JPH0331967B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention is utilized in the technical field of burning flame-retardant combustible materials that are difficult or impossible to use in known combustion devices, and in particular, those that contain a large amount of water. This invention relates to a combustion device that stably and efficiently burns mineral and biological oils and inferior combustible materials with a high solid content.

[Prior Art] This type of combustion device is a device in which a heating medium such as sand or pebbles is stored in a combustion chamber, and the poor-quality combustible material is blown up and circulated in the combustion chamber together with the heating medium, thereby burning the poor-quality combustible material. is known (see JP-A-60-216113, JP-A-60-226607 and JP-A-60-256708).

[Problems to be solved] In conventional combustion equipment, combustible materials and heating medium are blown up and circulated through a single air introduction pipe, so the amount of circulating heating medium is determined separately from the amount of combustible material supplied. cannot be controlled independently. Therefore, it has been difficult to adjust the circulation amount of the heating medium to an optimum value depending on the flame retardance of the inferior combustible material.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of conventional combustion devices, enables stable and safe combustion of any uneven liquid combustible material, and also achieves thermally efficient combustion. - The purpose is to provide an economical combustion device that can perform heating and has a low manufacturing cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the combustion device according to the present invention includes a container having a bottom portion whose cross-sectional area decreases downwardly, and a space provided within the container with a space between the bottom portion and the bottom portion. An inner cylinder with an open top and bottom, heat-resistant solid particles filled in the bottom of the container, and a discharge end protruding upward from the bottom of the container into the container, with a discharge end near the lower end of the inner cylinder. a flammable liquid inlet pipe located in the inner cylinder, and a first air inlet mechanism provided in the container for feeding air for burning the flammable liquid in the inner cylinder, the flammable liquid inlet pipe a first air supply mechanism surrounding the combustible liquid supply pipe, the discharge end of which is located at approximately the same position as the discharge end of the flammable liquid supply pipe;
A second air supply mechanism for supplying air for circulating the heat-resistant solid particles, the second air supply mechanism being provided separately from the first air supply mechanism, and configured to supply air to the first air supply mechanism at the lowest part of the container. The second air inlet mechanism has a porous air outlet around the base of the mechanism.

The combustion device of the present invention is configured so that a heterogeneous liquid combustible material or a combustible material containing solids is introduced and simultaneously comes into contact with a group of high-temperature solid coarse particles, and all of the high-temperature solid coarse particles become an ignition source. Therefore, any heterogeneous liquid combustible material or combustible material containing solids will be ignited without fail, and stable and safe combustion can continue.

The combustion device of the present invention is composed of a coarse particle filling part whose cross-sectional area decreases toward the bottom, an inner cylinder made of a heat-resistant material, and a liquid feed pipe that spouts liquid combustible material upward. The coarse particles are fluidized by air introduced from below through an air baffle plate that is part of the second air supply mechanism installed at the bottom of the coarse particle filling section, and are almost constantly pumped into the interior of the inner cylinder. is circulated. Droplets of liquid combustible material ejected from the liquid inlet pipe are sent into the inner cylinder, where they come into contact with a group of high-temperature solid particles, where they are rapidly heated, dispersed, and evaporated. It mixes with the combustion air that is simultaneously introduced into the air and ignites immediately.

The group of coarse particles protrudes upward from the inner cylinder with the rising combustion gas, but descends due to the action of gravity and falls on the annular part outside the inner cylinder and inside the combustion device. High-temperature solid coarse particles accumulate in the annular portion, but these continue to slowly descend into the coarse particle filling section, become fluidized, and circulate inside the inner cylinder.

[Operation] As described above, in order to burn a heterogeneous liquid combustible material or a combustible material containing solids using the combustion apparatus of the present invention, first, the air inlet passing through the air baffle plate is stopped, and the solid coarse particles are removed. Let it accumulate only at the bottom,
Normal liquid fuel is fed into the liquid feed pipe, and combustion air is fed around the discharge end of the flammable liquid feed pipe through the first air feed mechanism to a pilot burner provided in the combustion chamber. It then ignites and causes normal combustion, raising the temperature of the combustion chamber.
By gradually introducing air through an air baffle plate, the solid is circulated and heated, and when it reaches a temperature sufficient to ignite, a specified heterogeneous flame-retardant liquid incombustible material or combustible material containing solids is delivered. Enter,
Perform steady combustion. In this case, the heterogeneous liquid combustible material may be a mixture of water and fuel oil.

Even with combustible flame-retardant liquids that cannot be burned in a normal burner, extremely stable and safe constant combustion operations can be achieved through the circulation and contact of high-temperature coarse particles.

Combustion operations are not necessarily carried out continuously; for example, so-called intermittent operations, in which the combustion is started in the morning and stopped in the evening, are often carried out, especially in small-scale business establishments. In such an operation, the solid coarse particles that were at a high temperature at the time of shutdown have a large heat capacity, so the temperature drop until the next morning is small, so there is no need to perform the ignition operation as described above, and ignition operation can be started immediately. Therefore, there is no loss of heat energy and labor.

