JPH0339856A - Air conditioner for underground residence room and lighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To control air environments in an underground room by energy consumption of minimum limit through a year by controlling infrared ray penetration of a natural lighting device according to a signal detected by a sensor and states of temperature and humidity inside and out side of the room. CONSTITUTION:Underground outer environment measuring temperature sensor 4, humidity sensor 5, underground inner environment measuring temperature sensor 6, and humidity sensor 8 detect environmental state to become fundamental data of controlling operations of air conditioners 3. A lighting device 8 for lighting natural light on the ground into an underground room uses, for example, a duct type lighting device, can vary infrared ray penetration of infrared rays having 800nm or more of wavelengths, and has a mirror having approx. 90% or more of reflectivity of a light, formed on the inner surface of the device 8. An infrared ray cut filter 11 is used as a device for varying the penetration of the infrared rays to vary an angle to be formed with a transparent window 10. A photosensor 12 detects the incident amount of a natural light 9. The infrared ray penetration of the lighting device is reduced in summer, room heating air conditioning load is alleviated by radiation heat of lighting in winter to be controlled to increase the infrared ray penetration.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a daylighting device that optimizes the state of natural light in a residential basement, and an air conditioner that controls the air environment of a residential basement to a state suitable for living. Regarding equipment.

(b) Prior art In recent years, attempts have been made to utilize basements as living spaces from the standpoint of efficient use of living spaces, and these efforts have attracted attention. However, the air quality inside basements in Japan is generally lower than that outside.
Because of the high humidity, fresh outside air must be introduced into the basement for residential use, however,
When hot, humid outside air is introduced into a basement during the rainy season, condensation tends to form on the walls of the basement. As a result, signs appear on the walls, etc., and it is no longer possible to maintain a comfortable and sanitary living basement space. To this end, a method of introducing the necessary fresh outside air while controlling temperature and humidity to prevent condensation has been studied.
No. 443>.

On the other hand, if a basement is intended for living, it is required to have natural light from sunlight during the day.
In accordance with the lighting standards stipulated in the Building Standards Act, it is common for lighting windows with an area of about one-seventh of the basement floor area to be installed on the ground floor.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-mentioned conventional technology, the temperature of the ground room space was controlled at 8 degrees, and the daylighting was treated as an independent 1 degree, so in the summer, the daylighting was Due to the radiant heat flowing in due to this, the operating range of the air conditioner for temperature and humidity control becomes larger, resulting in a problem of increased energy consumption.

In view of such problems, some proposals have been made to use window materials that block infrared rays to let in sunlight in order to prevent the inflow of heat due to radiation. However, the proposed configuration would block the radiant heat from natural lighting that reduces the heating load during the daytime in the winter, and also block the heat released by radiation from the basement during the nighttime in the summer. There was a new problem: wasted energy consumption of the device.

(d) Measures to solve the problem include installing a natural lighting device and natural lighting solution in the basement.
+! It is equipped with a second light sensor and controls the red light of the L'1 natural daylighting device based on the signal detected by the light sensor and the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity conditions. ing.

(E) Effect According to the present invention, when there is a large inflow of radiant heat due to daylight in summer and the air conditioning control in the basement is in cooling mode, the temperature and humidity of the residential basement are reduced and the air conditioning load is reduced. control to reduce Furthermore, when it is expected that the heating air conditioning load in the basement will be reduced due to radiant heat due to sunlight during daylight hours in winter, control is performed to increase the temperature and humidity.

(F) Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings. P, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning system and lighting system for a residential basement by Miyazaki+jlJ. <1)
is the ground surface, and the fully underground residential basement (2) is L!
[! The equipment installed (3) is an air conditioner for controlling the temperature and humidity inside the basement, and here it is used for cooling, heating,
Remove ifl! A heat pump type air foundation is used. (4) and (5) are +1 for measuring the environment outside the basement! The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor (6) and (7> are temperature sensors and humidity sensors for measuring the environment in the basement, and each detects the environmental state as basic data for operation control of the air conditioner (3).

(8) is a lighting device for directing natural light into the basement; in this example, a Dak]-type lighting device is used, and the inner surface of this lighting device (8) reflects light. It is made of mirrors with a mirror ratio of about 90% or more.

