JPH034200B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a novel heteropolysaccharide, a method for its production by bacterial culture in an aqueous nutrient medium, and a microorganism producing the heteropolysaccharide. The invention also relates to compositions containing this heteropolysaccharide. It is well known that certain heteropolysaccharides can be obtained by microbial biosynthesis using specific strains or species of bacteria. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-7600, a strain of Bacillus polymyxa known as "271" was cultured in a medium containing glucose or lactose, and glucose, mannose, galactose, and glucuronic acid, approximately The production of a heteropolysaccharide composed of a ratio of 8:7:3:5 has been reported. The viscosity of this 1% heteropolysaccharide solution at 25°C is recorded as 6000 cP. Specific rotation power [α] ²⁸ _D = +92°, molecular weight is approx.
It is said to be 10,000. Also, Kelco Corporation (Kelco Corporation)
In a March 1, 1973, product brochure of the Corporation, the product known as xanthangum is a gum produced by the fermentation of the microorganism Xanthomonas campestris, and contains three monosaccharides: It is described as containing mannose, glucose and glucuronic acid. An aqueous solution of xanthan gum has pseudoplastic properties, and the viscosity of a 1% solution at a shear rate of 1 sec ^-1 is
on the order of 7000cP, and the molecular weight is at least
It is believed to be on the order of 2,000,000. Some polysaccharides of this type have been used, inter alia, as thickeners or suspensions in aqueous systems, such as in foods, cosmetics, drugs, etc. However, microbially produced polysaccharides have generally been found to have limited functionality as thickeners or suspending agents when used in products of this type.
For example, drugs containing polysaccharides of this type are unstable when subjected to shear forces, such as when being filled or discharged through narrow holes.
These limitations can be partly overcome by increasing the concentration of microbially produced polysaccharides in the product, but this would change the properties of the product in other ways and would also increase raw material costs. Research has therefore continued to discover new polysaccharides which are of value as improved thickeners or suspensions and which do not suffer from the drawbacks mentioned above. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that a novel heteropolysaccharide, hereinafter referred to as biopolymer PS87, can be obtained by fermenting a nutrient medium with a certain strain of bacteria belonging to Bacillus polymyxa. The heteropolysaccharides are useful, for example, as thickeners or suspensions in foods, cosmetics, and drugs, and unexpectedly have excellent pseudoplastic properties. That is, the present invention is composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid, whose 1% by weight solution has pseudoplasticity, a hardness at 20°C of at least 150 poise, and a yield value at 20°C of at least 30 dynes/ cm ² polysaccharide, biopolymer PS87. Chemical analysis revealed that the biopolymer PS87 is composed of monosaccharide residues bound to at least glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. For analysis of this monosaccharide residue, a 1% solution of 2M trichloroacetic acid of heteropolysaccharide was placed in a sealed tube.
This was carried out after hydrolysis at 121°C for 1 hour. The monosaccharide-containing hydrolyzate thus obtained was reduced with sodium borohydride in ammonium hydroxide at 20°C for 1 hour. The resulting alditol was acetylated with acetic anhydride in pyridine. This acetylated product was subjected to isothermal chromatography at 190°C using a cyano-silicon OV225 column and compared with a standard substance. Glucuronic acid was identified by treating a heteropolysaccharide hydrolyzate with hydrochloric acid to convert it into a lactone, producing a gluconolactone trimethylsilyl ether derivative. Glucuronic acid was quantified using a modified carbazole method. Biopolymer PS87 may also contain small amounts of fucose. From the results of this analysis, the weight percent of each constituent monosaccharide residue identified in the biopolymer PS87 can be calculated. Results obtained from several analyzes indicate that the weight percent of each monosaccharide present in biopolymer PS87 is within the following ranges: Glucose 40-45% by weight Galactose 10-20% by weight Mannose 25-30% by weight Glucuronic acid 6-13% by weight Fucose 0-1.5% by weight The limits of each percentage range depend on the medium used during fermentation, culture conditions, e.g. temperature , PH, oxygen partial pressure, etc.
Figure 3 shows the variation in the analytical results of different samples of biopolymer PS87 by bacterial fermentation. For example, the weight percentages of the constituent monosaccharides of biopolymer PS87 obtained under specific fermentation conditions as described below are: glucose 41%, galactose 12%, mannose 28%, glucuronic acid 9%, and fucose 0.8%. , this biopolymer sample would be composed of monosaccharides in the following proportions: Molar ratio Glucose 52 Galactose 15 Mannose 35 Glucuronic acid 11 Fucose 1 The method for analyzing heteropolysaccharides described above is the method actually used to obtain the analysis results for monosaccharides described above, but it is difficult to determine the composition of biopolymer PS87. Of course, other monosaccharide analysis methods can also be used. Biopolymer PS87 has specific optical rotation power [α] ²⁵ _D = +
60, and the molecular weight was determined to be 34±4× by low-angle laser light scattering using Chromatix KMX-6.
10 ⁴ . Molecular weight measurements were carried out at 25° C. and in a concentration range of 0.01% to 0.1% by weight, with samples of biopolymer PS87 equilibrated in 0.1M KCl. Aqueous solutions of biopolymer PS87 are unique in that they exhibit unexpectedly high hardness and unexpectedly high yield values. The hardness of a solution is defined as the apparent viscosity of the solution at a shear rate of 1 sec ^-1 . Viscosity is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The viscosity of biopolymer PS87 was measured at 20°C using a Weissenberg Rheognimeter equipped with a 5 cm cone and plate. This device is Sangamo
Weston Ltd., North Lersted, Bognor Regis,
A product from Sussex, UK. biopolymer
Shear rate of 0.5% and 1.0% solutions of PS87
The viscosities at 1.117sec ^-1 are 86 and 182 respectively
It was Poise. 0.5% at low shear rate 0.353sec ^-1
and 1% solution gave values of 176 and 440 poise, respectively. These data indicate that these solutions are shear thinning or pseudoplastic. Interpolating this result, the hardness of a 1% solution is about 205 poise, and the value of a 0.5% solution is about 93 poise. In general, therefore, it can be said that a 1% solution of biopolymer PS87 exhibits a hardness of at least 150 poise, preferably at least 200 poise, at 20°C. The yield strength of a solution is the shear stress that must be applied to the solution until it begins to flow. A solution of the biopolymer PS87 (1% w/w) has a yield value, and the magnitude of the yield value is theoretically determined by the gradual stress applied to the solution, such as that of a twisted wire in a rotational viscometer. It can be measured by applying the stress generated by torque. Simply measure the stress that was being applied at the moment the flow occurred. However, in reality, the yield value can be easily and accurately measured by applying a stress greater than the yield value, then removing the stress, and returning the viscometer to the equilibrium position. If the solution has a yield strength, the equilibrium position will not be the initial position of the stress-free system. This is because the residual torque in the twisted wire reaches equilibrium with the yield value of the solution. That is, by measuring the residual torque, the yield value of the solution can be obtained. Using this stress relaxation method, the yield value of a 1% solution of biopolymer PS87 was measured using the above-mentioned Weissenberg Rheogoniometer equipped with a 5 cm cone and plate.
The value after 75 hours (when equilibrium is reached) at a temperature of 20℃ is
It was 54 dynes/ ^cm2 . In general, therefore, it can be said that a 1% solution of biopolymer PS87 exhibits a yield value of at least 30 dynes/cm ² and preferably at least 50 dynes/cm ² at 20°C. No other pseudoplastic polysaccharides are known to exhibit yield values as high as 30 dynes/cm ² under these concentration and temperature conditions. In fact, many polysaccharides do not exhibit a yield stress. The high hardness and yield value of biopolymer PS87
It is also clear from examining the ability of this heteropolysaccharide to suspend solid particles such as sand. To clarify this suspending ability, a 0.5% w/v distilled aqueous solution of heteropolysaccharide was prepared. Add 5g of vinegar-washed silica of 44 to 69 mesh to the inner diameter.
Heteropolysaccharide solution 100 in a 45 mm container
suspended in ml. The silica was suspended at a temperature of 25°C±2°C, and the degree of sedimentation of the silica was observed. After 7 days, 76% by weight of the silica remained in the top 80% by volume of the solution. None of the other polysaccharides similarly tested remained suspended for more than two days. The invention also relates to a microbial strain producing biopolymer PS87. Preferred microorganisms for use in the production of biopolymer PS87 are specific strains or mutant strains of Bacillus polymyxa. This microorganism was isolated by incubating at 30°C on an agar medium containing simple molasses and mineral salts in seawater. Colonies that grew with a mucoid or viscous appearance were streaked onto new plates of the same medium to achieve pure isolation of the microorganism. Pure cultures were carried out at 30°C in shake flasks using liquid molasses-containing medium and showed a satisfactory growth pattern.
Along with this, an increase in viscosity, which indicates polysaccharide productivity, was confirmed. Pure cultures of Bacillus polymyxa yield colonies of varying degrees of opacity. Clear and opaque colonies were separated by subculture, and this difference was found to be related to the degree of sporulation.
