JPH0348894A - Musical tone controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the musical tone control of a bowing musical instrument even by a beginner by providing a pressure sensor on a grip part of a bow body of a movable performing member and giving grip pressure as additional information to a musical tone control element, in an electronic bowing musical instrument. CONSTITUTION:On a grip part of a bow body 40, a grip pressure sensor 135 is provided, and grip pressure of the bow body 40 is also added as additional information to relative motion state detecting information of a musical tone control element based on a relative motion of a string corresponding part and the bow body 40. Accordingly, in accordance with grip pressure, a generated musical tone is varied, and by listening thereto, the grip pressure can be set correctly and even a beginner can execute easily a musical tone control of a bowing musical instrument.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to electronic musical instruments, and in particular to musical tone control of an electronic musical instrument suitable for simulating a bowed string instrument played using a movable performance member such as a bow. 6. Related to Apparatus [Prior Art] Violin, viola, chiekuchi, contrapass, etc. are known as natural instruments that are played using a bow. There are also miniature sizes of each. The following explanation will be given mainly using the violin as an example.

Conventional electric violins omit the body of a natural instrument violin, use a natural instrument bow, stretch the strings of a natural instrument, rub the strings with the bow, pick up the vibrations of the strings, and convert them into electrical signals. There was something that processed the sound and outputted it.

This electric violin is played in the same way as a natural musical instrument, by actually rubbing the strings and first generating sound through the vibrations of the strings.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present inventor proposes an electronic musical instrument that can generate the musical tones of a bowing instrument without actually having to vibrate the strings.

The expression of the musical tone of a slow bowed string instrument, which is a natural instrument, changes in various ways depending on the speed of the bow, the pressure of the bow, etc.

Even in electronic musical instruments that do not involve string vibration, it is desirable that the musical tones be controlled by these parameters in order to simulate the rich musical tones of bowed instruments.

However, for beginners playing the violin, it is difficult to precisely control the pressure applied to the horse's body or strings. In particular, the pressure tends to become unstable when playing at a sales floor where the gripping part and the string rubbing position are far apart.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a musical tone control device having a main body fitted with a string-corresponding part and a movable performance member for playing by being held in the hand of a performer and moved opposite to the string-corresponding part, the movable performance member being a string-corresponding part. It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone control device in which the pressure to be applied to a corresponding part can be inputted by a simpler method and the musical tone changes in accordance with this input.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a musical tone control device of a bowing instrument type that can sufficiently respond to performances by performers with advanced performance skills.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a musical tone control device in which a musical tone changes selectively in response to grip pressure applied to a gripping portion of a movable performance member.

[Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, performance parameters such as bow pressure necessary for generating musical sounds of a bowed instrument can be inputted from the grip of the movable performance member. To facilitate the performance of an electronic musical instrument capable of generating musical tones of a bowed musical instrument.

This makes it easy even for beginners to input the performance parameters necessary to generate the musical tones of the bowed instrument, and it is possible to change the musical tones of the electronic single-bowed musical instrument with rich musicality.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, for example, FIG.
B), with reference to FIGS. 2(A) to (C), and FIG. a movable performance member (40) for performing by moving oppositely to the member; and a relative motion detection means (37) for detecting relative motion between the string corresponding portion and the movable performance member and generating a relative motion mode detection signal. ,65°78
．． 80), a grip pressure sensor (135) that is provided on the grip of the movable performance member and generates a pressure signal corresponding to the pressure of gripping the grip, and a grip pressure sensor (135) that generates a pressure signal corresponding to the pressure of gripping the grip, and a A musical tone control device is provided, which includes a musical tone control means (2) for controlling musical tone elements of a musical tone to be played.

[Operation] The musical sound of a bowed instrument is generated by the vibration of the string, and the characteristic elements that determine the vibration of the string are the length of the string, which specifies the pitch, and the relative movement of the bow that rubs against the string.

The moving speed and pressure of the bow against the strings of a bowing instrument are characteristic factors that determine the musical tone of the bowing instrument.

However, for beginners in violin playing, it is difficult to precisely control the pressure that a movable performance member such as a bow applies to the string-corresponding part. By using this as a parameter for musical sound formation such as bow pressure, it has become easier to control the musical sound of bowed instruments.

[Example 1] Figures 1 (A) and (B) show the basic configuration of an electronic one-bow musical instrument, and Figure 1 (A) shows the overall schematic configuration.

