JPH0348751B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Claim 1: An electric motor arrangement combining a control device with an electric motor having at least one repeatable portion including a group of poles and a winding, wherein the stator and the armature face each other across an air gap, arranged for relative movement in at least one predetermined direction, the stator comprising two stator poles for each repeatable section facing the air gap and arranged in the direction of relative movement. , the armature comprises an armature magnetic structure and a plurality of open windings for each repeatable portion, each of the windings having a starting end and a terminal end, the ends of each winding being opposite to each other; each winding overlaps at least one adjacent winding and is affixed to the magnetic structure of the armature and inductively connected to the magnetic structure of the armature. electrical connection means establish electrical connection with the ends of the open windings of the armature; and magnetomotive force means couple the biasing of the stator poles to adjacent biased magnets. The stator magnetic poles connected to each other are of opposite polarity, and the current applying means causes a current to flow through the electrical connection means and the connected armature winding to connect the electromagnetic poles of the armature to the adjacent poles. and the electrical connection means changes the number of armature windings energized when receiving a command to control the strength of the electromagnetic poles of the armature. and by connecting to at least one unenergized armature winding and breaking the connection to at least one previously energized armature winding, the electromagnetic constructed and arranged to move a pole on the magnetic structure of the armature to maintain a predetermined operating direction of the armature pole relative to the stator pole when the relative movement occurs; the operating direction changing means individually changes the operating direction of the electromagnetic poles of the armature by one stator magnetic pole pitch with respect to the stator magnetic poles in the direction of the relative movement; An electric motor device characterized in that the magnitude and direction of the force and torque generated by the electric motor are controlled by controlling the electric connection means and the operation direction changing means. 2. The electrical connection means includes means for connecting the armature windings to generate an output stepwise between zero and maximum electric functional power, and means for operating the operating direction changing means between them. An electric motor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. A motor arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said electrical connection means are constructed and arranged to provide at least one unconnected armature winding. 4. Claims 1 to 3 include magnetomotive force control means for controlling the magnetomotive force means to urge various numbers of the stator magnetic poles to various strengths. The electric motor device according to any one of paragraphs. 5. The electrical connection means and the magnetomotive force control means are configured such that the repeatable portion establishes the armature electromagnetic poles and the stator magnetic poles to a strength that causes them to rise to a first level motor output. The electric motor device according to claim 4, characterized in that the electric motor device is constructed and arranged. 6 said electrical connection means and said magnetomotive force control means are configured to establish, by said repeatable portion, said armature electromagnetic poles and said stator magnetic poles to a strength that rises to a second level motor output; A motor device as claimed in claim 5, constructed and arranged in a manner further comprising means for establishing by means of a repeatable portion another magnetic pole strength rising to another level of motor output. An electric motor device characterized by being provided with. 7. Claim 1, characterized in that it includes means for processing the magnetic energy available as an induced kick voltage between the interrupted armature windings.
The electric motor device according to any one of items 6 to 6. 8. Claims 1 to 7, wherein the armature winding extends between both ends and the electrical connection means.
In the electric motor device according to any one of paragraphs, a commutator carried by the armature includes a plurality of pieces spaced apart in the direction of relative movement and arranged in pairs. a commutator, the pieces of each pair being separated by one stator pole pitch, each piece of the pair being coupled to a respective end of an armature winding; one first group for each repeatable section; and a second group of brushes, wherein when said relative movement occurs, at least one pair of brushes of each group is arranged in contact with a corresponding pair of commutator segments. a plurality of brushes in contact and coupled to the commutator such that each pair of commutator segments temporarily breaks contact with the brushes as the pair of segments passes between brush groups; brush holder means for supporting an array of brushes; and electrical switching means, wherein each pair of said commutator segments is contacted in one segment by said first group of brushes, and electrical switching means corresponding thereto. An electric motor device, wherein the armature winding and the stator winding are connected to each other so as to control the current flowing through the armature winding and the stator winding that are contacted by the second group of brushes. 9. The current flowing through the open circuit winding is interrupted when each commutator segment moves to break contact with the brush, and the current flowing through the open circuit winding is interrupted when the respective commutator segment moves to break contact with the brush, and the current flowing through the two commutator segments of the pair connected to this interrupted open circuit winding is 9. The electric motor device according to claim 8, wherein an induced voltage is generated between the electric motor devices. 10. The electric motor according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes an electrical energy recovery/processing means for recovering and processing electrical energy recovered from the induced voltage resulting from the interruption of the armature winding. Device. 