The more opaque the colony, the more spores it produces. Four colonies were picked and subjected to biochemical tests separately. The results were all the same, as described below. Colonies are small, flat, and white on nutrient agar. On potato-yeast-glucose agar, the giblets are large, black, and rubbery. The microorganism is a medium-sized, straight, rounded, motile, Gram-positive bacillus that forms spores. The spores are formed near the extreme ends and are large;
They are oval in shape, have thick walls, and cause the cells to swell. The results of the growth test and biochemical test are summarized below. Gram stainability: (+) Acid and gas production: from arabinose, xylose, dextrin, fructose, galactose, glucose, glycerol, lactose, mannitol Starch medium: hydrolyzed Gelatin medium: completely liquefied in 14 days at 25°C Casein medium: hydrated Decomposition Indole production: (-) Citric acid availability: (-) Chlorohydrate (0.25%) medium: No growth Salt (5%) medium: No growth Fouges-Proskauer reaction (acetylmethyl carbinol formation) :(+) Litmus milk (25℃): 3 days - slightly acidic,
7 days - decline, slight coagulation, 14 - start of digestion, gas production Methylred test: (+) Production of hydrogen sulfide: (-) Production of catalase: (+) Production of oxidase: (-) Growth in ordinary broth :15℃～37℃(+),
After 14 days at 10℃ (-), after 14 days at 415℃ (-) Growth pH: Optimal 5.3 Urease production on Christensen's slope: 7 days at 25℃ (-) Nitrate reduction: (+) (Nitrate production is almost (no residual nitrates) and the above results and Bergy's “Manual of
Based on the description in "Determinative Bacteriology" (8th edition), this microorganism was a strain of Bacillus polymyxa. This microorganism strain was found in the National Collection of
Industrial Bacteria，Torry Research Station，
PO Box 31, 135Abbey Road, Aherdeen,
Deposited in Scotland on the 8th 2nd day of 1978. The deposit number is NCIB 11429. In addition to using this specific strain of Bacillus polymyxa, the production of biopolymer PS87 is also possible using genetically modified bacteria adapted for the synthesis of biopolymer PS87. Thus, the present invention also provides genetic transformation or conjugation, or modification by plasmids or recombinant plasmids or phages or recombinant phages or other vectors, each carrying the DNA involved in biopolymer PS87 synthesis. This invention relates to microorganisms capable of synthesizing biopolymer PS87. Microorganisms that can be the mother of modified microorganisms include:
E.coli, Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella
Bacillus species, and Bacillus species. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a genetically modified microorganism by introducing genetic information containing a gene for biopolymer PS87 synthesis mechanism into a parent microorganism. One such method involves a) creating a mutant from a parent microorganism that lacks genetic material involved in biopolymer PS87 synthesis; b) DNA involved in biopolymer PS87 synthesis.
c) producing a recombinant plasmid consisting of plasmid DNA covalently linked to a biopolymer;
d) culturing the resulting microorganism under growth conditions suitable for the biopolymer PS87 synthesis mechanism; and e) selecting a clone of the microorganism grown with respect to the biopolymer PS87 synthesis mechanism. Consists of. Another method is to a) create a mutant lacking the genetic material involved in the biopolymer PS87 synthesis from a parent microorganism; b) transfer phage DNA to the parent microorganism.
or a step of immobilizing a temperate phage, c) DNA involved in biopolymer PS87 synthesis
Introducing the fragment into phage or phage DNA,
a step of producing a recombinant phage, d) a step of lysogenizing a microorganism deficient in the ability to synthesize biopolymer PS87 with a recombinant phage, e) a step of culturing the obtained microorganism under growth conditions suitable for the ability to synthesize biopolymer PS87, and f) selecting clones of the grown microorganisms for biopolymer PS87 synthesis machinery. A suitable general method for making these modifications is described in GB 1521032. The plasmid may be obtained from any microorganism as long as it can be transferred into the parent microorganism. Suitable plasmid sources include E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., and Bacillus sp., especially Bacillus polymyxa. Recombinant plasmids can be produced directly from many plasmid sources, including those present in the parent microorganism. In the phage method, when phage is used directly, the phage must use the parent microorganism as its host. When using phage DNA, it can be extracted from the original phage or from phages that do not host the parent microorganism. Suitable methods of obtaining plasmids or recombinant plasmids, and suitable methods of using phages or recombinant phages, and methods of extracting phage DNA are described in GB 2003926. The present invention also provides that (i) a microbial strain carrying the genetic material involved in biopolymer PS87 synthesis is grown under deep aerobic conditions in an aqueous medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an iron source, a magnesium source and a phosphorus source; (ii) isolating the heteropolysaccharide from the medium;
Provided is a method for producing biopolymer PS87 consisting of Genetic material can be e.g. chromosomal DNA, plasmids
DNA, recombinant plasmid DNA, phage DNA,
Or recombinant phage DNA. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process for producing biopolymer PS87 comprises bacteria of Bacillus sp.
Preferably Bacillus polymyxa is used as the microorganism. One such method is (i) pH 4.5 to 7.5
(ii) heating the medium to 50°C or higher at a pH of 8 or higher; (iii) Next, the coagulated bacterial cells and bacterial cell residues are separated from the medium to obtain a visually clear solution of biopolymer PS87. This process can be done either batchwise or continuously.
It can also be implemented in other suitable ways. According to a preferred method of carrying out this first step of the method of the invention, a suitable aqueous nutrient medium is inoculated with Bacillus polymyxa NCIB 11429 and the cells are cultured at 25-40°C, preferably at 30-35°C.
Incubate at a temperature of 45 to 60 hours. The aqueous nutrient medium typically contains a carbon source, preferably consisting of at least one monosaccharide or disaccharide, at a concentration of about 1% to 5%, preferably about 2% to 3% by weight. Suitable carbon sources include, for example, glucose, sucrose, maltose, fructose,
Mannose, starch, starch hydrolyzate or corn syrup. Preferably, glucose is used as the carbon source. Crude products of monosaccharides or disatucharides such as molasses, whey or whey ultrafiltrate can also be used. The medium usually contains a nitrogen source such as natural organic matter. For example, soybean protein, an enzymatically decomposed solution of soybean juice, a brewer's soluble component, a cornstap solution, a yeast extract, or a casein hydrolyzate can be used. If an organic nitrogen source is used in the aqueous medium, it should be added to the medium at about 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, such that the nitrogen weight % is about 0.01 to 0.1%.
It is also possible to add inorganic nitrogen sources to the medium, such as ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate or ammonium acetate. In the case of inorganic nitrogen sources, up to 0.5%. It is also possible to use mixtures of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources. The medium is usually supplemented with other elements such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and trace elements such as manganese, iron, zinc, calcium and cobalt. These are required for normal growth and polysaccharide production. The medium also contains trace amounts, about 0.5 to about 5 μg/
of biotin is preferably added. This may include the addition of biotin itself or a source of biotin such as yeast extract or molasses. The pH of the aqueous medium is important for proper growth of bacteria and production of biopolymer PS87. The optimal pH for the production of biopolymer PS87 is from 4.5 to 7.5. Adjustment of PH can generally be accomplished with the use of a buffer such as dipotassium phosphate at a concentration of about 0.1% to 1% by weight of the medium. Any sodium or potassium salt of phosphoric acid, such as KH ₂ PO ₄ , K ₂ HPO ₄ , K ₃ PO ₄ ,
NaH ₂ PO ₄ , Na ₂ HPO ₄ or Na ₃ PO ₄ can be used as buffers. If necessary, the PH can be adjusted using a PH meter in conjunction with a suitable base source such as an alkali metal hydroxide such as potassium or sodium hydroxide. As bacteria grow, the pH decreases due to acid production, so a small amount of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution is automatically added to lower the pH.
can also be kept within a desired range. However, in general, in the case of batch methods, it is not necessary to add alkali to adjust the PH of the medium in the method of the invention. It has been observed that the PH typically drops to about 5 after 10 to 20 hours, then rises to about 6 to 7, and generally remains at this value throughout the subsequent incubation period. In the case of a continuous fermentation method, the pH of the fermentation medium needs to be adjusted by any of the methods described above as necessary. In order to rapidly and efficiently obtain heteropolysaccharide, it is necessary to supply sufficient oxygen for the growth of Bacillus polymyxa NC11429.
If the supply of oxygen into the medium is too low, the production of heteropolysaccharides by bacteria appears to be reduced. Stirring and aeration conditions should be at least 0.05
It is necessary to ensure that oxygen is transferred from the gas phase to the liquid phase at a transfer rate of g//hr. In the second and third steps of the present invention, in order to effectively separate the produced heteropolysaccharide from the bacterial cells and bacterial cell residue in the medium, it is necessary to prepare the heteropolysaccharides before or after heating the medium to a temperature of 50°C or higher. It is preferable to bring the medium into contact with an alkali to raise the pH of the medium to 7 or higher. By doing so, the bacterial cells and bacterial cell residues are coagulated and can be easily separated from the medium, leaving a supernatant in which the heteropolysaccharide is dissolved. Separation of coagulated bacterial cells and bacterial cell residue from the medium is further facilitated by heating the medium in the presence of a calcium salt, such as calcium chloride or calcium nitrate. The amount of calcium salt used for such purpose is 0.2% or less, preferably 0.05 to 0.1% by weight of the medium. Other conventional methods for separating cells and cell debris from the medium supernatant, such as filtration and centrifugation without pretreatment as described above, have been unsuccessful; The aqueous solution of heteropolysaccharide is always cloudy due to incomplete removal of cell debris. A preferred method of separating heteropolysaccharides from a medium is to first heat the medium to a temperature of at least 50°C, preferably between 60°C and 70°C, and then raise the pH of the medium to above 7, usually at least 8, preferably between 8 and 70°C. Adjust to a value up to 11. This is conveniently carried out by adding an alkali, for example sodium hydroxide, but other alkalis can of course be used. For best results, reheat the medium. In this case at least 75°C, preferably 80°C
The temperature is from °C to 95 °C, calcium chloride is present at 0.08% by weight based on the medium, and the culture is heated until the bacterial cells and bacterial cell residue are completely coagulated. The coagulated cells and cell residue can be easily separated, for example by natural sedimentation, centrifugation or filtration, and the biopolymer
A viscous, clear supernatant liquid containing dissolved PS87 remains. Biopolymer PS87 can be recovered by treating this viscous, clear medium supernatant with a water-miscible organic liquid that does not substantially dissolve or react with the heteropolysaccharide. This operation causes the heteropolysaccharide to precipitate from solution. The amount of organic liquid used may generally be 1 to 2 parts by volume per 1 part by volume of medium supernatant. Examples of suitable organic liquids that can be used are acetone, _C1 - _C5 alkanols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol and t-butanol. Particular preference is given to isopropanol and methanol. The heteropolysaccharide is separated from the organic liquid, for example by filtration, dried and
It can be recovered eventually. Biopolymer production example Example 1 This example uses Bacillus polymyxa NCIB 11429.