In the input section 1, performance parameters can be entered by the performer through various operations.6 Typically, a movable performance member such as a bow is organically connected to the main body of the instrument, and the performance is performed by moving it relative to the main body of the instrument. Typical examples of various performance parameters include the direction of movement of the bow, the sales area, the position of the bow where the string contacts the bow, the speed of the bow, the pressure of the bow on the string, and the pitch specified on the fingerboard. (pitch) and timbre are indicated. In addition to these, the position of the string where the bow hits,
Parameters such as the angle of the bow may also be provided.

Based on these performance parameters, the musical tone signal forming circuit 2 forms musical tone signals. Although this musical tone signal is a digital signal, it is converted into an analog signal by a D/A converter 3, and is output as a musical tone from a speaker 5 via an amplifier 4.

FIG. 1(B) shows an example of the basic configuration of the main parts of the musical tone signal forming circuit 2 shown in FIG. 1(A).

This is a nonlinear musical tone synthesis circuit modeled on a bowed stringed instrument, and includes a nonlinear function section NLI 1 that approximates the frictional characteristics between the string and the bow, and a delay section Dela that approximates the characteristics of the string.
The delay section and filter section, which approximate the characteristics of a 9-string string, are composed of one y13.18 and one filter section 12.14.Since they are separated from the string point to the bridge and pincushion sides, there are I have a part of it. In the example of FIG. 1(B), the nonlinear part consists of the nonlinear function 11 and the low-pass filter 1.
It is composed of 2. The delay circuit 13 and the low-pass filter 14 approximate the characteristics of the string between the pieces.
The delay circuit 18 and the low-pass filter 19 approximate the characteristics of the string on the pincushion side.

Of course, by changing these characteristics, circuit 13
．． It is also possible to view circuit 14 as the pincushion side and view circuits 18 and 19 as the piece.

As described above, the nonlinear function 11 approximates the frictional characteristics between the string and the bow, and is, for example, a function as shown in FIG. 1(C). Friction characteristics are determined by bow pressure and other factors. Since the maximum static frictional force is large and determines its properties, this nonlinear function is also a function whose size, shape, etc. are controlled by the pressure of the bow.

In the actual operation shown in FIG. 1(B), the output of the nonlinear circuit 11 that approximates the characteristics of the strings of a plucked stringed instrument corresponds to the peg side part of the string and the bridge side part, to the left and right in the figure. 2 shown in
input into one circuit. The circuit corresponding to the pincushion side of the string shown on the left includes a delay circuit 18 and a low-pass filter 19, and corresponds to the operation in which vibrations transmitted through the string are reflected at the fingering position on the fingerboard and returned to the stringing part. The output of the nonlinear circuit 11
to return to. The string bridge side portion shown on the right side also includes a delay circuit 13 and a low-pass filter 14, and its output is fed back to the nonlinear circuit 11 in response to the action of the string vibration being reflected by the bridge and returning to the string rubbing section. do. Another low-pass filter 12 is connected between the input and output of the nonlinear circuit 11, and feedback is applied to control the gain.

The pitch of a musical tone is determined by adjusting the delay time of delay circuits 13 and 18 in accordance with the fingering position on the fingerboard. Further, the speed and pressure of the bow are input to the musical tone signal forming circuit as parameters for musical tone formation.6 For example, the tone color (overtone composition) can be changed by changing the horse string, and the volume and tone can be changed by the pressure.

In this way, the circuit of FIG. 1(B) simulates musical tones produced by the vibrations of the strings of a bowed musical instrument.

The output of the circuit in FIG.
(not shown) and is supplied to the D/A converter 3 of FIG. 1(A).

2(A) to 2(C) show the external appearance of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2(A) shows a side view of the instrument body, and FIG. 2(B) shows the front side of the instrument body. shows.

The main body of the musical instrument has a shape that is almost the same as a violin, which is a natural instrument, but since there is no need to actually make the strings vibrate or resonate, various simplifications may be made. 22 and 0 continuous to the spiral part 21
A fingerboard 23 is provided on the front side of the neck portion 24. A pitch signal that determines the pitch of a note is generated by pressing the fingerboard with your fingers.