Figure 9) shows natural light, that is, direct light from the sun and scattered light from the clouds, and the transparent light that also serves as an IL to prevent dust from flowing into the lighting device (8) and to prevent people and objects from falling. Lid plate
8゛) and is reflected on the inner surface of the lighting device (8),
It is introduced into the basement (2) through the transparent window (10). The infrared cut filter (11) is used as a device to vary the amount of infrared light transmitted.
The angle formed with the B window (10) can be varied. (12) is a light sensor, and natural light from the ground (9
) is used to detect the incident jet. (13) is a ventilation fan that is provided to introduce fresh outside air into the basement.

Next, the operation of the variable mechanism of the infrared light transmitter using the infrared cut filter <11) of the daylighting device (8), which is the main part of the present invention, will be explained using FIGS. 2 to 5. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing this temperature and humidity variable mechanism, and (15) is the wall that makes up the basement.
A transparent window (10) of approximately t o nm square is embedded. On the - side of this transparent window (1o), approximately 20 infrared cut filters (11), which do not transmit infrared rays and are 59 m wide and 1000 m long, are attached so that they can move freely, and the movable motor (16) makes them transparent. The angle formed by the window (10) and the infrared cut filter (11) can be changed.The infrared cut filter (11) used in this example is a heat ray absorbing filter manufactured by Schöl. Glass KG-1 is used. Its spectral transmittance characteristics are shown in FIG.
Visible light with a wavelength of 0.8 μm < 800 nm) has a transmittance of approximately 90%.
Only 1% or less of the above infrared rays are transmitted.

Further, the characteristic diagram shown in FIG. 4 shows an example of the spectral irradiance of natural light, and it can be seen that natural light includes not only visible light but also infrared rays with a wavelength of several μm.

Therefore, when the natural light shown in Figure 4 is passed through an infrared cut filter (11) made of KG-1, which has spectral transmission characteristics as shown in Figure 3, the spectrum of only visible light as shown in Figure 5 will be obtained. is obtained. Based on this principle, the second
The temperature and humidity variable mechanism shown in the figure is constructed such that if the movable motor (16) is operated so that the infrared cut filter (11) is perpendicular to the transparent window (lO), the temperature and humidity can be adjusted inside the basement. Natural light including a spectrum in the infrared region as shown in FIG. 4 is incident, and the temperature of the basement space can be raised by the radiant heat introduced along with the incident light. In addition, if there is no natural light available only at night, the heat generated in the basement can be converted into radiant heat using a daylighting device (8).
It can be released outdoors through.

On the other hand, the infrared filter (11) is connected to the transparent window (10
) If the moving motor (16) is operated in parallel to This allows only daylight that can be introduced inside the building and does not contain heat. Furthermore, at night, it is possible to prevent heat from flowing out from the basement due to infrared radiation.

Next, FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of the control system of the daylighting device 1t (8) and the air conditioner (3) in this embodiment. As explained in FIG. 1, the air conditioner (3), the temperature sensor (4) and humidity sensor (5) for measuring the outdoor environment, the temperature sensor (6> and the humidity sensor (7>) for measuring the environment in the basement,
Infrared cut filter (11), optical sensor (12),
The ventilation fan (13) shows the same thing. Here, (1
4) is a control computer, which integrally controls the air conditioner (3), the lighting device (8), and the ventilation fan (13) based on detection signals from the various sensors.

Furthermore, using the flowchart shown in FIG. 7, the overall operation of the residential basement air conditioning system (3) and lighting system (8) of this embodiment will be explained. (17) is the basement humidity (Hi
In the step of comparing n) with a predetermined humidity (Hl>), if Hin≧H1, the process proceeds to step (18) of humidity control, and the indoor absolute humidity (HAio) and the outside air absolute humidity (HAout) are compared. As a result, when the outside air has lower humidity (HAin≧HA out), a large amount of energy is consumed by introducing outside air with lower absolute humidity into the basement by driving ventilation M (13). Humidity (Hin) in the basement without depending on the air conditioner (3)
) is lowered to a predetermined value (H1'). Conversely, when the outdoor humidity is higher than the indoor humidity (HA in < HA out
), the air conditioner (3) is operated in dehumidification mode and Hin<
) (Continue dehumidifying operation until the temperature reaches F.

Next, in step (17), when the indoor humidity is lower than a predetermined value (Hin<Hl), humidity control is not necessary, so proceed to step (19) for temperature control, and set the indoor temperature (Tin). is a predetermined temperature range (
Tl to T2) is determined. If the room temperature (Tin) is within the predetermined temperature range, the process returns to step (17) without doing anything.