The production of biopolymer PS87 by batch fermentation of sucrose/yeast extract is illustrated. The composition of the medium is as follows. %w/v Sucrose 5.0 Yeast extract 0.5 K ₂ HPO ₄ 0.25 MgSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.1 Trace element solution 0.4 Water Total volume is 100 The composition of the trace element solution is as follows. %w/v MnSO ₄・4H ₂ O 0.3 FeSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.9 ZnSO ₄・7H ₂ O 1.8 CuSO ₄・5H ₂ O 0.08 CoCl ₂・6H ₂ O 0.09 Concentrated sulfuric acid 0.5 Water Make total volume 100 This medium 20 was sterilized in a 28 New Brunswick fermenter. This fermentation vessel (fermenter) was equipped with an automatic PH regulator (5% NaOH addition), a dissolved oxygen probe, a foam suppression probe, and a rotor. Silicon (DC, MS, A) Antifoam Compounds (Hopkins and Williams, Dow Chemical
was used to suppress foaming that occurs during the early stages of fermentation. The fermentation vessel was inoculated with 400 ml of a highly viscous and foamy 48 hour shake flask culture (PH 5.3). At the beginning of fermentation, the rotor speed was 100 rpm and the aeration rate was 15/min.
The temperature was maintained at 30°C. Lytic enzyme partial pressure (DOT)
rapidly decreased to a minimum value of less than 2% and remained low. On the other hand, the pH of the medium decreased from the initial 7.4 to 4.8. Although the pH gradually increases from this minimum value over a short period of time, the viscosity of the medium hardly increases. The pH of the fermentation medium was raised to 6 and maintained at this value, and the rotor speed was increased to 200 rpm. The medium increased in viscosity as fermentation progressed, with a final viscosity of 250 poise at a shear rate of 1 sec ^-1 (20°C). The heteropolysaccharide concentration was 9 g/(corresponding to a yield of 18% based on the sugar fed). Isopropanol (IPA) was gradually added to the heteropolysaccharide-containing medium to dilute it to a concentration of 30% (V/V), and the cells were removed by centrifugation at 20,000 g for 1 hour at room temperature. The supernatant was further mixed with IPA to increase the concentration to 70%. This completed the precipitation of the heteropolysaccharide. The IPA and water mixture was discarded and the heteropolysaccharide was dried in an oven. This product easily dissolved in water to give a homogeneous viscous solution. Example 2 In this example, 0.4 g of yeast extract was added to the fermentation medium.
% (w/v), and glucose 2.0% (w/v) was used instead of sucrose.
The medium was the same as in Example 1. Bacillus polymyxa cultured in shake flasks for 3 days
Culture medium 1 of NCIB11429 was inoculated into the medium (22). The pH gradually decreased from the initial 6.9 until fermentation reached 20
Hours later, it was 6.0. Add 5% NaOH to pH
was prevented from falling below this value. The concentration of polysaccharide in the fermentation medium was measured on samples taken at regular intervals, and the maximum concentration (0.4
%, corresponding to a yield of 20%) was obtained approximately 45 hours after the start of fermentation. At this point, fermentation appeared to be complete, as judged by consumption of the supplied glucose and dissolved oxygen concentration increasing to near the saturation point. The final pH of the medium was 6.6. Example 3 This example is a biopolymer produced by continuous fermentation.
The manufacture of PS87 is illustrated. The medium used was
Lower the concentration _{of K2HPO4} to 0.15% and then 0.1%
The procedure was the same as in Example 2 except that Na ₂ HPO ₄ was added. A 3 stirred tank fermenter was used and the fermentation volume was maintained at 1.5. Foaming was prevented by occasional addition of antifoaming agents. An adjustable peristaltic pump controlled the rate of inflow into the fermenter, and a weir was provided to control the liquid level. Concentrations of heteropolysaccharides range from 0.03 to
Measurements were made on samples taken at a series of dilutions ranging from 0.10 (i.e. residence times of 33 and 10 hours, respectively). The concentration of polysaccharide increased as the dilution rate (D) decreased, ranging from about 0.4% at D=0.1 to about 0.8% at D=0.03%. Example 4 Continuous fermentation for the production of biopolymer PS87 synthesis capacity was carried out in the same manner as described in Example 3 using a medium based on whey and whey permeate. Fermentation was carried out in medium A for 10 days and then in medium B.
I went there for 20 days. Even after this fermentation time, no deterioration in the quality or quantity of polysaccharide was observed. Medium A Whey permeate, diluted 1:1 with tap water 0.2% yeast extract 0.4 trace element solution ^* Medium B Whole whey, diluted 1:1 with tap water 0.2% yeast extract 0.4% trace element solution ^{* *} Execution See Example 1. The fermentation volume was kept at approximately 1.8. Overflowing medium was removed with a peristaltic pump and placed in a cooled collection vessel. A 7cm six-bladed rotor blade was used.
1200~ to stir the meat juice due to its high viscosity
A speed of 1500 rpm was required. PH with sodium hydroxide solution (5% W/V)
Adjusted to 6.6. Air was supplied at a rate of 50 ml/min. When the dissolved oxygen decreased below a preset value, oxygen was supplied at a rate of 100 ml/min to supplement the aeration and adjust the dissolved oxygen to approximately 40% to 50%. The medium was sterilized at 115°C for 40 min before being placed in the fermenter. The effect of changes in dilution rate on polysaccharides was investigated. Accurately assessing liquid volume has been difficult because of the large amount of gas stagnant and fluctuating amounts in the fermenter. As a result, a large error similarly occurred in the evaluation of the dilution rate. Dilution rate is 0.04
It was varied between ~0.1hr ⁻¹ ±10%. The table below shows steady state polysaccharide concentrations for medium B.

[Table] Example 5 This example uses Bacillus polymixa NCIB11429.
The production of a heteropolysaccharide, biopolymer PS87, by continuous fermentation of a glycose-yeast extract medium is exemplified. The medium has the following components: %W/V Glucose 2.0 Yeast extract 0.4 K ₂ HPO ₄ 0.15 Na ₂ HPO ₄ 0.1 MgSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.1 Trace element solution 0.4 Water Total volume is 100 The trace element solution has the following composition. %W/V MnSO ₄・4H ₂ O 0.2 FeCl ₃ 0.7 ZnCl ₂ 0.1 CuCl ₂・2H ₂ O 0.03 CoCl ₂・6H ₂ O 0.05 CaCl ₂・6H ₂ O 0.5 Concentrated hydrochloric acid 0.5 Water Make the total volume 100 This medium 1.5 The mixture was sterilized by heating to 115° C. for 40 minutes in a stirred tank fermenter. This fermenter (fermenter) is equipped with an automatic PH regulator (5% NaOH
addition), dissolved oxygen probe, foam suppression probe,
and was equipped with rotor blades. Silicone defoamers (eg, from Dow Chemical) were used for defoaming as needed. Fermentation was started by inoculating the medium with 100 ml of a 48 hour shake flask culture of the microorganism. The medium was incubated for two days under the following conditions. Temperature: 32°C Aeration rate: 0.5/min Dissolved oxygen partial pressure: 40-50% PH: 6.5-7.0 The culture medium was initially fed using a 7cm 6-blade rotary blade.
At a speed of 500 rpm, on the second day, as the viscosity of the medium increased, it was rotated and stirred constantly at a speed of 1200 rpm. After two days of incubation, the fermenter was connected to a bulk feed medium that had been previously sterilized at 121° C. for 10 minutes, and continuous feeding of new medium to the fermenter was started. The fermentation medium and the medium capacity in the fermentation equipment are approximately
Remove from the fermenter so that the temperature remains at 1.5.