Similar to the violin, which is a natural musical instrument, an upper bridge 29 and a bridge 30 are formed at positions that support both ends of the strings, and a string rubbing section 31 to be played with a bow is formed near the bridge 30. A tail piece 32 is provided below the piece 30. In the case of a natural musical instrument, a body 25 serving as a resonator is formed of a front plate 26, side plates 27, and a back plate 28. The body 25 is further provided with a corner 39 and an F half hole 35, similar to a natural musical instrument. Further, a chin rest 34 is provided at a portion that should be placed against the chin.

Portions corresponding to the strings and the resonator may be arbitrarily changed or omitted.

In this way, the bow instrument body 1 is constructed to have almost the same form as the bow instrument body of a natural musical instrument, but the strings are not actually stretched, and the string rubbing section 31 is equipped with a friction member equivalent to the string. is provided. In the vicinity of this string equivalent part 31, an equivalent motion detecting means 3 consisting of a light receiving part, a light emitting part, a reflecting part, etc.
7 is provided to detect the relative movement of the bow.

Figure 2 (C) shows the horse's body, the horse's body 40 is the light part 44
, a forearm portion 46, a grip portion 42, and the like. In the case of natural instruments, the parts that should be covered with hair are not actually covered with hair, but are instead made of plastic or other material.

Figure 3 (A) and (B) show the structure of the ridge.
) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, and FIG. 3(B) is a cross-sectional view.

In the violin, which is a natural musical instrument, four strings are strung on the fingerboard on the front side of the neck, but in the electronic musical instrument according to this embodiment, a pitch specifying means 50 corresponding to the strings is provided. That is, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, four sets of resistance wires 51 buried therein and conductive wires 53 thereon are provided in the fingerboard 23. When the conductive wire 53 is pressed, the conductive wire 53 changes as shown in FIG. 4(A).
It is deformed as shown in FIG. 2 and comes into contact with the resistance wire 51.

A fixed contact member 55 and a movable contact member 5 are provided on the back side of the ridge 24.
A vibrato switch 59 consisting of 7 is provided. 4. FIG. 3(B) shows the structure of the ridge 24 in cross section.

On the fingerboard 23, there are four sets of pitch specifying means 50a, 50b,
50c and 50d are provided in parallel, and each resistor wire 51a, 51b, 51c 51d and conductive wire 5
3a, 53b, 53c, and 53d, and insulating materials 54a, 54b, 54c, and 54d are provided to cover the conductive wires 53a, 53b, 53C, and 53d. The five vibrato switches provided on the lower side of the rod 24 are configured as wide and long switches so that the vibrato switch 59 can be operated with the thumb no matter where on any string the finger is operated. Designed. In addition, the pitch specifying means 50 and the viprato switch 59
, the space between the resistance wire 51 and the conductive wire 53 and between the movable contact member 57 and the fixed contact member 55 is basically hollow. An insulating spacer member is placed in one portion for support when opening.

The pitch specifying means 50 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 4(A), (B), and (C). In FIG. 4(A), when the player operates his finger on the fingerboard 23 and presses the conductive wire 53 corresponding to the string, the conductive wire 53 comes into contact with the resistance member 51 below, and a potential signal is generated at the point of contact. etc. are extracted.

The signal extraction circuit can be configured as shown in FIG. 4(B) or FIG. 4(C), for example. In Figure 4(B),
A resistance wire 51 is connected between a predetermined potential and a ground potential, forming a position-dependent potential distribution. When the conductive wire 53 contacts the resistance wire 51, the potential at the contact point is extracted via a buffer circuit 61 and an analog/digital (A/D) conversion circuit 62 to generate a pitch signal.

FIG. 4(C) shows another embodiment, in which a resistance wire 51 and a conductive wire 53 are connected in series and connected to a resistance value detection circuit 64. When the conductive wire 53 is pressed and the pressed portion contacts the resistance wire 51, the portion of the resistance wire 51 below the contact point is short-circuited, and the resistance value is determined by the portion of the resistance wire 51 above the contact point. A reduced resistance value corresponding to the contact point is input to the resistance value detection circuit 64. On this occasion,
When the wires 51 and 53 are short-circuited at multiple locations, the position closer to 64 is read. Furthermore, a pitch signal is generated based on this resistance value.

Although two circuit formats have been illustrated in which a pitch signal is generated from the position where a finger presses a string-corresponding portion on the fingerboard, other circuit formats are also possible.

FIG. 5(A>, (B), and (C) show examples of the configuration of the Wiprato switch 59. In FIG. 5(A), the ridge part 24
When the lower surface of the switch is pressed with a finger, the movable contact member 57 constituting the movable contact of the switch comes into contact with the fixed contact member 55 constituting the fixed contact. By detecting this contact and generating a vibrato signal, vibrato is added to the generated musical tone.