11. The electrical energy recovery and processing means includes a plurality of half-bridge circuits, each of the half-bridge circuits being connected between a group of brushes and an electrical terminal, each of the half-bridge circuits having a each of which includes a diode, the armature winding between each commutator bar is reverse biased until it is interrupted and produces a self-induced voltage, which causes the armature winding between the respective commutator segments to forward biasing at least one diode of a bridge circuit and a half-bridge circuit coupled to opposite ends of said disconnected armature winding, such that at least one diode included in said disconnected armature winding; 11. The electric motor device according to claim 10, wherein electromagnetic energy is recovered as electrical energy and supplied to the electrical terminals with respective polarities. 12. The electrical energy recovery and processing means includes a plurality of half-bridge circuits, each half-bridge circuit being connected between an electrical switch and an electrical terminal, and each of the half-bridge circuits having at least one diodes, the windings connected to the electrical switch are reverse biased until they are cut off and produce a self-induced voltage, which causes the half-bridge circuit and the armature winding to By forward biasing at least one diode with a half-bridge circuit coupled to the opposite ends of the wire, the electromagnetic energy contained in the interrupted windings is recovered as electrical energy and the polarity of each 11. The electric motor device according to claim 10, wherein the electric motor device is supplied to the electrical terminal. 13. The current applying means for passing a current through the electrical connection means includes positive and negative terminals for receiving or supplying electrical energy, and the electrical energy recovery/processing means The electric motor according to claim 10, further comprising a group of diodes connected between the first group of brushes and the terminal and between the second group of brushes and the terminal. Device. 14. The invention further comprises means for individually changing the operating direction of the armature poles by one stator pole pitch with respect to the stator poles in the direction of relative movement. Items 1 to 13
The electric motor device according to any one of paragraphs. 15. The means for individually changing the operating direction of the armature poles is configured such that the first
Subject to Claim 8, characterized in that it comprises brush holder means for holding a plurality of brushes arranged in a group and a second group and displacing the brushes in said direction of relative movement. An electric motor device according to claim 14. 16 comprising a plurality of energy treatment brushes and energy treatment means coupled to each energy treatment brush, including means for utilizing the recovered electrical energy, at least one energy treatment brush being connected to each neighbor; located between mating groups of brushes, contacting the commutator bar simultaneously with the brush when the commutator bar leaves contact with one brush of the brush group;
Further, during at least part of the movement of the commutator pieces between adjacent brush groups, the brushes are completely in contact with the commutator pieces. electric motor equipment. 17 including electrical switch means operative to control said magnetic field by energizing a winding inductively coupling said magnetic structure with electrical energy derived from electrical terminal means; The electric motor device according to claim 10, characterized in that: 18. The magnetomotive force control means comprises multiple stator windings for energizing the stator magnetic poles, the multiple stator windings being energable together with associated armature windings to form a winding set. An electric motor device according to claim 8 as dependent on claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a wire. 19 Claim 1, wherein the stator windings that energize the stator magnetic poles are formed into an integral number of stator winding pairs.
9. A motor device according to claim 8, comprising positive and negative electrical terminal means for receiving electrical energy to and transmitting electrical energy to and from the motor; A stator winding is coupled between the electrical connection means and one of the terminals, the other stator winding of the pair of stator windings being coupled between the other of the terminals and the first brush. A motor device, characterized in that the electric motor device is coupled between the second brush and the second brush, which is moved one stator pole pitch from the section. 20. Claims characterized in that said electrical connection means for changing the number of armature windings energized includes means for connecting to any number of said windings from zero to any number. The electric motor device according to any one of Items 1 to 19. 21. The armature pole is located between a maximum and a minimum magnetic field energy position for each combination of the magnetomotive force means and the armature electromagnetic pole at the relative position. Range 1
The electric motor device according to any one of items 20 to 20. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is disclosed in the international application PCT/US80/00226 (1980
The present invention relates to a control device for a multi-winding electric motor as described in the application filed on March 3, 2013, entitled: Multi-winding Electric Machine. The present application provides torque control of a multi-winding motor by positioning a brush retainer as well as operating various electrical switches that energize various sets of torque-generating windings within the motor. Energizing and deenergizing these winding sets are individual electrical switches that can be operated in sequence to maintain the multi-winding electric machine at all torque levels. This multi-winding motor can be controlled in a unique manner.
That is, this multi-winding motor has as a number of electrical control points a number of brushes in two groups in contact with the commutator. Each of these brushes may be directly or in series with the stator winding or a portion thereof.