The flow rate of the medium into the fermenter was adjusted by an adjustable peristaltic pump, and a weir was used to control the water level of the medium. The flow rate was adjusted to 45 ml/min. The dilution rate of the medium is expressed by the following formula. D=F/V In the formula, D is the dilution rate, F is the inflow rate (/hour), and V
is the fermentation capacity (). This value was kept between 0.03 and 0.1. The concentration of heteropolysaccharides was measured on fermentation medium samples taken at a series of dilutions within this range and was found to increase with decreasing dilution (D). That is, D=
When D=0.1, it was about 0.4%, and when D=0.03, it was about 0.8%. Temperature, aeration rate, dissolved oxygen partial pressure and PH were kept equal and approximately equal to the values employed during the two days of fermentation before the start of continuous feeding. Continuous culture can be continued indefinitely. In one experiment, it was operated for 50 days without any problems. Heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fermentation medium taken out from the fermentation apparatus by the following method. This medium 3 was constantly mixed using a paddle type stirrer and heated to a temperature of 60°C. Then 5% pH
Adjusted to 9.0 by adding NaOH. Add 2.4 g of calcium chloride and transfer the medium to a conical flask.
This was left open at 85°C for 12 hours. During this operation, coagulation of bacterial cells and bacterial cell residue occurred. Most of the coagulated material settled to the bottom, but some seemed to have adhered to gas bubbles and floated on the surface. Between the two layers of cellular material there was a zone of clear liquid. This zone of liquid was aspirated to yield a total of two clear liquids. After filtering with suction, a total of 2 clear liquids are obtained. After cooling, 3 portions of isopropanol were added to the liquid with mixing. A stringy precipitate of polysaccharide was obtained. This was collected and vacuum dried. The yield was 11g. 1% W/V of this heteropolysaccharide in water
When redissolved at a concentration of , the hardness at 20℃ is approximately 200.
A solution was obtained exhibiting a yield value of about 54 dynes at 20°C. This heteropolysaccharide exhibited a specific optical rotation power [α] ²⁵ _D = +60, and its molecular weight was determined by low-angle laser light scattering using a Chromatix KMX-6 to be 34. It was ±4×10 ⁴ . Domestic and Industrial Applications of Biopolymer PS87 The invention also provides a hydrous product containing the biopolymer PS87, or a dry mix suitable for producing a hydrous product with the addition of water. Biopolymer PS87 has such unique physical properties that it can be used as a suspending agent, emulsifying agent,
It has a wide range of uses in household and industrial products as a flocculant, stabilizer, and thickener. The following examples illustrate products, methods, and applications that are improved by the use of biopolymer PS87. Milk Products The present invention also relates to food products, especially milk-gelling compositions. Milk puddings containing tetraalkali pyrophosphate salts and edible calcium salts are well known (see, eg, US Pat. No. 2,607,692). As an auxiliary ingredient, milk puddings usually require the addition of dry, pregelatinized starch. Milk gels produced from compositions of this type have a pasty or pasty consistency and are prone to undesirable liquid separation, ie syneresis over time. The present invention also provides a composition comprising a mixture of a tetraalkali metal pyrophosphate salt, an edible calcium salt, and a biopolymer PS87. Preferably, these ingredients are in a dry, finely powdered composition, which can be mixed with cold milk to form a milk gel. As the tetraalkali metal pyrophosphate, for example, tetrasodium pyrophosphate or tetrapotassium pyrophosphate can be used. Examples of suitable edible, water-soluble calcium salts include calcium acetate, calcium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium propionate,
There are saccharin calcium salts and calcium tartrate. The amounts of tetraalkali metal pyrophosphate, edible calcium salt, and biopolymer PS87 can be varied depending on the desired properties of the milk pudding product. Generally, however, suitable compositions for use in the present invention are comprised of 1.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of a tetraalkali metal pyrophosphate salt, 1 to 5 parts by weight of an edible calcium salt, and 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of the biopolymer PS87. . To produce the milk gel or milk pudding of the invention, a homogeneous dry blend of the gelling composition as described above is added to cold milk and the ingredients are mixed in a mixer. Preferably, the mixed material is then poured into a suitable container and then placed in the refrigerator. about 15
After a few minutes, the mixture is hard enough to be eaten. In addition to the main ingredients for gelling, this composition includes:
Other ingredients commonly used for flavoring and coloring milk puddings may also be added. For example, any of the usual flavoring agents, cocoa, vanilla, cinnamon or fruit or nuts, pecans, raisins, bananas, figs, palm etc. can be added. Furthermore, antifoaming agents such as safflower oil, coconut oil, peanut oil or cottonseed oil can also be added. In producing milk pudding from this composition, either whole milk or liquid skim milk can be used. Furthermore, instead of milk, whole milk or dry milk powder derived from milk milk may be added to the dry mix. In this case, add water,
The resulting mixture is stirred to produce milk pudding. In order to further explain the present invention in detail, Examples are shown below. Example 6 A mixture is prepared by incorporating the following dry ingredients in the indicated amounts. Parts by weight Sugar 80.0 Cocoa 15.0 Vanilla flavor 0.3 Salt 1.0 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 1.0 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 2.5 Calcium gluconate 4.0 The finely divided above components were appropriately mixed to prepare a homogeneous mixture, and then Add 568ml of cold milk and mix with an egg mixer for 3 minutes. Pour this mixture into a container and refrigerate. After about 15 minutes, the mixture yields a milk pudding with a very smooth texture, crisp and easy to crumble, with a very pure texture and stable against syneresis. Example 7 A mixture of dry ingredients as a fine powder is blended into a uniform dry mix in the following proportions. Parts by weight Sugar Sugar 80.00 Vanilla flavor 0.40 Tartrazine (3-carboxy-5hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenyl azalapyrazole trisodium salt) 0.02 Sunset Yellow FCE (1-p-sulfophenyl aza -2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid disodium salt) 0.005 Common salt 1.00 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 1.00 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 2.50 Calcium gluconate 4.00 Mix the above mixture with 568 ml of milk for several minutes using an egg stirrer. Then pour it into a suitable container.
This mixture is then refrigerated for approximately 15 minutes. At this point, the mixture is ready to eat. The product is very smooth in texture, crisp and easy to crumble, has a very pure texture and is syneresis stable. British Patent No. 1 for this type of milk product
Described in No. 1257057. This disclosure is incorporated herein. Salad Dressing The present invention also relates to salad dressings. Salad dressings are typically frozen and cannot be thawed. This is because the emulsion is destroyed and almost all the oil separates from the dressing after thawing, resulting in a poor texture. The present invention relates to a salad dressing with freeze-thaw stability and a method for producing the same. Salad dressing is an emulsified semi-solid consisting of edible vegetable oil, an acidifying ingredient, an egg yolk-containing ingredient, and a cooked or partially cooked viscous paste prepared from edible starch, tapioca, wheat flour, rye flour, or two or more of these. It is food. In addition, salad dressings may contain various ingredients such as salt and/or monosodium glutamate, sweetening ingredients such as sugar, dextrose, corn syrup, invert sugar syrup, unsweetened maltose syrup, glucose syrup and honey, and other flavoring ingredients. Flavors may be added, for example by seasoning with mustard, paprika, other spices or optional spice oils or spice extracts. The present invention comprises edible oil, water, emulsifier, cooked starch,
Provides a salad dressing consisting of an acidifying agent, common salt and biopolymer PS87. Suitable edible oils include cottonseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, corn oil and olive oil. The amount of oil in salad dressings is usually 30 to 70% of the weight of the dressing.
Preferably it is from 40% to 50%. Acidifying agents added to salads produced according to the invention include vinegar, lime juice or lemon juice. The amount of acidifying agent used ranges from 1% by weight based on the glacial acetic acid content in the final product.
Up to 1.5% by weight. Other ingredients are emulsifiers, such as egg yolk-containing ingredients or synthetic emulsifiers, such as the product name "Tween 60"
(polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate). The amount of emulsifier added in the salad dressing is from 0.25% to 4% by weight based on the total weight of the food. Furthermore, the amount of salt added to the salad dressing is from 1% to 3.5% by weight based on the weight of the final product. In addition to the above-mentioned ingredients, 0.2% to 0.3% by weight of the biopolymer PS87 is added to the salad dressing. The invention also provides 30% for salad dressings.
edible oil from 30% to 70% by weight for salad dressings, water from 30% to 70% by weight for salad dressings;
An effective amount of emulsifying agent to form an emulsion, an amount of cooked starch sufficient to give a spoonable characteristic essence to the salad dressing, 1 weight equivalent of glacial acetic acid to the salad dressing. % to 1.5
Acidifying component in weight %, 0.2 for dressing
Biopolymer from wt% to 0.3wt%
1.0% by weight for PS87 and dressing
Also provided is a method for making a spoonable salad dressing containing up to 3.5% by weight of salt. That is, a first mixture containing biopolymer PS87 and half of the water is produced, and the remaining water is added to the cooking starch, emulsifier, and dressing to approx.