FIGS. 5(B) and 5(C) show the fixed contact member 55. As shown in FIG. 5B, which shows two circuit forms for detecting contact of the movable contact member 57, the fixed contact member 55° and the movable contact member 57 may be formed of a conductor. When pressed and brought into contact with the fixed contact member 55, the movable contact of the on/off switch contacts the fixed contact, closing the circuit, and the on/off detection circuit 66 detects whether the switch 59 is on or off.
Detect off. Generates a vibrato signal based on detection of on.

FIG. 5(C) shows a circuit that generates a signal indicating the position of the rod pressed by a finger in addition to the on/off signal. [8] The constant contact member is formed of a resistance member 55a, and a predetermined voltage is applied between both ends thereof. The movable contact member is composed of a conductive member 57a'''C, and is pressed against the resistance member 55a to take out the potential of the contact point. 68 to generate an output signal.The output signal includes a signal relating to the on/off of the vibrato and a signal indicating which part of the vibrato switch is being pressed by the thumb.

Since the vibrato switch may actually be a hindrance to those who have learned the vibrato-1 playing technique, the vibrato switch is designed to be releasable.

In this case, the player can apply vibrato by actually moving his fingers on the fingerboard.

Figure 6 (A) schematically shows the performance with the unbowed piece 3.
The string rubbing section 31 is provided with string-equivalent members 71.7273.74 corresponding to the four strings.
A performance is performed by moving the bow 11 by moving the 40 in contact with one of the string-equivalent members.The parameters that determine the generated musical sound include the moving speed of the bow 11, the moving direction, the contact position, etc. In order to obtain information, signal generating means and signal detecting means are provided near the string-equivalent members 71, 72, 73, and 74 of the string-rubbing section 31 and detect the movement of the stringer 40.

There are various methods for detecting the relative movement of the instrument 40 with respect to the main body of the instrument.

The first method is to provide a member that electrically connects the instrument body and the instrument body to form a resonant circuit or the like, and utilize mutual inductance and capacitance between the instrument body and the instrument body. Since a signal can be extracted depending on the degree of coupling between the instrument body and the instrument body, relative movement can be detected. However, in the case of a connection between a pair of members, the detectable range may be narrow or the detection accuracy may be insufficient.

The second detection method is to provide a plurality of elements to be moved and selectively combine them with elements on the main body of the musical instrument.

Examples are shown in FIGS. 6(B), (C), and (D).

In FIG. 6(B), a plurality of light emitting elements 8 are provided in the body 40.
0-i, a light receiving element 78 is provided on the main body of the musical instrument, it detects which light emitting element the light receiving element 78 is receiving light from, and determines which part of the instrument is receiving light. Furthermore, by measuring how many light pulses are incident within a unit time, the moving speed of the object 40 can be determined.

In FIG. 6(C), on the contrary, the case where the main body 40 is equipped with a plurality of light receiving elements 78-1 is shown. Therefore, it is omitted here.

Note that these signals can be exchanged not only by optical signals but also by ultrasonic waves or the like.

In FIG. 6(D), both the light emitting element 80 and the light receiving element 78 are provided on the main body of the musical instrument, and a plurality of reflection patterns 65-
1 reflection pattern 65-1 is formed at a constant period, and nine reflection patterns in which the ratio of black and white patterns changes with the position are shown protruding from the surface. In practice, the light receiving element 78 and the light emitting element 80 may be formed by printing a black and white pattern on a flat surface.
are arranged in a line perpendicular to the page.

Light is emitted from the light emitting element 80 on the musical instrument body onto the reflective pattern 65-1 on the monthly salary 4o, and the reflected light is detected by the light receiving element 78. The bow speed can be measured by detecting the number of pulses of the light reception signal within a unit time, and the contact position of the monthly salary 40 can be measured by detecting the ratio between the high level period and the low level period of the light reception signal. Of course, a bar code may be formed in a black and white pattern on the top to represent positional information, or conversely, a light emitting/receiving element may be provided on the bow and a reflective pattern may be provided on the main body.

FIGS. 7(A) to (D) show examples of monthly salary structures in the cases of FIGS. 6(B) and (C).