Since the kinetic energy of fluidizing and ejecting solid coarse particles is large, combustible materials containing heterogeneous liquids or solids that are difficult to disperse can be sufficiently dispersed within the inner cylinder and can be reliably combusted.

The ash generated by combustion equipment usually tends to stick to the particle layer, but in the case of coarse particles, it has a large kinetic energy as mentioned above, so it does not stick and flows smoothly. It circulates and can serve as a sufficient ignition source, so operation can be done at high temperatures and the volume of the combustion device can be reduced.

[Embodiments] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 indicates a combustion device main body made of a cylindrical container, and a solid coarse particle-filled portion 2 whose cross-sectional area decreases downwardly is provided at the bottom thereof. In this solid coarse particle filling section, a liquid feed pipe 4 projects upward into the combustion apparatus main body from approximately the center of the bottom of the combustion apparatus main body. A cylindrical inner tube 3 made of a heat-resistant material and having an annular gap with the inner wall surface of the device main body and having open upper and lower surfaces is provided above the liquid feed pipe. The discharge end of the liquid feed pipe 4 may protrude into this inner cylinder. An annular first air feeding mechanism 7 is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical container so as to surround the liquid feeding tube 4 . The discharge end of the first air supply mechanism 7 is preferably provided at approximately the same position as the discharge end of the liquid supply pipe 4, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, an air baffle plate 5 forming a part of the second air feeding mechanism is provided on the apparatus main body, that is, at the bottom of the combustion chamber, so as to surround the base of the first air feeding mechanism 7. This air baffle plate has, for example, a porous plate or porous material plate structure and supports a layer of solid coarse particles. The annular gap between the inner wall surface of the combustion device main body 1 and the outer surface of the inner cylinder 3 is filled with solid coarse particles. The solid coarse particles can be of any type as long as they have an average particle size of 0.5 mm to 6 mm and are made of heat-resistant material.For example, they may be made of abrasion-resistant and inexpensive materials such as alumina, silica, or silica/alumina. is preferable, and there are no restrictions on the shape, but spherical ones are preferable. In addition, the combustion chamber is provided with a known pilot burner 21 for initial ignition for igniting ordinary liquid fuel fed through a liquid feed pipe.

Combustion air is introduced from the air inlet 6 of the first air inlet mechanism 7 , passes through the annular portion around the liquid inlet pipe 4 , and is blown out from the discharge end of the liquid inlet pipe 4 . Droplets of liquid rise from the discharge end in a state of intense turbulence, and high-temperature solid coarse particles circulating inside the inner cylinder 3 are mixed in, making contact with these droplets and igniting them, resulting in stable combustion. Let it happen. At this time, a heat insulating tube 8 made of a heat-resistant material is provided around this annular portion to prevent overheating of the liquid feed tube.

On the other hand, air for particle circulation is introduced from the air inlet 9, passes through the air baffle plate 5, fluidizes the high temperature coarse particle layer in the solid coarse particle filling section 2, and almost constantly maintains the high temperature coarse particle layer. The particles are circulated into the inner cylinder. At this time, a high-temperature coarse particle layer 10 is deposited on the annular portion between the inner wall surface of the combustion device main body 1 and the outer surface of the inner cylinder 3, and descends at a slow speed into the solid coarse particle filling section 2. It is then fluidized and circulated. In this case, the temperature of the solid coarse particles is preferably in the range of 500 to 1100°C.

Combustion is performed in the internal space 11 of the inner cylinder 3,
The high-temperature combustion gas flows upward at high speed, but at the same time, it is accompanied by high-temperature solid coarse particles and flows into the inner cylinder 3.
It is carried up to the space 12 above. In the case of extremely heterogeneous and flame-retardant liquid combustibles or combustibles containing solids, solids containing high-temperature solid coarse carbon are deposited in the interior 11 of the inner cylinder 3, but the temperature of the space 12 is sufficiently high and the residence time of the solid coarse particles in the space 12 is long, so that the solid components are completely burned. In the space 12, the solid coarse particles reduce their rising speed due to gravity and turn around, mainly falling in the area close to the inner wall surface of the combustion device 1; , the high-temperature solid coarse particles are deposited on the upper surface of the high-temperature coarse particle layer 10 formed in the annular portion between the inner wall surface and the outer surface of the inner cylinder of the combustion device 1, so that the high-temperature solid coarse particles become more solid particles than the coarse particle layer 10. Filling part 2, inner cylinder interior 11, internal space 1
2. The high temperature coarse particle layer 10 is circulated almost constantly.

FIG. 1 shows a case where the combustion gas outlet 13 is provided near the top surface of the inner cylinder, and the combustion gas rising from the space 11 in the inner cylinder at a high flow rate is reversed and directed downward, and inside the space 12. By flowing downward in a region close to the inner wall surface of the combustion device 1, the accompanying high-temperature solid coarse particles are prevented from colliding with the top of the combustion device 1. At this time, the number and shape of the combustion gas outlets 13 and their positional relationship with respect to the upper surface of the inner cylinder are arbitrary. For example, it is preferable to provide a plurality of outlets 13' around the axis of symmetry as shown in FIG.