producing a second mixture containing up to 0.75% common salt; blending the first mixture and the second mixture into a mixture of both; and forming a homogeneous mixture of the mixture with the edible oil and the acidifying component; This is a method of producing a salad dressing that can be scooped out with a spoon by stirring the mixture until the mixture is stirred until the mixture is evenly emulsified, and then adding the remaining salt to the emulsified mixture. This aspect of the invention will now be described in further detail in the Examples below. Example 8 A typical salad dressing prepared in accordance with the present invention contains the following ingredients in the indicated amounts. %W/W Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 0.3 HPC starch (National Starch Co.) 2.5 Sugar 10.0 Salt 2.0 Mustard (powder) 0.5 Egg yolk (raw) 4.0 Vegetable oil 30.0 Vinegar (white) 100gr. 10.0 Water 40.7 Above To prepare the salad dressing, biopolymer PS87, sugar and mustard are added to half the total amount of water with vigorous stirring. Stirring is continued for 30 minutes to form the first mixture. Next, add 35% of the total amount of salt to the remaining water along with the starch. This mixture is heated until complete hydration of the starch occurs. This mixture is then allowed to cool and the egg yolks are added and mixed thoroughly to form a second mixture. The first mixture and the second mixture are then mixed thoroughly and the oil is added slowly at first and then rapidly. It takes about 2 minutes to complete the addition, and stirring is continued during this time. Then add the vinegar while stirring and stir until the mixture is homogeneous. The mixture is then passed through a colloid mill and the remainder of the common salt is added and dispersed into the mixture. Other examples of salad dressings that can be made using the above-described operations include salad dressings containing the following ingredients:

Table: The above salad dressing containing the indicated weight percent of the ingredients shown in the table is a spoonable dressing and has the desired temperature stability. The salad dressing produced by the above method is stable after repeated freezing and thawing. This embodiment of the invention is similar to the embodiment described in US Pat. No. 3,676,157. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Dehydrated Foods The present invention also relates to dehydrated foods and methods of improving the hydration of dehydrated foods by adding biopolymer PS87 to the dehydrated foods. Technology for dehydrating food has existed for a long time. This means reducing the weight and bulk of the food, making it easier to store and transport, and especially reducing the risk of food spoilage and preserving it for long periods of time by preventing the growth of microorganisms that require high water content for their growth. Removing moisture from food has been considered for centuries. Despite the obvious benefits of dehydrated foods, problems still exist when reconstituted dehydrated foods with water. It takes too long for complete rehydration to occur, and the quality is not comparable to fresh food. The present invention relates to food products capable of rapid and complete rehydration or hydration, especially for dry or dehydrated food products, and to a method for achieving this objective. The present invention contains a dry biopolymer PS87 and a dry food ingredient, and contains a dry biopolymer PS87 and a dry food ingredient.
The content of PS87 is relative to the weight of the hydrated food
Provide dehydrated food containing 0.01% to 1.5% by weight. The preferred amount of biopolymer PS87 is from 0.1% to 0.9% by weight relative to the weight of the hydrated food product. The present invention also provides dehydrated food products in which dry biopolymer PS87 is mixed with dry food ingredients, in which case the amount of biopolymer PS87 in the food product is from 0.01% to 1.5% by weight relative to the weight of the hydrated food product. A manufacturing method is provided. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biopolymer PS87 is mixed as an aqueous solution with the food ingredients prior to dehydration, and the mixture is then dried in a conventional manner. This aspect of the invention is illustrated in further detail by the following examples. Example 9 Dehydrated Vegetable Soup Selected vegetables are cut into pieces and dried using the minimum amount of heat necessary to remove most of the natural moisture. It is not cooked and maintains its natural flavor, color and vitamin content. Mix this with the following ingredients. Parts by weight Dehydrated vegetable pieces 10 Vegetable protein 25 Monosodium glutamate 8 Salt 15 Sodium nitrate 0.05 Powdered milk 30 Sucrose 7 Flour 25 Condiments Appropriate amount Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 0.06 The obtained product was mixed with a normal amount of water. When played,
It has excellent hardness, texture, and viscosity. Also, even when dehydrated, it exhibits a flavor and color very similar to non-dehydrated soups. Biopolymer PS87 may be added at any point before or after dehydration, eg, during regeneration. However, the method of addition before dehydration is particularly advantageous since no extra steps are required, a superior product is obtained, and no components other than water need to be added during regeneration. The same improvement is effectively achieved with dehydrated soups of other species. An example is shown below. Example 10 Dehydrated Bean Soup A mixture of the following ingredients is first prepared. Parts by Weight Bean Flour 8 Onion Flour 0.5 Salt 1.5 Biopolymer PS87 as described in Example 5 0.10 White Pepper 0.5 Spices 0.5 Water 89 The hydrated product is then drum dried and brought to the desired dehydrated form. The ingredients and their content of dehydrated soup mixes and similar products can be varied if necessary depending on the type of soup to be produced. The optimal amount of biopolymer PS87 used can also vary depending on the properties desired in the final product. Example 11 Celery soup Parts by weight Celery salt 7 Common salt 1 Edible tallow 7 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 0.02 Soup flavor or yeast or wheat extract 25 Example 12 Mash room cream soup mix Parts by weight Whole milk powder 27 Flour starch 20 Wheat flour 15 Dried mashed potatoes 10 Salt 12 Vegetable oil 9 Protex 3 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 0.05 Monosodium glutamic acid salt 1.5 Onion powder 1.5 Example 13 Dehydrated tomato soup Part by weight Potato powder 64 Onion powder 5 Tomato puree ( 25% solids) 60 Salt 16 Sugar 12 Biopolymer PS87 as described in Example 5 0.15 Black pepper as appropriate In both cases, the mixture is dehydrated and packaged in water-resistant containers. Dehydrated foods and methods for producing the same are described in US Pat. No. 3,694,236. The disclosure thereof is incorporated herein by reference. Toothpaste The present invention also relates to a liquid or paste toothpaste and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention preferably uses a thickening and suspending liquid made of biopolymer PS87 at 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of toothpaste.
To provide a liquid or paste toothpaste uniformly containing a proportion of parts by weight to 2 parts by weight. The present invention shows that liquid or paste dentifrice containing biopolymer PS87 exhibits unique pseudoplasticity when compared to regular liquid or paste dentifrice containing xanthan gum, and dentifrice can be easily applied at low pressure. It was discovered and perfected that the performance is improved in that it loses fluidity when it flows out and the pressure is removed. To explain in more detail, when the toothpaste in the container is pushed out onto the toothbrush during use, the toothpaste is pushed out with good fluidity with light pressure, and when it leaves the extrusion port, it immediately loses its fluidity and retains its extruded shape. do. That is, the present invention mainly comprises (i) 25% to 35% by weight of water, (ii) 20% to 35% by weight of wetting agent, (iii)
a solid abrasive dentifrice particle component containing from 0.5% to 2% by weight of a surfactant, (iv) from 0.3% to 2% by weight of a biopolymer PS87, and (v) from 20% to 35% by weight of a solid particle abrasive. A thixotropic gel toothpaste that is stable to phase separation, the gel toothpaste is easily extruded with good fluidity at low pressure, and once extruded it loses its fluidity upon removal of the extrusion pressure and is extruded. To provide a liquid thixotropic gel toothpaste that retains its original shape. The amount of biopolymer PS87 used in toothpaste is 0.5
% to 1% by weight is preferred. The toothpaste of the present invention includes common and well-known toothpaste ingredients,
For example, they contain humectants, detergents or surfactants, sweeteners, abrasives, colorants, anti-caries agents, antibacterial or antibacterial agents or water. The amounts of these ingredients commonly used in toothpaste may be adjusted within the range commonly used. Typically, liquid toothpaste contains 25-45% water, 20-35% abrasive, 20-35% humectant, 0.5-2% detergent or surfactant, and 0.3-2% biopolymer PS87 by weight. %, and other conventional toothpaste ingredients. For pasty toothpastes, useful formulations include 25-35% water, 35-50% abrasives, 15-30% humectants, and detergents or surfactants.
0.5-2% by weight, 0.3-2% by weight of the biopolymer PS87, and other conventional dentifrice ingredients. A portion of the biopolymer PS87 used as a thickening agent and suspending agent may be replaced by known thickening agents and suspending agents for dentifrices. Suitable amounts of known thickeners and suspending agents of this type are about 1.4 times the weight of the biopolymer PS87 or less, preferably biopolymer
It is the same amount as PS87 or less. Examples of commonly used thickening and suspending agents are carboxymethylcellulose, its alkali metal salts, carrageenan, sodium alginate, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, tragacanth, locust bean gum, tamarind seed polysaccharide. Examples of humectants include glycerol, sorbitol, maltitol, glucose, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate. Examples of abrasives include dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, hydrated alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and finely divided silica. Examples of detergents or surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate, alpha-olefin sulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxyalkyl sulfate, sodium lauriether sulfate, sodium coconut oil monoglyceride sulfate, coconut oil monoglyceride. Sodium sulfonate, sodium salt of lauroylethanolamide sulfosuccinic acid monoester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate or with a degree of polymerization of at least 25 These include polyoxyethylene stearate and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers. Examples of flavors include peppermint oil, spearmint oil, sweetsafras oil, clove oil, sage oil, eucalyptus oil, mayonnaise oil, lemon oil, cinnamon oil, orange oil and methyl sodium salicylate salt. The sweetener is, for example, saccharin sodium. Examples of colorants, anti-caries agents and antibacterial or antibacterial agents include sodium fluoride, tin fluoride, hexachlorophene, sodium monofluorophosphate, and the like. This aspect of the invention is illustrated by the following examples. Example 14 Liquid toothpaste Parts by weight Calcium carbonate 30.0 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 1.0 Glycerol 30.0 Water 36.36 Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5 Sodium saccharin 0.1 Flavor 1.0 Bactericide 0.04 Biopolymer PS87, bactericide and sodium saccharin are mixed first Then, while stirring, slowly add the glycerol, followed by the water. When thoroughly mixed, the mixture will become viscous. Add the calcium carbonate to the above mixture under stirring and ensure complete dispersion.