It can be powered by electrical energy from an electrical energy source via an electrical switch. Therefore, by operating these electric switches, the magnitude of the torque generated by the multi-winding motor can be controlled. Another feature of the torque control of this multi-winding electric motor is the switching of the position of the brush holder, which is used to change the position of the multiple brushes in the second group, thereby controlling the direction and magnitude of the generated torque. This is what I did. Further in accordance with the invention, the individual electrical switches are operated one by one and cumulatively in a reversible sequence to increase the desired torque within the capacity of the machine in regular increments. Single and cumulative operation of electrical switches means that one switch is operated at a time, and once a switch is operated during a torque increase sequence or a torque decrease sequence, it remains in that position and remains in that position for the next operation. This means that the switch is working. The invention further includes a means for recovering electromagnetic energy from an open circuit armature winding of a multi-winding motor that intersects the two groups of brushes through a coupled commutator bar. The energy recovery means includes a half-bridge circuit consisting of a plurality of diodes inserted between each group of brushes and the power supply terminals. The diode is normally reverse-biased, but when the open-circuit armature winding is interrupted, it induces a voltage across the open-circuited armature winding that breaks out in the half-bridge circuit. The electromagnetic energy associated with the shredded open circuit armature winding is recovered and routed to the power supply terminals. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Technical Field This application relates to a torque control device for speed and both positive and negative torque of an electric motor, a motor starting device, and a power output control device. The present invention relates to a control device of this kind for a brush-type machine, and in particular to a control device for a brush-type electric machine as described in international application PCT/US80/00226. 2. Background Art Conventional brush-type electromechanical control devices use series resistors to control speed and current, particularly excessive currents that occur during motor starting. Control over these brush-type machines is very important when applying these motors. There is a need for a highly reliable and highly efficient control device for brush type machines. The speed and torque of a series motor powered by a constant potential source can be controlled by inserting a resistor in series with the main circuit. Speed control of shunt and compound-wound motors is obtained by inserting a resistor in series with the armature circuit only. In shunt-wound motors, the speed can be controlled by changing the stator field flux. However, special configuration is required to prevent runaway of the motor when the parallel stator field flux is very weak. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by varying the applied voltage. Ward Leonard speed control is an example of a method that changes the voltage applied to a DC motor. In the Ward Leonard method, an adjustable output voltage from a motor generator is applied to the motor. In order to control the output torque of the motor, a control device for a vehicle electric motor uses a semiconductor chopper control device together with an electromechanical switch that connects various combinations of resistors and batteries to adjust the input power to the motor. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, for the multi-winding motor,
It is controlled by changing the number of torque generating winding sets. Each multi-winding motor has a number of torque-generating winding sets that have a predetermined range of positions around the brush empty and energizing torque-generating winding sets along the direction of rotation of the armature. Because they are energized and deenergized in sequence, a multi-winding motor can operate efficiently with a varying number of torque-generating winding sets energized to approximately mechanically balance the loads on its bearings. Ru. In FIG. 1, the torque generating winding set of one multi-winding electric motor is divided into split stator windings 9-
10 and 11-12, and armature windings such as multi-wound electric machine open-circuit armature windings 60-61, which are similar to the multi-wound electric motor described in said International Application. Similarly arranged, brush 1
3 and 14 and a brush retainer 82. Each torque generating winding set is energized by a current flowing through a torque generating set current control means. This current control means is connected to various electrical switches, such as switches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8 or the brushes 13, 21, of the first brush group associated with the individual torque generating winding sets by lifting the brushes from the rectifier.
27, 33 and brush 1 of the second brush group
4, 22, 28, and 34 commutator contacts.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a two-pole multiple winding motor control circuit in which the multiple winding motor has four torque generating winding sets and the torque is generated by actuating four double pole single throw switches. It is variable in 4 stages from zero to maximum. This multi-winding motor diagram employs the same simplified diagramming method used in the aforementioned international application, with the addition of a brush holder. To simplify FIG. 1 and represent a multi-winding motor in one plane, a commutator 88 having commutator pieces 72 to 81, brushes 14, 22, 28, 34, 1
5, 13, 21, 27, 33, 16, connection circuit,
The brush holder 82 and the brush spring 93 are connected to the stator pole 7
0.71 and the enlarged air gap between armature 86. In the preferred actual electrical machine according to the international application and the present application, these circuit elements are removed from this hypothetical but simplified air gap arrangement and are placed adjacent to the stator yoke 83 and the armature magnetic member 86. . The international application contains several diagrams showing the practical arrangement of commutators and brush holders in rotating multi-winding electric machines. In FIG. 1, the dashed lines represent the stator and armature windings passing behind the magnetic members of the stator and armature, respectively. FIG. 2 shows a cam actuated control system for operating the four switches of FIG. 1 to provide forward torque control for the multi-winding motor of FIG. Figure 3 shows a part of the multi-winding motor shown in Fig. 1, and shows a neutral position with respect to the stator poles, that is, a position where the multi-winding motor has zero speed and does not generate either forward or reverse torque. The moved brush retainer is shown. FIG. 4 represents a portion of the multi-winding motor of FIG. 1, showing the brush retainer moved so as to generate a torque in the opposite direction to that of FIG. 1 with respect to the stator poles. Figure 5 shows a cam-operated control that operates the four switches in Figure 1 to provide torque control in the forward direction depending on the position of the brush retainer in Figure 1 or in the reverse direction depending on the position of the brush retainer in Figure 4. Show the device. FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a four-pole multiple winding motor control system, the multiple winding motor having eight torque generating winding sets, the torque being able to actuate eight three pole single throw switches. It is variable in 8 steps from zero to maximum. This multi-winding motor diagram follows the same simplified diagramming method as shown in the above-mentioned international application and in FIG. However, in this figure, the commutator is 223, the commutator pieces are 177-196, the brush holder is 222, the brushes are 157-176, and the brush spring is 226. In FIG. 6, the dashed lines represent the stator and armature windings passing behind the magnetic members of the stator and armature, respectively.