FIG. 7(A) shows the appearance of the monthly salary 40 viewed from the stringing surface or sliding surface. A sliding plate 76 is provided on the stringing surface corresponding to the lower surface of bow #40. The sliding plate 76 corresponds to the hair of a natural musical instrument, and is made of a material having a suitable sliding feel, such as plastic.

FIG. 7(B) is a perspective view of only the sliding plate 76 taken out. A plurality of windows 69-1 are formed to expose the plurality of photoelectric elements 78-1 to 80-1. It is desirable that the thickness of this sliding plate is appropriate so that a single photoelectric element 78 does not correspond to a plurality of photoelectric elements 80, that is, only the opposing photoelectric elements 78 and 80 correspond to each other.

FIG. 7(C) shows a longitudinal sectional view of the monthly salary 40.

A printed circuit board 70 is provided on the support member 75, and a plurality of light emitting diodes 8°-i are arranged on the printed circuit board 70. Seven lens portions of the light guiding member face each other in correspondence with the plurality of light emitting diodes 80-1. Light guiding member 7
A plurality of depressions 77-1 are provided on the upper surface of the slide plate 9, and serve as position guides for the sliding plate 76. That is, the light emitted from each light emitting diode 80-I passes through the lens portion of the light guide member 79, and is emitted as separate luminous fluxes from the window 69-1 of the sliding plate 76.

The sliding plate 76 may have a bulging shape 76'' on both sides as shown in FIG.

Although we have described an example in which a plurality of light emitting diodes are arranged in a row, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, a plurality of pairs of light-emitting elements and light-receiving elements may be provided on the rotten wood in correspondence with the multi-windows 69-■, and light may be reflected at the bowed strings.

It is also possible to use a magnetic field instead of light by using a magnet and a coil. Furthermore, instead of transmitting and receiving signals by light, it is also possible to use a proximity switch that utilizes changes in capacitance or inductance, or to use ultrasonic waves as a medium, as described above.

Additionally, any other method capable of detecting movement of the monthly salary 40 may be used.

Figures 8 (A) and (B) show the string rubbing section 3 near the bridge of the instrument body.
Fig. 8 shows an example of the structure of No. 1 (A> is the string rubbing part 31 near the bridge).
A 0 string equivalent member 71° 72, 73, 74 is provided directly above the bridge 30, and a light receiving member 78-1 is formed between the string equivalent parts 72 and 73.

FIG. 8(B) is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the light receiving section, which has a structure in which a light receiving element 78 is embedded between members 72 and 73 corresponding to the fourth string. An infrared filter 47 is placed above the light receiving element 78.
is provided, allowing only infrared rays of a certain wavelength to pass through. A light guiding member 48 made of acrylic resin or the like transmits the infrared rays of a certain wavelength that have passed through the infrared filter 47 further downward. A light receiving element 78 is arranged at a position to receive infrared rays emitted from the light emitting surface of the light guide member 48 . A plurality of such light-receiving structures are arranged along the string-corresponding members 72 and 73 as shown in FIG. Even when the monthly salary 40 rubs the strings 71 or 74 at both ends, the light from the monthly salary 40 can be detected by the central light-receiving element.Of course, four sets of light-receiving elements may be provided corresponding to each string.

In order to detect the horse chain signal and the bow position signal, only one light receiving element is sufficient. In that case, in order to reliably detect the light, it is preferable to make it elongated along the string equivalent member, as shown in Fig. 8 ( A
As shown in >, when multiple devices are lined up, it is possible to detect which part of the string the bow is touching. It is also possible to control the timbre, etc. by changing the string position in response to the performance by a highly skilled person. Further, even if a performer with a low degree of technical proficiency performs without being able to maintain the correct direction of the bow, any of the light receiving elements can detect the light emitted from the monthly salary 40 and generate a musical tone. Furthermore, by detecting the direction of the bow body 40, it is also possible to give an evaluation of the performance to the player.

FIGS. 9(A), (B), and (C) show the horse series detection circuit,
In FIG. 9(A), the horse series detection circuit 85 is configured as shown in FIG. 6(A).
It is formed by receiving light from the horse body 40 having a plurality of light emitting elements 80-1 as shown in B) with a light receiving element 78-1 as shown in FIGS. The input terminal receives the received light signal 81. On the other hand, the high-speed oscillator 82
A counter 83 counts high-speed pulses generated from the counter 83 and sends the count to a latch 84. The light reception signal 81 is sent to flip-flops 86 and 87. The output of the flip-flop 87 is ANDed with the output of the flip-flop 86 via a differentiating circuit 88, and is supplied to the R counter 83. Therefore, with each light reception signal pulse, the counter 83 is reset and starts a new count. The output of flip-flop 87 is also supplied to latch 84 . Then, the latch 84 outputs the count pulse number between the light reception signal pulses. The number of count pulses increases as the bow moves more slowly. The output of the latch 84 is sent to an inverse conversion circuit 89, from which a horse-related signal is output.