The flavor and sodium lariul sulfate are then added and the mixture is stirred under vacuum to obtain a uniform composition of liquid dentifrice. Example 15 Liquid toothpaste Parts by weight Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 30 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 1.0 Glycerol 30.0 Water 36.36 Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5 Sodium saccharin 0.1 Flavor 1.0 Bactericide 0.04 According to the above formulation, Example 14 and Liquid toothpaste is produced in the same manner. Example 16 Paste toothpaste Parts by weight Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 45.0 Biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 0.5 Carboxymethylcellulose 0.5 Glycerol 10.0 Sorbitol 10.0 Water 30.86 Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5 Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer 0.5 Satucharin sodium 0.1 Flavor 1.0 Bactericide 0.04 A paste toothpaste is produced in the same manner as in Example 14 according to the above formulation. Additional data regarding this aspect of the invention is described in US Pat. No. 3,963,832. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Water-based paint containing biopolymer PS87 The present invention also relates to water-based paints, more particularly:
Concerning non-dripping water-based paints with the advantages of pseudoplasticity and thixotropy. Water-based paints are polymeric resin emulsions produced by polymerization of monomers. Paints of this type contain, in addition to pigments, other ingredients such as fillers, defoamers, dispersants, freeze-thaw stabilizers, thickeners and preservatives. In water-based paints, the water acts as the thinner for regular oil-based paints; when the paint is applied to a surface as a thin film, the water evaporates and the resin-like or rubber-like substance forms a continuous film. However, in this case, the film becomes water resistant due to oxidation, polymerization, or coalescence of the resin particles. The composition of the water-based paint is varied to suit the conditions of its use. Binders or film-forming agents are rubber-like substances of varying composition, as described in the literature in the field of paint technology. Synthetic plastic semisolids such as styrene-butadiene polymers or polystyrene both before and after plasticization, polyacrylate emulsifiers, polyvinyl chloride emulsifiers, polyvinyl acetate emulsions, vinyl acetate copolymer emulsions such as vinyl acetate-ethylene The copolymers vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl acetate-butadiene copolymer emulsions are particularly well known and are used as binders or film formers in commercially available water-based paints. Both the names emulsifier and synthetic latex are used for this type of synthetic aqueous paint binder, although latex is the preferred terminology.
Although natural latex has been described in the literature as a binder or film-forming agent in water-based paints, it is not commonly used. It is well known to those skilled in the art that there is a need for improvements in the properties of water-based paints. In other words, it has good extensibility and brushability, does not drip, has good fluidity and flatness that gives a smooth glass-like finish, and has a relatively uniform viscosity even when conditions such as temperature and pH change. problems, such as good occlusion and non-sagging properties, good gel structure and strength, ease of manufacture, etc. In particular, water-based paint compositions require improvement in all or most of the desirable properties mentioned above. It was hot. The present invention provides a latex rubber-like aqueous paint binder, a pigment, an aqueous vehicle for the binder and the pigment,
and a water-based paint containing a sufficient amount of biopolymer PS87 to impart pseudoplastic properties to the paint. The appropriate amount of biopolymer PS87 is from 0.01% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the paint, preferably
The content ranges from 0.2% to 2% by weight. When producing an aqueous paint containing an effective amount of biopolymer PS87 to thicken the paint, a resinous film former and a pigmented aqueous emulsion latex composition are added to the paint. Other components can be added to the paint, such as fillers, defoamers, dispersants, freeze-thaw stabilizers and preservatives. The invention also relates to pigments and water and biopolymers.
A process for making a water-based paint comprised of a latex rubber-like water-based paint binder is provided, in which a pigment grind of PS87 is formed and the so treated pigment is then incorporated with a paint binder and optionally other ingredients. The formulation of this type of aqueous paint containing biopolymer PS87 and its method of manufacture are generally described in US Pat. No. 3,894,976. This disclosure is incorporated into the present invention by reference. This aspect of the invention is illustrated by the following example. This example shows a method for making a water-based emulsion paint. Example 17 A flat surface paint is prepared by mixing the following ingredients. Weight% Water 160 Sodium salt of polymerized carboxylic acid 14 Benzyl ether of octylphenol ethylene oxide (100% active) 2 Antifoaming agent 4 Ethylene glycol 10 Hexylene glycol 30 Disinfectant 1 Titanium dioxide 300 Aluminum silicate clay 86 Silica 57 45% by weight Acrylate aqueous emulsion 397 2% solution of biopolymer PS87 as described in Example 5 100 The paint obtained is stable on storage at room temperature, does not gel, separate or precipitate pigments and exhibits good fluidity. Oil Well Drilling Fluid The present invention also relates to a novel drilling fluid and its use as a viscous fluid to be circulated within a wellbore during the excavation of oil wells, gas wells, etc. Drilling mud used for excavating oil wells, gas wells, etc.
It is generally an aqueous liquid containing clay and other colloidal substances. The composition of the filter mass is such that this colloidal material provides the desired viscosity and gelling power to the fluid needed for transporting and suspending the drilling soil and bulking agent, reducing fluid loss to the surrounding rock formations. useful for. Adding viscosity to the drilling fluid, such as through the use of colloidal clays, often has the adverse effect of making the resulting fluid difficult to pump and not imparting adequate lubricity to the drill bit. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a drilling fluid whose viscosity would allow the solids to be suspended within the fluid required for the filter mass, yet whose pumpability and ability to lubricate the drill bit would not be adversely affected. That is, the present invention provides a drilling fluid containing biopolymer PS87. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that a drilling fluid containing biopolymer PS87 exhibits significant pseudoplasticity, and its viscosity decreases significantly when shearing force is applied. This property shows extremely high viscosity at rest or when a slight shearing force is applied, and it is possible to transport and suspend perforated clay and filler present in the liquid.
At the same time, if the drilling fluid is subjected to shear forces, for example in the case of pumping, the viscosity decreases significantly;
Pumping becomes easier. Also, when the drilling fluid is subjected to strong shearing force generated by the drill bit,
In addition, the viscosity is significantly reduced, making it possible to improve the lubricity of the drill bit. The drilling mud of the present invention can be produced by adding biopolymer PS87 to an aqueous drilling fluid. Biopolymer PS87 can be added at concentrations from about 0.05% to about 2.5% by weight, or higher. The solution containing biopolymer PS87 does not add any other substances, so it can be used directly as a drilling mud or breaking fluid. For example, if there is a formation containing clay-type mudstone during drilling, this will help increase the density of the drilling fluid, so the drilling fluid may simply be an aqueous solution of a heteropolysaccharide. During drilling, drilling clay is taken up from the formation, increasing the density of the drilling fluid. Optionally, bulking agents can also be added to the drilling fluid. Examples of fillers include barium sulfate, amorphous silica or calcium carbonate, lead sulfide, barium carbonate, and the like. The drilling fluid may further contain formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, sodium trichlorophene, sodium pentachlorophene, etc. as a preservative. Bulking agents are determined in concentration to provide the desired mud density, and preservatives are generally added at concentrations of about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight based on the liquid weight of the system. In addition to fillers and preservatives, other additives can also be added to the muds or similar liquids of the invention. For example, gel-forming substances such as bentonite and attapulgite clay can be added, as well as liquid loss inhibitors such as carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, and the like. Furthermore, other additives, viscosity modifiers such as iron chromium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, quebrago and calcium lignosulfonate, also calcium treatment agents such as lime, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, emulsifiers such as petroleum sulfonate,
Materials such as tall-all soap, and sodium lignosulfonate and crude oil or diesel oil may be added if an emulsifying liquid is desired. The additives mentioned above are not always all present in a particular drilling mud or other fluid. The amount of this special additive, in part related to the amounts of other components in the liquid, is determined to meet the particular intended use. Biopolymer PS87 is also used as an emulsifier drilling fluid, and by vigorously mixing the resulting water-based fluid, a stable water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained. Water-in-oil emulsions have low liquid loss, a desirable characteristic typical of emulsified drilling fluids. The treatment of this type of biopolymer PS87-containing drilling fluid and its preparation and use are generally described in US Pat. No. 3,979,303. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of this aspect of the invention are provided below. This example is a typical drilling fluid. Example 18 A drilling fluid can be prepared by dissolving the biopolymer PS87 described in Example 5 in saline and adjusting the concentration of the biopolymer to 0.3% by weight. Tertiary Crude Oil Recovery Crude oil is typically recovered from underground reserves in a series of sequential operations. New wells typically extract only a limited amount of crude oil as a result of the well's internal pressure being released. When this pressure dissipates, more oil must be pumped out using machinery. This operation only recovers about 25% of the total amount of oil in the reserves. Significant amounts of crude oil are trapped in pores in the formation. In order to further advance the collection, secondary collection is performed. One recovery method involves pumping water through an oil well or series of wells to cause a flood and displace some of the crude oil trapped in porous rock.
Collect the displaced crude oil from surrounding oil wells. However, water flooding leaves about 55-60% of the oil trapped in the formation intact. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that water has a lower viscosity than crude oil, so it tends to follow the path of least resistance, touching only the crude oil and not reaching large mine holes.