[Detailed description of the invention]

This detailed description includes (1) a forward torque control system for a two-stator pole multi-winding motor, (2) recovery of energy from armature windings that are not energized as a torque generating set, and (3) a two-stator pole Reverse torque control device for multiple winding motors (4) Forward torque control device for general multiple stator pole multiple winding motors represented by two-stator type dual multiple winding motors (5) General multiple stator pole multiple winding motors A reverse torque control device for a line motor is described. Two stator poles 70 and 71, four split stator windings 9-10, as shown in the diagram of FIG.
11-12, 17-18, 19-20, 23-2
4, 25-26, 29-30, 31-32, and five open armature windings 60-61, 62-63,
2 with 64-65, 66-67, 68-69
Consider a pole multiple winding motor. As can be seen from the above-mentioned international application, the number of stator windings being four is merely the number of stator windings chosen to simplify this multi-winding motor control system, and it is possible to use more or less than four stator windings. This is not intended to exclude control devices for stator windings. Similarly, the five open circuit armature windings were chosen to simplify this multi-winding motor control system, excluding multi-winding motors or control systems with five or less or five or more open armature windings. It is not my intention to do so. FIG. 1 further shows the stator yoke 8
3. Structural support body 84, key 85, brush spring 9
3. Spring-mounted brushes 13, 14, 21, 2
2, 27, 28, 33, 34, brush holder 8
2, armature 86, its teeth 87, commutator 88, commutator pieces 72 to 81, mechanical energy coupling part 89,
Key 90, brush vacancies 15, 16 are shown. In a rotating multi-winding electric motor, the structural support 84 is the stator housing and the mechanical energy coupling 8
9 is a shaft, and a bearing positions the shaft within the housing and allows rotation therein. This structure is shown in the above-mentioned international application. Brush gaps are also disclosed in the same application, but generally, brush gaps are gaps in the brushes that allow the open armature winding current to break and reverse. The brushes are divided into two groups, a first group and a second group, with the brush vacant position as a boundary. brush 1
3, 21, 27, 33 are brushes of the first group;
Brushes 14, 22, 28, and 34 are the second group of brushes. Brush retainer 82 is mechanically attached to structural support 84 and commutator 88 is attached to mechanical energy coupling 89 . This multi-winding motor allows the torque to be switched at approximately 1/4 of the maximum torque by energizing and de-energizing the segmented stator windings one set at a time in a four-step sequence. In FIG. 1, in the first step of this sequence, the stator windings 9-10 and 11-1 are connected to the DC power source 51 by closing electric switches 1 and 2.
2 is energized. Stator windings 9-10 and 11-12
are connected to the first and second groups of brushes 13 and 14, respectively, and these brushes are connected to the open circuit armature winding in the direction of torque generation from the brush empty position through various commutator pieces at various armature positions. energizes the armature winding that is shifted one position in the opposite direction, i.e., the armature winding that then advances to the brush free position in the generation of torque in the forward direction that would move the armature to the left in FIG. In FIG. 1, the second step of this sequence continues the first step, and also closes the electric switches 3 and 4 to turn on the stator winding 17 by the DC power source 51.
-18 and 19-20 are energized. Stator winding 17
-18 and 19-20 are connected to the first and second groups of brushes 21 and 22, respectively, which are connected to the brushes 21 and 22 at different armature positions via different commutator pieces.
Among the open armature windings, the armature winding located two positions away from the brush vacant position in the direction opposite to the torque generation direction is energized. In FIG. 1, the third step in this sequence continues the second step and switches on electrical switches 5 and 6.
is closed and the stator windings 23-24 are connected by the power supply 51.
and energizes 25-26. These stator windings are connected to a first group and a second group of brushes 27 and 28, respectively, and these brushes are connected at different armature positions and through different commutator pieces, so that the direction of torque generation is different from the brush empty position. energize the open armature windings that are three positions apart in the opposite direction; In FIG. 1, the fourth step in this sequence continues the third step and switches on electrical switches 7 and 8.
is closed and the stator windings 29-30 are connected by the power supply 51.