FIG. 9(B) is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 9(A). Consider the case where the horse's body is moving at a constant speed. A pulsed light receiving signal 81 is supplied from the light receiving element at regular intervals.

The counter 83 counts high-speed pulses from the high-speed oscillator 82 between adjacent pulses of the light reception signal 81, and when the primary light reception signal pulse that increases the count value is input, the counter 83 is reset and the counter output is set to its maximum value. The value is stored in latch 84.

If the moving speed of the horse body 40 is faster, the interval between the light reception signal pulses becomes shorter, and the latched counter output becomes smaller.

As the moving speed of the horse becomes slower, the interval between the light reception signal pulses becomes longer, and the latched counter output becomes larger.

In this way, the moving speed of the horse body 40 and the latched counter output are in an inversely proportional relationship.

FIG. 9(C) shows the input/output characteristics of the inverse conversion circuit that performs such conversion.The moving speed of the horse is obtained from the counter output latched by the inverse conversion circuit 89 and is supplied as a horse-related signal.

FIG. 10 shows another example of a horse series detection circuit, in which a light reception signal 81 obtained by detecting light from a horse body equipped with a plurality of light emitting elements with a light receiving element on the main body is supplied to an integrating circuit 91. Integrating circuit 9
1 integrates the input signal and forms an output according to the number of pulses. That is, as the horse body 40 moves faster, more pulses are input accordingly, and the output of the integrating circuit 91 increases faster.

The output of the integrating circuit 91 is supplied to a differentiating circuit 92.

The differentiating circuit 92 differentiates the output of the integrating circuit 91, thereby supplying a horse-related signal corresponding to the rate of increase in the number of input pulses. That is, as the horse moves faster, the number of input pulses per unit time increases, the output of the integrating circuit increases faster, and the output from the differentiating circuit 92 increases. Conversely, if the horse's body moves slowly, the increase in the integral circuit 91 will be slow and the output of the differentiator circuit 92 will be small.

FIGS. 11(A), (B), and (C) show an example of a horse series detection circuit using time division.

FIG. 11(A) conceptually shows light emitted from the horse body 40. For example, there are 64 L on the string surface corresponding to the hair on the horse's body 40.
The EDs are embedded and arranged in one dimension. These multiple LEDs are excited in time division, for example, by using a 3.28H2° pulse signal, 64 LEDs are made to emit light one after another, and 65
Next, the process returns to the first LED and causes the 64 LEDs to emit light one after another.

In the figure, the light emission from the LED is indicated by a rectangular pulse, and the light emission LED sequentially moves to the right at time 0. In this way, the continuous pulse is divided into 64 parts, each of the 64 LEDs is caused to emit light one by one, and the LEDs are operated in a time-division manner. Therefore, only one LED emits light at a time, and if you know which part of the bow the light is coming from, you can detect the position of the emitter pulse train and the receiver. By synchronizing with this, it is possible to determine which part of the bow the light was detected.

An example of a circuit for measuring such optical pulses is shown in Figure 11 (
In FIG. 11B, a clock signal CKI having a frequency higher than, for example, 640 Hz, for example, 1 f4 Hz or 3.2 MHz, is supplied to a counter 95 to count the number of pulses. The pulse count is decoded by a decoder 96 to create a signal for the modular 64, which sequentially causes 64 LEDs 80-0 to 80-63 to emit light.

The light reception signals from the plurality of light receiving elements 78-1, 78-2, . . . that timely receive the light emitted from these LEDs are added by an OR circuit 93. The reason for providing a plurality of the light receiving elements is to enable detection of approaching movement of the horse body 40 with a certain degree of width. The light reception signal from the OR circuit 93 and the pulse signal output from the decoder are multiplied by an AND circuit 97-1 corresponding to each light emitting element. That is, when the first LED emits light, if a light reception signal is obtained from any of the light receiving elements, the AND circuit 97-1 supplies the output to the first flip-flop of the flip-flop array 98, and the first LED Detection of light emission is registered. Similarly, when light emission from the nth LED is detected by the light receiving element, the nth flip-flop in the flip-flop array 98 is set.