Furthermore, surface forces within the formation tend to bind the oil and prevent displacement. More recently, further crude oil has been extracted from these reserves by increasing the viscosity and permeability of the displacement liquid, and by using fluids whose mobility is tailored to increase the efficiency of crude oil replacement. Many methods have been developed for recovery. Of particular interest is a method for increasing the recovery amount using a polymer flooding method using polysaccharide or polyacrylamide to increase the viscosity of the replacement liquid. A variation of this method uses surfactants or surfactant adjuvants to release crude oil from rock formations. It has been found that certain polyacrylamides have the disadvantage of losing viscosity in salt water. The invention was completed with the discovery that the biopolymer PS87 is salt resistant, does not precipitate or lose viscosity under normal conditions of use, and is shear, thermal and viscosity stable over a wide pH range. It was done. The biopolymer PS87 exhibits a good displacing effect on oil, is difficult to absorb into the elements of porous formations, and has a suitable viscosity for increasing crude oil recovery (1% solution at 20 °C
exhibiting a viscosity of at least 150 poise). That is, the present invention provides
Biopolymer from 0.005% to 0.5% by weight
A mobility adjusting solution for oil extraction comprising an aqueous solution containing PS87 is provided. Salt such as common salt can also be added to this aqueous solution. The present invention also provides a method for recovering crude oil from an oil-bearing underground rock formation by injecting into the rock formation a mobility conditioning solution containing from 0.005% to 0.5% by weight of the biopolymer PS87. Since transporting large quantities of mobility conditioning solution for injection into oil reserves is impractical under some conditions, biopolymer PS87 can be provided in dry or dehydrated form for this purpose and can be used at the required location. Sometimes it is convenient to regenerate with water or saline.
If a solution of biopolymer PS87 needs to be preserved before use, addition of formaldehyde at a concentration of 0.02% to 1% by weight relative to the weight of the control solution generally prevents deleterious changes by contaminant microorganisms. be able to. Further data regarding this aspect of the invention is described in GB 1531970. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Suspension Polymerization The present invention also relates in a broad sense to e.g.
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and
Technology, Volume 13. Suspension polymerization evolved from the older particulate polymerization, first introduced in the production of polystyrene, and is a type of bulk polymerization in which droplets of liquid monomer are dispersed in water and polymerize to form solid spherical particles. It is. A key point in suspension polymerization is the creation and maintenance of a uniform suspension of monomer droplets. The droplets gradually transform from a viscous substance to a hard granular solid, resulting in the formation of agglomerates when particles settle or agglomerate. This operation requires adequate agitation and stabilizing agents to maintain suspension so that droplet or particle contact is minimized. The procedure used for suspension polymerization is almost the same regardless of the monomer used; monomers are added to liquid droplets into a stirred stabilizing medium of water containing small amounts of suspending and dispersing agents. Disperse as. The catalyst (initiator) is added to the reaction mixture after monomer addition. Suspending agents are usually protective colloids (water-soluble polymers) such as widely used protective colloids such as carboxymethylcellulose, 1:1 mixtures of carboxymethylcellulose and starch, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol. ,
Gelatin, alginate, gum arabic and gum tragacanth are used. The use of the biopolymer PS87 as a suspending agent in the production of solid particulate polymers by suspension polymerization of liquid monomers has proven advantageous. The amount of biopolymer PS87 added is from 0.1% to 5% by weight relative to the weight of the monomers used in the process. The present invention therefore provides the following method: acrylic acid or its polymerizable derivatives, methacrylic acid or its polymerizable derivatives, esters or ethers of vinyl alcohol, vinylidene chloride, styrene or methylstyrene in the presence of 0.1 to 5% by weight of biopolymer PS87. A method is provided for the aqueous suspension polymerization of liquid monomers such as into particulate polymers. This modification of suspension agents is applicable to all monomers that can be polymerized in suspension polymerization. Monomers to which the improvement can be applied are (1) polymerizable derivatives of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, such as methacrylic acid itself, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, phenylethyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, Isopropyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, phenylethyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, (2) Esters and ethers of vinyl alcohols, such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate. , vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl phenyl ether, (3) vinylidene chloride, and (4) styrene and its α-alkyl derivatives, such as styrene and α-methylstyrene. In certain embodiments using methyl methacrylate as the monomer, 0.1
Biopolymer PS87 on the order of ~1% by weight was added. In embodiments where other styrene was used as the monomer, biopolymer PS87 was added on the order of 0.1-0.5% by weight relative to styrene. In still other embodiments using styrene as the monomer, biopolymer PS87 was added on the order of 2.0-4.0% by weight of styrene. The procedures and examples used for the suspension polymerization process in the presence of biopolymer PS87 are described in further detail in US Pat. No. 3,852,257. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention also relates to aqueous, build-liquid cleaning agents with improved physical storage stability. It is well known that one of the major problems with aqueous, build liquid cleaning compositions is that these types of compositions do not have sufficient physical storage stability. Unless special measures are taken, the builder salt and possibly other components in compositions of this type will separate. This tendency is particularly noticeable when such builder salts are added at high concentrations. Therefore, many proposals have been made in this technical field, including the addition of specific stabilizers to stably suspend the builder salt in the composition. Examples of known stabilizers include synthetic polymers such as copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylene, vinyl methyl ether, polyacrylates, and the like. Polymers of this type are usually used in concentrations of 0.5 to 2% by weight. Although satisfactory storage stability is not achieved with polymers of this type, compositions stabilized in this way often have a viscosity higher than desired and steps are taken to reduce the viscosity. A careful balance between stability and viscosity is therefore required. The present invention demonstrates that the addition of very small amounts of the biopolymer PS87 to aqueous, build-liquid cleaning compositions imparts superior physical storage stability and that compositions stabilized in this manner are superior to other polymers in the prior art. It has been revealed that the viscosity is lower than that when the compound is added, and shows an acceptable viscosity. The invention therefore also uses biopolymers as active detergent substances, builders and stabilizers.
An aqueous, build liquid cleaning composition containing PS87 is provided. The amount of biopolymer PS87 used in the aqueous, built liquid detergent composition of the present invention is from 0.05 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total composition weight. The liquid detergent compositions of the present invention further comprise active detergent compositions as a main component, i.e. alkali metal or alkanolamine soaps of _C10 - _C24 fatty acids, including polymerized fatty acids, or anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic It may also contain synthetic detergents or any mixtures thereof. Examples of anionic surfactants include _C9 - _C20 alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, _C8 - _C22 primary or secondary alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, _C8 - _C24 olefinsulfonic acids, such as those described in British Patent No.
Sulfonated polycarboxylic acid, _{C8 - C22} alkyl sulfonic acid, C8- _C24 alkyl polyglycol ether obtained by sulfonation of the thermal decomposition product of alkaline earth metal citrate described in No. 1082179. Salts of sulfonic acids (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide) (sodium, potassium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts such as mono,
(including di- and triethanolamine salts). Other examples are Schwartz Perry and Berch
Author “Surface Active Agents and Detergents”
Described in Volumes 1 and 2. Examples of non-ionic synthetic detergents include _C8 - _C18 alkylphenols, _C8 - _C18 primary or secondary aliphatic alcohols, _C8 - _C18 fatty acid amides and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butyrelene. There are condensation products of oxides. Examples of nonionic detergents include one other C ₈ to _{C 18}
There are secondary amine oxides with an alkyl chain and two _{C1-3 alkyl} chains. Other examples of nonionic detergents are also described in the senior literature. The average number of moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide molecules present in the nonionic detergent is 1 to 30. Various nonionic surfactants can be used in mixtures, including mixtures of those with a high degree of alkylation and those with a low degree of alkylation. Examples of amphoteric or amphoteric nonionic detergents include N-
These include alkylamino acids, sulfobetaines, and condensation products of fatty acids and protein hydrolysates. However, because they are expensive, they are usually used in combination with anionic or nonionic detergents. It is also possible to use a mixture of various surfactants. Soaps of C ₁₀ to C ₂₀ fatty acids and polymerized fatty acids (their sodium, potassium and substituted ammonium salts such as triethanolamine salts) can also be used, preferably in combination with anionic and/or nonionic synthetic detergents. , which has a favorable influence on the foamability of the final composition. The amount of active detergent is 1-60%, preferably 2-40%
%, particularly preferably 5 to 25%. For example, when using a mixture of anionic and nonionic detergents, the weight ratio can vary from 10:1 to 1:10. Preferably the ratio is from 6:1 to 1:6. If soap is added, its amount is from 1 to 40% by weight. The liquid compositions of the invention may further contain up to 60% of suitable builders, such as sodium pyro- and tripolyphosphates, nitrilotriacetic acids, ether polycarboxylic acids, succinic acids, carbonic acids, orthophosphoric acids, zeolites, carboxymethyloxysuccinates, etc. Potassium and ammonium or substituted ammonium salts and the like can be added. Particularly preferred are polyphosphoric acid builder salts, nitrilotriacetates, zeolites and mixtures thereof. Generally, the builder comprises 1 to 60% by weight of the final composition.
Preferably it is added in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight. The amount of water in the cleaning composition of the invention is between 5 and 70% by weight.