and energizes 31-32. These stator windings are connected to a first group and a second group of brushes 33 and 34, respectively, and these brushes are connected at various armature positions and through various commutator pieces to the brush empty position in a direction opposite to the direction of torque generation. energizes the open circuit armature windings offset by four directions. It should be noted that in the above four stages, the first and second groups of brushes are sequentially energized with respect to brush emptying in an order opposite to the direction of torque generation. That is, in the first stage, the brushes of the first group and the second group, which are located one position away from the brush vacant position, are energized, and in the second stage, the first stage continues and the brushes are located two positions shifted from the brush vacant position. 1st
The brushes of the group and the second group are energized, and in the third stage, the second stage continues and the brushes of the first and second groups, which are located three positions away from the empty brush position, are energized, and in the fourth stage, the brushes of the first and second groups are energized. As the third stage continues, the brushes of the first group and the second group, which are located four positions away from the empty brush position, are energized. At each stage of the above sequence of energizing the open armature winding by energizing the stator winding and the first and second stage brush positions, a new stage begins with the previous stage preserved. . Therefore, the configuration of the multi-winding motor is maintained at each energization stage. The deactivation sequence is the reverse of the activation sequence.
That is, four open circuit armature windings are used in the first and second groups.
From the energized state in the group energizing brush position, electrical switches 7 and 8 are opened to energize only the three open circuit armature windings, and the three open circuit armature windings are energized. From the current state, electrical switches 5 and 6 are opened to energize only the two open circuit armature windings, and from the state where the two open circuit armature windings are energized, electrical switches 3 and 4 are opened. open so that only one open circuit armature winding is energized, and finally open electrical switches 1 and 2 to completely de-energize the multi-winding motor. The electromagnetic energy due to interruption of the current in the open circuit armature winding while still away from the brush free position is generated by each brush 13, 14, 21, 22, 27, 2.
8, 33, 34 and the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply 51 by diodes inserted between them. These diodes are indicated at 35-50 in FIG. A diode connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply 51 is connected to this positive terminal via its cathode, and its anode is connected to the brush. DC power supply 51
A diode connected to the negative terminal of is connected to this negative terminal via its anode and its cathode is connected to the brush. A diode pair such as 35 and 36 is called a half-bridge circuit. This electromagnetic energy is recovered in the following manner under the following conditions. Assume that the multi-winding motor of FIG. 1 is operating at a second torque level with two torque generating sets energized as described above.
This occurs when switches 1, 2, 3, and 4 are closed. If the armature 87 moves with the commutator 88 to the left in FIG.
8, 33 and 34 straddle the gap between commutator segments 72-81 and all open circuit armature windings are connected to the load flowing through the stator windings energized by electrical switches 1, 2, 3, 4. The current is received in parallel in some proportion, regardless of the magnitude. As the armature moves further in the same direction, the parallel energizing currents in the two unenergized open armature windings are interrupted at the first and second group brush positions three and four positions offset from the brush empty position; This is because the commutator pieces have moved until the brush no longer straddles the gap between the commutator pieces. This current interruption creates a large strain on the open circuit armature windings at the first and second group brush positions for energizing the two unenergized open circuit armature windings connected to brushes 27, 28, 33 and 34. induces an induced voltage. This voltage is of opposite polarity to the voltage that carries current in the open circuit armature winding, and this voltage of opposite polarity is applied to the connected commutator segments and the brushes 27, 28, 33 and 34 which ride on these commutator segments. Through the diodes inserted between these brushes and the DC power supply terminals, the electromagnetic energy is recovered for storage rather than reuse in a manner similar to that described in the aforementioned International Application. Unenergized open armature winding energized first and second
This method of electromagnetic energy recovery from group brush locations is equally applicable to any stator pole pair multi-winding motor. Given that the above concerns forward torque control, reverse torque control can be achieved by shifting the brush retainer 82 of FIG. 1 by one stator pole spacing and operating the electrical switches in the reverse sequence. It will be done. The reverse torque generation condition is satisfied by shifting the brush retainer 82 to the position shown in FIG. 3 and then to the position shown in FIG. To effect the shift from FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the brush retainer 82 has bearings between it and the structural support 84. This bearing is not shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The brush retainer 82 moves and shifts while maintaining the desired load condition of the brush spring between the brush and commutator bar. Hereinafter, reverse torque control at four torque levels will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1, 4, and 5. The reverse torque generation sequence is performed by setting the brush holder 82 in the position shown in FIG.
Start with 7 and 8 open as shown in Figure 1. In FIG. 1, assuming that the brush retainer 82 is in the position shown in FIG.
1 energizes stator windings 29-30 and 31-32. The stator windings 29-30 and 31-32 are connected to the first and second groups of brushes 33 and 34, respectively, which connect the open armature windings through various commutator bars at various armature positions. Of these, the one shifted by one from brush vacant positions 15 and 16, and the fourth
energizes the armature winding going toward the brush free position in the reverse torque direction giving the armature a rightward movement in the figure. Assuming in FIG. 1 that the brush retainer 82 is in the position shown in FIG. and 25-
26 is excited by the power source 51. Stator winding 23-2
4 and 25-26 are the brushes 2 of the first group and the second group, respectively.
