boron and a group Va element, and a compound phase of boron and a group VIa element. The hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1.
JP2080116A 1990-01-22 1990-03-28 Hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline storage batteries Expired - Lifetime JP2962763B2 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2080116A JP2962763B2 (en) 1990-03-28 1990-03-28 Hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline storage batteries
DE4101753A DE4101753A1 (en) 1990-01-22 1991-01-22 Hydrogen absorbing metal-alloy for use in alkaline batteries - gives improved charging-discharging as well as cycling performance due to presence of boron-rich phase
US08/019,340 US5290509A (en) 1990-01-22 1993-02-18 Multiphase hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode for an alkaline storage cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2080116A JP2962763B2 (en) 1990-03-28 1990-03-28 Hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline storage batteries

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03280357A true JPH03280357A (en) 1991-12-11
JP2962763B2 JP2962763B2 (en) 1999-10-12

Family

ID=13709224

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2080116A Expired - Lifetime JP2962763B2 (en) 1990-01-22 1990-03-28 Hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline storage batteries

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2962763B2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609609A3 (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-31 Sanyo Electric Co
CN119703068A (en) * 2024-12-27 2025-03-28 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 Rare earth hydrogen storage alloy and preparation method and application thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609609A3 (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-31 Sanyo Electric Co
US5376474A (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-12-27 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Hydrogen-absorbing alloy for a negative electrode and manufacturing method therefor
CN119703068A (en) * 2024-12-27 2025-03-28 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 Rare earth hydrogen storage alloy and preparation method and application thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2962763B2 (en) 1999-10-12

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