On the other hand, if Tin is higher than TI or lower than T2, the process proceeds to step (20>, where it is determined which is the case.e If Txa>71, cooling is required.At this time , the light intensity (Op) flowing in from the daylighting device (8>) is detected by the optical sensor (12)'', and its output is compared with a predetermined predetermined fa (Opl) to determine whether it is daytime and the heat due to natural light is being absorbed. It is determined whether there is an inflow, and in that case, the infrared cut filter (11) is closed and the air conditioner (3) is operated in cooling mode.

On the other hand, at night etc. Op<Op? If so, heat can be emitted from the basement through the daylighting device (8) to the outside by infrared radiation, so open the infrared cut filter (1!) and then operate the air conditioner (3) at 7 to 7 degrees. In either of the above cases, the process proceeds to step (21>), and the cooling operation is continued until the indoor temperature (Tin) becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined value (Tl').

Further, in step (20), when the indoor temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature range (7in<T2), heating is required, and at that time, the detection value (
Op> is compared with a predetermined value (Op2). If Op<Op2, a heating effect can be expected from the radiant heat of infrared rays contained in natural light, so open the infrared cut filter (11) and then turn on the air conditioner (3).
! Drive in cluster mode. Conversely, at night, Op<O
When the temperature reaches p2, the infrared cut filter (11) is closed and heating operation is performed in order to block the release of heat due to radiant heat from the basement.

In either case, proceed to step (22>) and proceed to the room temperature (T
After continuing the heating operation until in) becomes equal to or greater than the predetermined value (T2'), the process returns to step (17>).

Hereinafter, we will compare the energy required for air-conditioning a residential basement equipped with the air conditioner (3) and daylighting device (8) of this embodiment described above and a residential basement using the conventional technology.

According to actual measurement data, a daylighting device with an effective opening area of 1m" (
8), the heat energy flowing into the basement by infrared radiation per hour during the day is 114 K at the summer solstice.
cal, 170 Kcal in midsummer.

At the autumn equinox, it was 53 Kcal, at the winter solstice it was 30 Kcal, and in the middle of winter it was 88 Kcal.On the other hand, the amount of heat that must be controlled by an air conditioner is approximately 800 Kcal per hour during cooling, and 88 Kcal per hour during heating. 1200Kc
Al, in the case of the present invention, energy consumption can be expected to be reduced by 14 to 21% in summer, and energy consumption can be expected to be reduced by 3 to 7% in winter. In addition, the thermal energy emitted from daylighting devices when there is no natural light, such as at night, is I Kca per 1°C temperature difference between indoor and outdoor.
l/m'・h, so in summer, if the outside temperature drops at night, energy consumption will decrease to some extent, and
It can be seen that energy consumption can be reduced even more when the outside temperature at night is about 20°C lower than the indoor temperature, such as in winter.

Note that the temperature and humidity of the lighting device need not necessarily be continuously variable, but may be variable between the blocking state and the transmitting state.In addition, in this embodiment, the lighting device is of a duct type. As explained above, since various types of underground chamber structures are selected, such as semi-underground type, it goes without saying that the temperature and humidity variable mechanisms must be changed accordingly.

(G) Effects of the Invention Since the temperature and humidity of the daylighting device are controlled by the signal detected by the optical sensor and the temperature and humidity conditions inside and outside the basement, it is possible to obtain natural light equivalent to that of a living room on the ground floor. This makes it possible to control the air environment inside the basement with minimal energy consumption throughout the year while still allowing daylight. That is, in the summer, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption required for air conditioning by 14 to 21% compared to the conventional technology, and in the winter, it is also possible to reduce the energy consumption by 3 to 7%.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a residential basement according to the present invention;
The figure is a cross-sectional view showing the temperature and humidity variable mechanism, Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the spectral transmittance of the infrared cut filter, Figure 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the spectral irradiance of natural light, and Figure 5 is the infrared rays. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the control system of the apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a diagram of its operation. (3)...Air conditioner, (4), (6>...Temperature sensor, (5>, (7)...Humidity sensor, (8)...Lighting device, (11)... Infrared light filter (1)
2>... Light sensor, (13>... Ventilation fan.

Claims (1)

[Claims] An air conditioner for controlling the temperature and humidity of a residential basement, a natural lighting device for the basement that can change the amount of infrared rays transmitted at least with a wavelength of 800 nm or more, and a light sensor for detecting the amount of natural lighting. An air conditioner and a daylighting device for a residential basement, characterized in that the amount of infrared light transmitted by the natural daylighting device is controlled based on a signal detected by the sensor and temperature and humidity conditions inside and outside the basement.