7 and 28, these brushes energize the open armature winding, which is located two positions opposite the direction of torque generation from the brush free position, through various commutator pieces at various armature positions. do. Assuming that the brush retainer is in the position shown in FIG. 1 in FIG. 17-18 and 19-20 are excited by the power source 51.
The stator windings 17-18 and 19-20 lead to the first and second groups of brushes 21 and 22, respectively, which are connected to the brushes by means of different commutator strips at different armature positions. Open-circuit armature windings shifted three positions from the vacant position in the direction opposite to the torque generation direction are energized. Assuming that the brush retainer 82 is in the position shown in FIG. 4 in FIG. 1, the fourth stage of the reverse torque generation sequence continues the third stage of this sequence and closes electric switches 1 and 2 to close the stator windings. 9-10 and 11-12 are excited by the power source 51. The stator windings 9-10 and 11-12 lead to the first and second groups of brushes 13 and 14, respectively, which are separated from the brush vacancy by means of different commutator plates at different armature positions. The open armature windings shifted four positions in the direction opposite to the direction of torque generation are energized. Assuming that the brush retainer 82 is in the position shown in FIG. 4 in FIG. 1, the reverse torque level decreasing sequence is the reverse of the above sequence for increasing the reverse torque level. Torque direction control of a multi-winding motor can be achieved by (1) shifting the brush holder as described above, that is, shifting the brush holder by one to an odd number of times the stator pole spacing, or (2) reversing the winding current. That is, this is done by making the current flowing through the stator windings the opposite of the current flowing through the armature windings. Of the above two methods regarding torque direction switching of a multi-winding electric motor,
A preferred method is to shift the brush retainer along the direction of commutator motion by one to an odd multiple of the stator pole spacing. The winding current reversal method requires a separate switch device to reverse the current and is complex. The brush retainer shifting method requires bearings to shift the brush retainer while maintaining concentric relationship with the rectifier, and also requires flexibility in the electrical connections to the brushes. FIG. 2 shows a push-knob operated cam switch control device with a return spring used for forward torque control of a multi-winding motor such as that shown in FIG. The illustrated control is in a zero torque position, with all electrical switches open and cam 91 positioned to the left against a stop by compression spring 92. If it is desired to increase the forward torque of the multi-winding motor, push knob 90 to move cam 91 to 91 and compress spring 92. The cam 91 has electric switches 1, 2, and 3.
The switches operate in the order of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and when a new switch operates, the switch that was closed first remains closed. Therefore, by gradually pushing the knob 90 to bring the cam 91 into contact with the right stopper, and then gradually releasing the knob 90, the forward torque of the multi-winding motor shown in FIG. 1 can be adjusted to the maximum torque in four stages. torque can be increased to zero torque and decreased to zero torque through the same four stages in reverse order. Note that the torque can also be increased to a level below the maximum torque and decreased from that level. FIG. 5 shows a dual cam switch control that operates a series of electrical switches with two cams 91 and 95, two push knobs for actuating each cam, and two springs for returning each cam. Cam 91 is actuated by knob 90 and returned by spring 92, and cam 95 is actuated by knob 94 and returned by spring 9.
It is restored by 6. Knob 90, cam 91 and spring 92 operate as described above with respect to FIG. 2 to control the forward torque level when brush retainer 82 is in the position shown in FIG. The knob 94, the cam 95 and the spring 96 are the knob 90, the cam 9
1 and spring 92, but these are for reverse torque control. In order to operate knob 94, cam 95 and spring 96 in a multi-winding motor, brush holder 82 must be previously shifted to the position shown in FIG. After doing this, by gradually pushing the knob 94 until the cam 95 hits the left stopper, and then gradually releasing the knob, the reverse torque of the multi-winding motor shown in Fig. 4 can be increased in four stages up to the maximum torque. The torque can be reduced to zero through the same four steps in increasing and reverse order. By operating cam 95 in this manner, the electric switch operates in the reverse order described above to provide reverse torque control. The basic electrical switches required to switch the stages of the torque control sequence of the multi-winding motor of FIG. 1 with two stator poles are, for example, double-pole single-throw (DPST) switches in the form of switches 1 and 2 combined. Please note that. If the multi-winding motor has a stator pole number greater than two, the basic electrical switch required will be of a different configuration. When a multi-winding motor has more than one stator pole pair, the basic electrical switch required for each step of the torque control sequence is a three pole single throw (3PST) switch. A control device for a multi-winding motor having two or more stator pole pairs will be described below. Now, with reference to FIG. 6, a control device for a multi-winding motor having two or more stator pole pairs will be described.