It is. Other conventional ingredients may also be added to the liquid detergent compositions of the present invention. For example, fixed suspending agents, suspending agents, corrosion inhibitors, colorants, fragrances, silicates, brighteners, juice enhancers, juice suppressants, fungicides, anti-tarnishing agents, emulsifying agents, proteases, amylases and cellulases. enzymes, fabric softeners, oxygen releasing bleaches in the presence or absence of bleach precursors such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or percarboxylic acids, diperphthalic anhydride, buffers, etc. . In this case, it is often advantageous to add a small amount of salt, for example common salt, since the efficiency has been improved with the biopolymer PS87. The invention will now be explained in more detail with the following examples. Example 19 The following liquid composition was prepared. The product has the following physical properties: A: Viscosity approximately 10 poise, still stable after storage for 3 months at 23℃ B: Viscosity 2.8 poise at 100sec ^-1 , still stable for 1 month at 23℃ C: Slight oozing after storage at 23℃ for 1 week D: Rarely possible to drip. , 1 week at 23℃, no signs of instability E: Same as above F: Same as above G: Viscosity about 10 poise, 3 months storage at 23℃, still stable

[Table] Furthermore, detailed applications of biopolymer PS87 are shown along with expected benefits. Bread extender for food applications When biopolymer PS87 is used as a bread extender, it is suitable for cold use. It has excellent texture, texture and flavor release, and the bulk is not absorbed by the skin. Flavored emulsified products for bread A product with excellent stability, fine edges, and drippability is obtained. Compared to conventional stabilized flavor emulsion products for bread, stabilization with biopolymer PS87 reduces production time. Canned Food Biopolymer PS87 shows excellent viscosity control under operating conditions. Shear reduction properties facilitate improved pumping and filling operations. Replacing some of the starch will speed up the passage of heat, while also being effective in maintaining nutrition and appearance. Dry Mix Biopolymer PS87 rapidly cools down both in cold and hot conditions.
High viscosities can be made and mayonnaise, milkshakes, sauces, gravies and beverages exhibit excellent texture, texture and flavor release. Frozen Foods Biopolymer PS87 exhibits excellent emulsification, suspension stability, syneresis maintenance and inhibition for dressings, sauces and gravies during freeze-thaw and heating. small amount of biopolymer
The addition of PS87 significantly improves the freeze-thaw stability of starch thickened products. Youth Beverages Low concentrations of biopolymers are effective for long-term suspension of fruit pulp, improving flavor uniformity, hardness, and texture. Droppable Dressing At much lower concentrations than other conventional rubbers, the biopolymer PS87 has excellent emulsifying ability, ease of pumping, reduced rubbery texture, increased tackiness,
Shows excellent dripping properties and good flavor release even at refrigeration temperatures. This is due to pseudoplasticity. Condiments When biopolymers are added to condiments, no cooking is required and liquid loss during filling is eliminated. Adhesion of seasonings and liquids to hot dogs and hamburgers is improved, and soggy bread can be prevented. Syrup Biopolymer PS87's rheological properties improve dripping properties, improve adhesion to ice cream, fruit, pancakes, etc., and control seepage and spillage. Dietary Foods Biopolymer PS87 can be used as a bulking agent in dietary foods and special patient meals. Beer Biopolymer PS87 can be used as a beer body agent. Industrial applications of biopolymer PS87 as an abrasive The low viscosity of biopolymer PS87 under high shear forces provides rapid abrasive action and easy removal of abrasive particles, as well as improved abrasive suspension. Adhesive The rheological properties of the biopolymer PS87 allow adjustment of adhesive penetration. The adhesive is easily pumpable and has a low viscosity upon application but a high viscosity under low shear conditions. Water is released quickly when drying. Agriculture Biopolymer PS87 is used as herbicide, insecticide, fertilizer,
Can be used as a suspending agent for fungicides. Milk migration improves tackiness and therefore extends contact time during spraying. It can also be used as an excellent stabilizer in fluid agricultural chemicals. Ceramics Biopolymer PS87 suspends the ingredients in the glaze and maintains its viscosity. The extrusion has better glide and the strength of the product before baking is improved. Cleaner The rheological properties of biopolymer PS87 extend the adhesion time on vertical surfaces. It is believed to enable the formulation of industrial gel-type acid and alkaline cleaners. Gel Biopolymer PS87 Borax acts as a gelling agent for explosives. Biopolymer PS87 iron gel has the ability to reduce the use of urea-formaldehyde adhesives in particle plates. Mining Biopolymer PS87 can adjust the sedimentation rate of ore in the sedimentation process, acts as a sedimentation agent in the separation process, and has a foaming stabilizing effect. It reduces drag by 65% for slurry transport and exhibits suspendability, especially under low shear conditions. Paper industry In the paper industry, it exhibits anti-smudge action as a rheology modifier in high solids size presses and roll coatings. It can be used to assist in wet edge formation, suspend raw starch in a diet extractor, and suppress dehydration in air knife coating. Pigments Biopolymer PS87 is used to suspend pigment slurries during transportation and storage, and has the effect of inhibiting caking. Polishing Biopolymer PS87 can provide solid suspensions in shoe polishes, abrasive suspensions in silver and brass polishes and emulsion stabilization in wax polishes. Biopolymers as suspending agents for textile dyes and pigments
PS87 can be tailored for applications in space printing and Kuester dyeing, and acts as a flow improver during print use. Wallpaper Biopolymer PS87 can be used as a flow improver and suspending agent during printing. Welding Rod Biopolymer PS87 can be lubricated during extrusion and can provide green strength. Deodorizing gel The deodorizing gel made from the biopolymer PS87 is thermally plastic (it gels when it is cooled when it is hot in the field). A sticky, rubbery gel forms and slowly releases the deodorizer. Firefighting Due to its high viscosity at low concentrations, biopolymers
PS87 can improve the drop pattern and adhesion of fireproofing to trees and shrubs. Paper Sizing Agent Using biopolymer PS87 by paper industry,
Promotes rosin-flame sizing effect,
Can increase Mullenreading and improve internal water resistance. Suspension The high yield stress value of biopolymer PS87 solution can provide stable suspension of various materials. Pyrotechnics Besides being comparable to high concentrations of inorganic nitrates, biopolymer PS87 can be easily gelled to obtain water-resistant slurry. Various Photographic Processing Biopolymer PS87 is highly miscible with photographic processing solutions and is thermally reversible under temperature control of photographic processing. The result is a smooth surface with low syneresis. Soil Erosion Biopolymer PS87 can be used to prevent soil erosion. Biopolymer PS87 can also be used in food or other industrial fields. Inks Biopolymer PS87 can be used as a suspending agent or stabilizer for water-based or emulsion inks, providing controlled penetration and water release with uniform gloss. Applications of suspension For example, dispersion of protein solids in milk replacer for calves. Suspension shampoo for preventing dandruff. Frozen composition Biopolymer PS87 at a concentration of 1-6% W/V
The solution produces a gel that does not flow at room temperature. Such gels can be made in the presence of high electrolyte concentrations and are suitable as frozen compositions for cooling.
For example, a gel containing 3% W/V biopolymer PS87 and 22% W/V NaCl, with no release of free electrolyte solution, no loss of extensibility, and withstands repeated freeze-thaw. Applications of emulsions: eg hand creams, foams, wax polishes, ice creams, margarines and other non-dairy spreads, chocolats, cosmetics (lipsticks, etc.). Form stabilization For example milkshakes, beer. Application of gel type “cling” For example, acid/neutral cleaner, bathtub rust removal,
Iron - stain removal, denture fixation. Other gel uses e.g. reconstituted fruit, shower wash/
Xiangpu. Thickening applications such as yogurt, improved texture, ice cream, pie fillings, jams, preserves. Other uses, such as reconstitution of tobacco leaves, bread making with low gluten flour, anti-redeposition properties. Not too much.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A heteropolysaccharide mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid, optionally containing fucose, having a specific optical rotation power [α] ²⁵ _D = +60 and a molecular weight of 34±4×10 ⁴ , the 1% by weight solution has pseudoplasticity, and the hardness and yield value at 20°C of the 1% by weight solution are 200 poise or more and 50 dynes/cm ² or more, respectively. A heteropolysaccharide characterized by: 2 40-45% by weight glucose, 10-20% by weight galactose, 25-30% by weight mannose, 6-13% by weight glucuronic acid, and 0-20% by weight.
characterized by consisting of 1.5% by weight of fucose,
A heteropolysaccharide according to claim 1. 3. Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of 41% by weight of glucose, 12% by weight of galactose, 28% by weight of mannose, 9% by weight of glucuronic acid, and 0.8% by weight of fucose. Heteropolysaccharide as described in Section. 4. A heteropolysaccharide mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid, optionally containing fucose, with a specific rotational power [α] ²⁵ _D = +60 and a molecular weight of 34 ± 4 × 10 ⁴ of a heteropolysaccharide whose 1% by weight solution has pseudoplasticity and whose hardness at 20°C and yield value at 20°C of the 1% by weight solution are 200 poise or more and 50 dynes/cm ² or more, respectively. In the production method, a microorganism strain belonging to the genus Bacillus having genetic material involved in the synthesis of the heteropolysaccharide is grown under deep aerobic conditions in an aqueous solution containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an iron source, a magnesium source, and a phosphorus source. The pH of the medium was adjusted until substantial production of heteropolysaccharides occurred.
4.5 to 7.5, and then isolating the heteropolysaccharide from the medium. 5. The medium in which the heteropolysaccharide is substantially accumulated is heated at a pH of 8 or higher at least.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method is heated to 50° C., and then the coagulated bacterial cells and bacterial cell residue are separated from the medium to obtain a visually transparent heteropolysaccharide. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the microorganism is Bacillus polymyxa. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the Bacillus polymyxa strain is Bacillus polymyxa NCIB11429.