When any of the light receivers 78-1 receives light at the timing when the LED 80-i is emitting light, the FF 981 is set. At the 0th order timing, the LED 80-(i+1) emits light, and when the light is received, the next FF 98- (i+i) is set. Then, the outputs of the two FFs become "1" and "1", respectively, which is detected by the 2-bit or more detection circuit, and each FF is reset. Therefore, FF98-i and FF98-
(i+1) is reset, but LED80(i+1)
If the light emission continues to be received, FF98-(i+1)
is set again.

Furthermore, as a countermeasure for resetting when no sound is produced, 0.02 to 0.
If the next position signal does not arrive for 3 seconds or more, each FF is reset. That is, the OR of the outputs of all FFs is differentiated by a differentiating circuit, and each FF is
The output is supplied to the reset input of F. A reset is applied when the RMM set time elapses after the Q output of the FF.

In addition, the Q output of the FF is all “0” or “1”.
At this timing, the nine right latch circuits of the 64→6 converter are latched. This is to avoid the effect of a temporary non-detection state occurring even though the bow is being bowed between when the reset signal is input and when it is set.

In this way, it is possible to measure which part of the horse's body 40 is in contact with the string rubbing part 31 (see FIG. 2(A)) at the same time as the light pulse is detected. As shown in Figure 11 (A), 64 L
When the EDs are arranged, the flip-flop row 98 has 6
Four flip-flops will be lined up. Depending on which part of the horse's body 40 is in contact with the string rubbing section 31, an output signal is supplied from the corresponding flip-flop. This 64-bit parallel signal is converted into a 6-bit signal by a conversion circuit 99 and is supplied to the subsequent stage as a parallel 6-bit signal 101. Further, the counter output 100 is similarly supplied to the subsequent stage.

FIG. 11(C) shows a circuit connected after FIG. 11(B). A 6-bit parallel signal 101 indicating a contact point of the horse body 40 is applied to a delay means 102, and a comparator 103. , are also applied to the latches 106-1 and 106-2, and are also output as position information as is. The delay means 102 receives the counter output 100 and applies a delay of one pulse. Delay output 10 of this delay means 102
1a and the original position signal 101 are compared in a comparison circuit 103. If the signal 101a before the first pulse corresponds to a smaller number corresponding to the tip of the bow, the bow is moving upward. Conversely, if the signal 101a one pulse before corresponds to a large-numbered LED close to the era name, and the subsequent pulse corresponds to a small-numbered LED close to the original bow, the bow is moving downward. In this way, the moving direction of the bow is identified and the upward direction signal UP or downward direction signal DN is output. In response to these direction signals, the flip-flop 104 becomes "1" when moving upward and "0" when moving downward.
" direction signal 105 is output.

Note that if a key-on KON signal is required depending on the circuit used, the output UP and DN of the comparison circuit 103 may be ORed and this output may be used as the KON signal.

On the other hand, the high frequency signal CKI of, for example, 3.2 MHz is frequency-divided by a frequency divider 114 to produce a signal CK2 of a low frequency of, for example, lOH2. A signal CK2 is supplied to latch 106-1. A complementary signal C,2 to CK2 is also generated. A signal obtained by applying a one-pulse delay to CK2 and CK2 is formed by delay means 115, and is supplied to latch 106-2. Therefore, the identification circuit 107 which receives and receives the bow position signal 101 via the launches 106-1 and 106-2 inputs the current information and the information from a predetermined time ago. Therefore, if we take the difference between the two inputs A and B, the monthly salary will be 4 for a given period of time.
You can see how far you have moved. If necessary, this movable cover with a monthly salary of 40 is identified in 16 stages, and an output is supplied to one of the 16 output lines. Also, the amount of movement is increased to 64
The conversion circuit 108 that receives the 16 output lines converts the 16-bit signal into a 4-bit binary signal.
It is converted into a bit parallel signal and output as 10 horse-related signals. The ten horse signals are also supplied to a conversion table 110, and by referring to the table, the tone signal 111 is
Create. The conversion table 110 may have other inputs. In this way, signals such as the direction of movement of the bow, the position of the bow, the string of horses, and the tone color can be obtained from the circuits shown in FIGS. 11(B) and 11(C). .