A multi-winding motor with two stator poles does not have the generality of a multi-winding motor with two or more stator pole pairs in explaining the control device. To explain a general multi-winding motor control device, consider a multi-winding motor having two stator pole pairs of the split series stator winding type, as shown in FIG. 6th
The figure shows a multi-winding motor with two stator pole pairs with four stator windings per stator pole pair and five open armature windings per pole pair. This combination is representative of a multi-winding motor having a larger number of stator pole pairs, with a different number of stator windings and armature windings per pole pair. The multi-winding motor of FIG. 6 can be varied from zero torque to maximum torque in eight steps by closing eight three-pole single-throw electrical switches. The poles of these electrical switches are designated 101-124. These electrical switches switch both ends of the split-series stator winding. The reason for switching both ends of the split-series stator windings connected to the DC power supply 51 is to use the electromagnetic energy from the first and second group brush positions for energizing the unenergized open circuit armature windings as a power source. This is to recover the energy through the diode connected to the 51 terminal. This means that all brush positions are connected with diodes, since all brush positions can be deenergized at some torque level in the forward or reverse direction. As mentioned above in a two stator pole multi-winding electric motor, this electromagnetic energy is recovered when the commutator piece leaves the first or second group of brushes while the commutator piece is still away from the brush free position. occurs in In Figure 6, 1
77 to 196 indicate these commutator pieces. Recovery of this electromagnetic energy requires three electrical switch poles. This is because the negative end of a split/series stator winding used in a multi-winding motor with two or more repeatable parts may be located in the same repeatable part as the positive end, or may be located in an adjacent repeatable part. Because there is. In this regard, please refer to the detailed explanation regarding repeatable parts in the above-mentioned international application.
Simply stated, a repeatable section is a one-pole pair machine. In FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 6, two-dot chain lines indicate boundaries of repeatable portions. The repeatable portion includes the stator structural support, the stator yoke, the mechanical energy coupling, the armature, the rectifier, the brush retainer, and the first for unenergized open circuit armature winding energization joined at the electrical terminals. In order to recover electromagnetic energy from the second group of brush positions, it is necessary to insert a constantly reverse biased diode between each brush and each power supply 51 terminal, as described with reference to FIG. These diodes are not shown in FIG. 6 to simplify the drawing. However, the connection point between the diode and the brush is indicated by an unterminated line along the brush-winding connection. The torque changeover switches 101 to 124 in the control device of FIG. 6 are divided into three groups by switch actuators similar to those shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, and operate in eight stages to create eight torque levels. . The multi-winding motor of FIG.
The maximum torque can be varied by approximately 1/8 by energizing or de-energizing it in a sequence of steps. FIG. 6 further shows a stator yoke 217, a structural support 229, a key 230, a brush spring 226,
Spring-loaded brushes 157-172, brush retainer 222, armature 225, teeth 224 thereof, commutator 223, commutator plates 177-196, mechanical energy coupling 227, key 228, and brush cavities 173-176. show. Brush retainer 222 is mechanically attached to a structural support 229 and commutator 223 is attached to a mechanical energy coupling. In FIG. 6, the first step of the eight-step sequence is to close the stator windings 125-126, 103 by closing electric switches 101, 102, and 103.
7-128 and 149-150 are excited. Stator windings 125-126 are connected to the first group of brushes 157, and stator windings 127-128 and 149-
150 are connected to the second group of brushes 161 and 169, respectively. These brushes 157 and 161 or brushes 157 and 169 are shifted by one position in the direction opposite to the torque generation direction from the brush empty positions 175 and 174 or 175 and 176 by passing through various commutator 223 pieces at various armature positions. energizes the open armature winding. In FIG. 1, the torque generation set position could be defined in relation to only two brush vacancies. However, in the case of a general multi-winding motor as shown in Fig. 6, the torque generation set position is three brush vacant positions or two sets of brush vacant positions, that is, one brush vacant position is in the center and the remaining two brush vacant positions.
One brush void is defined in relation to three brush voids located next to it. In Figure 6, the second stage of this eight-step sequence
In this step, stator windings 141-142, 149-150 and 1 are closed by continuing the first step and closing electrical switches 104, 105 and 106.
27-128 is energized. Stator winding 141-1
42 is connected to the first group of brushes 165, and stator windings 149-150 and 127-128 are connected to the second group of brushes 161 and 169, respectively. brush 16
5 and 169 or brushes 165 and 161 can be connected to brush free positions 173 and 176 or 17 by way of various pieces of commutator 223 at various armature positions.
3 and 174, the open armature winding that is shifted by one in the direction opposite to the torque generation direction is energized. In FIG. 6, the third step in this sequence continues the second step and switches on electrical switch 10.