In the combustion apparatus of the present invention, not only the liquid combustible material is introduced through the liquid introduction pipe 4, but also an inlet port 14 is provided at an appropriate position in the space 12, so that, for example, combustible materials including solids are introduced. The internal space 11 of the inner cylinder 3 contains combustible materials that are difficult to pump.
can be sent to.

For example, if the gas needs to be treated at a high temperature, such as with odorous gas, the gas is fed downward through the inlet 15 opened at the top of the combustion device 1, and the gas rises as well. It is possible to prevent the high-temperature solid coarse particles coming from colliding with the top.

When the liquid fed through the liquid feed pipe 4 has a large calorific value, such as waste oil or fish oil, it is necessary to recover the thermal energy generated by combustion. Figure 2 (For simplicity, only the upper half of the combustion device is shown; the lower half is
Since it is the same as the first embodiment, the explanation will be omitted. ) is an embodiment for this case, in which the wall surface around the space 12 of the combustion device is constructed using a water cooling jacket 16, and the water fed into the jacket 16 from the water inlet 17 is heated, and the water is supplied as hot water to the hot water inlet 18. It can also be drained from.

In addition, when thermal energy is recovered by steam, the reference numerals in FIG. By surrounding the space 12 with water pipes such as those shown at 19, efficient steam generation can be achieved using intense radiant heat energy from the combustion gas and the high-temperature solid coarse particles.

1 to 3 are examples in which the combustion gas outlet is installed at the lower part of the combustion device space 12, but its position is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, in FIG. Only the upper half is shown, and the lower half is omitted because it is similar to the first embodiment.) The combustion gas outlet 20 may be installed at the top of the combustion device 1.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

It is possible to stably burn heterogeneous flame-retardant combustible liquids or liquids containing solids that cannot be burned using known burners.

It is highly efficient and safe with no risk of misfire.

Due to the large heat capacity of solid coarse particles, immediate ignition and steady operation are possible even in intermittent operation, resulting in high thermal efficiency.

There is no blockage of solid particles even when the machine is stopped.

It is easy to observe the flow and combustion conditions and is easy to operate.

The air for coarse particle circulation is sent through a separate inlet from the combustion air that circulates flame-retardant and noncombustible materials, so by controlling the amount of air sent through the second air supply mechanism, it is possible to The circulation amount of coarse particles can be adjusted to the optimum state independently of the amount of material supplied.

Since the first air supply mechanism surrounds the flammable liquid supply pipe to almost the same position as the discharge end of the flammable liquid supply pipe, the flammable liquid supply pipe itself does not need to be directly heated. . Therefore, clogging of the discharge end of the flammable liquid feed pipe due to carbonization of the fuel can be avoided. Also, direct contact of circulating solid particles with the heatable liquid inlet tube is minimized.

The first air supply mechanism surrounding the flammable liquid supply pipe has a discharge end at approximately the same position as the discharge end of the flammable liquid supply pipe, and therefore has a great effect of blowing off the combustible liquid.

Since the discharge end of the flammable liquid feed pipe is located near the lower end of the inner cylinder, evaporation and combustion of the liquid combustible material is reliably performed inside the inner cylinder.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the outline of the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 show modifications of the upper shape of the combustion device, respectively.
FIG. 7 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view showing the device of the fourth embodiment. 1...Combustion device main body, 2...Solid coarse particle filling section, 3...Inner cylinder, 4...Liquid feed pipe, 5...Air straightening plate, 6, 9...Air inlet, 7...Air Inlet section, 8...Insulated pipe, 10...Coarse particle layer, 11...
Inner cylinder internal space, 12... Combustion device space, 13,
13'... Combustion gas outlet, 14... Combustible material inlet,
15... Gas inlet, 16... Water cooling jacket,
17...Water inlet, 18...Hot water inlet, 19...Water pipe, 20...Combustion gas discharge port, 21...Pilot burner.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A container having a bottom whose cross-sectional area decreases downward; an inner cylinder with an open upper and lower surface provided within the container with a space between the bottom; heat-resistant solid particles filled in the bottom of the container; a heat-resistant liquid feed pipe provided to protrude upward from the bottom of the container into the container and having a discharge end located near the lower end of the inner cylinder; , a first air supply mechanism provided in the container for supplying air for combustion of the flammable liquid in the inner cylinder, the first air supply mechanism surrounding the flammable liquid supply pipe and having a discharge end disposed in the combustible liquid a first air supply mechanism located at approximately the same position as the discharge end of the liquid supply pipe; and a second air supply mechanism for supplying air for circulating the heat-resistant solid particles, the first air supply mechanism comprising: A second air inlet mechanism is provided separately from the inlet mechanism and has a porous air outlet around the base of the first air inlet mechanism at the lowest part of the container. A combustion device that uses coarse particles as a medium.