Stator windings 129-130, 131-132 and 151 by closing 7, 108 and 109
-152 is excited. Stator winding 129-130
is connected to the first group of brushes 158 and the stator winding 1
31-132 and 151-152 are connected to the second group of brushes 162 and 170, respectively. The brushes 158 and 162 or 158 and 170 are arranged in open-circuit electric machines two positions away from the brush free positions 175 and 174 or 175 and 176 in the direction opposite to the torque generation direction by means of various commutator 223 pieces at various armature positions. Energize the child winding. In FIG. 6, the fourth stage of this sequence continues the third stage and switches on electrical switch 11.
Stator windings 143-144, 151-152 and 131 by closing 0, 111 and 112
-132 is energized. Stator winding 143-144
are connected to a first group of brushes 166, and stator windings 151-152 and 131-132 are connected to a second group of brushes 170 and 162, respectively. These brushes 166 and 170 or 166 and 162 are arranged in open circuits at various armature positions via various commutator 223 pieces, two positions apart from the brush free positions 173 and 176 or 173 and 174 in the direction opposite to the direction of torque generation. Energize the armature winding. In FIG. 6, the fifth step in this sequence continues the fourth step and switches on electric switch 11.
Stator windings 133-134, 135-136 and 153 by closing 3, 114 and 115
-154 is excited. Stator winding 133-134
is connected to the first group of brushes 159 and stator winding 1
35-136 and 153-154 are connected to the second group of brushes 163 and 171, respectively. These brushes 159 and 163 or 159 and 171 are connected at various armature positions via various commutator 223 pieces to an open circuit three positions away from the brush free positions 175 and 174 or 175 and 176 in the direction opposite to the direction of torque generation. Energize the armature winding. In FIG. 6, the sixth stage of this sequence continues the fifth stage and switches on electric switch 11.
Stator windings 145-146, 153-154 and 135 by closing 6, 117 and 118
-136 is excited. Stator winding 145-146
are connected to the first group of brushes 167, and stator windings 153-154 and 135-136 are connected to the second group of brushes 171 and 163, respectively. These brushes 167 and 171 or 167 and 163 are connected to brush free positions 173 and 176 or 173 and 174 via various commutator 223 pieces at various armature positions.
energizes the open armature windings three positions apart in the direction opposite to the torque generation direction. In FIG. 6, the seventh stage of this sequence continues the sixth stage and switches on electric switch 11.
Stator windings 137-138, 139-140 and 155 by closing 9, 120 and 121
-156 is excited. Stator winding 137-138
is connected to the first group of brushes 160 and stator winding 1
39-140 and 155-156 are connected to the second group of brushes 164 and 172, respectively. These brushes 160 and 164 or 160 and 172 are arranged in open circuits at various armature positions via various commutator 223 pieces, four positions apart from the brush free positions 175 and 174 or 175 and 176 in the direction opposite to the direction of torque generation. Energize the armature winding. In FIG. 6, the eighth stage of this sequence continues the seventh stage and switches on electrical switch 12.
Stator windings 147-148, 155-156 and 139 by closing 2, 123 and 124
-140 is excited. Stator winding 147-148
is connected to the first group of brushes 168 and stator winding 1
55-156 and 139-140 are connected to the second group of brushes 172 and 164, respectively. These brushes 168 and 172 or 168 and 164 are arranged in open circuits at various armature positions via various commutator 223 pieces, four positions apart from the brush free positions 173 and 176 or 173 and 174 in the direction opposite to the direction of torque generation. Energize the armature winding. This completes the eight step energization sequence that achieves the multi-winding motor of FIG. 6 to its maximum torque level. In the electric motor of FIG. 6, the deenergization sequence for reducing the torque from the maximum torque level to zero torque is the reverse of the energization sequence described above. The 8-stage deactivation sequence has stage conditions of 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3,
2. Proceed according to 1. Throughout all and/or de-energization stages, the configuration of the multi-winding motor is maintained in each stage. Reverse torque control of a general multi-winding electric motor represented by the motor shown in FIG. 6 is as follows. It is done in the same way. That is, the brush retainer 222 is shifted by one to an odd number of stator pole spacings and the electric switch is operated in a reverse eight step sequence to energize maximum reverse torque as follows. 1st
switches 124, 123 and 122 in the second stage; switches 121, 120 and 119 in the second stage;
In the third stage, switches 118, 117 and 11
6. In the fourth stage, switches 115, 114 and 1
13. In the fifth stage, switches 112, 111 and 110, in the sixth stage, switches 109, 108 and 107, and in the seventh stage, switches 106, 10
5, and 104, and 103, 102, and 101 in the eighth stage. To reduce the maximum reverse torque generation to zero torque, it is sufficient to simply backtrack through the eight steps described above. Note again that the torque can be increased to or decreased from an intermediate torque level in either the forward or reverse torque generation sequence.