FIG. 12 shows another example of the tone signal. In FIG. 11(C), the tone signal is generated based on the Horse Federation signal 109.
In the circuit shown in FIG. 12, position information is further taken into account to generate a tone signal. That is, upon receiving the bow position signal 101, the conversion table 116 converts the position information so that, for example, a medium bow takes a high value and a basic bow and era name take a low value, and this signal and the position information shown in FIG. A primary timbre signal 111 formed based on various horse-related signals is input to an arithmetic circuit 117, and the arithmetic circuit 117 performs calculations such as addition and multiplication to form a secondary timbre signal 118.

The musical tone of slow-field instruments such as violins also changes depending on the pressure of the bow. In order to generate musical tones with rich musicality similar to those of natural instruments, it is preferable to use bow pressure information.To detect bow pressure, basically It is preferable to detect the stress caused by the bow.

FIGS. 13(A) and 13(B) show an example of a bow pressure detection device,
In FIG. 13(A), a string-equivalent member 71 of the string rubbing section 31
．． 72.73.74 has a semiconductor strain sensor 121.122.123.124 embedded near its root. The sliding plate 76, which is the hair equivalent of a monthly salary of 40, is the string equivalent part 71.
．． r any of 72, 73, 74! When J is rubbed, the string-corresponding parts 71, 72, 73, and 74 are deformed, and the semiconductor strain sensors 121, 122, 123, and 124 detect this deformation.

In FIG. 13(B), semiconductor strain sensors 121 to 1
The output detected by 24 is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter 126 to form a bow pressure signal.

The semiconductor strain sensor described herein may be a semiconductor piezo element using piezo resistance, for example, and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-11
It is also possible to use conductive powder dispersed in an insulator such as silicone rubber as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model No. 6229, or a pressure-sensitive portion may be provided in the channel portion as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-47820. Alternatively, a FET type distortion detection integrated circuit or the like may be used.

Figures 14 (A), (B), and (C) show examples of mounting pressure sensors. A notch 130 is provided nearby, and a strain sensor 131 is provided in the narrowed portion.

In FIG. 14(B), notches 130a and 130b
are provided at both ends, and strain sensors 131a and 131b are provided in the narrowed portions in the vicinity of each, so that a signal obtained by adding the outputs from the two sensors is obtained.

In FIG. 14(C), the method of supporting the string has been changed, and the string is supported at both left and right ends in the figure. Therefore, when the string-equivalent member is rubbed with the monthly salary, the center portion of the string-equivalent member deforms so as to sway from side to side in the figure. The strain sensor 131 is located at a large part of this deformation.
This is provided.

Although several examples of strain sensor mounting have been shown above, the present invention is not limited to these, and any detection method may be used as long as the force can be detected by the impact of the bow.

Further, instead of detecting pressure, it may be possible to detect displacement in the pressure direction.

As described above, by obtaining pitch information based on the pressed position on the fingerboard, and obtaining the horse chain signal, bow position signal, and bow pressure from the movement of the bow, the basic parameters of musical tone formation as a slow field instrument can be obtained.

Furthermore, by providing a vibrato switch in the Shinto, even beginners can easily perform the musical tone formation peculiar to slow-range instruments such as violins.

Since this vibrato switch is different from the method of playing a natural musical instrument, it is preferable to make it releasable for experienced players.

Furthermore, it is difficult for beginners to play the violin to precisely control the pressure that the monthly salary applies to the strings.

In the case of era names, the distance between the string and the grip that holds the bow also increases. If the musical tones generated in response to bow pressure are controlled, a musical performance that is rich in musicality will become dull. Here, electronic musical instruments can electrically perform various functions that are not found in natural musical instruments.
The bow pressure signal can also be generated by grasping the bow pressure input means of the grip.

FIG. 15 shows an example in which the gripping portion of the monthly salary 40 is provided with a pressure sensor 135. When the player grips the grip pressure sensor 135, the sensor detects the pressure, which is used as bow pressure to form musical sounds.

Although an example has been described in which the bow pressure is input from the grip pressure sensor of the grip part, other information may also be input from this grip pressure sensor, for example, it can be used to add a vibrato effect. This sensor can be used to perform various functions such as not only vibrato, but also tenuto, staccato, and pizzicato.

It may be difficult to input pressure information from the bow's grip pressure sensor. In such cases, the grip pressure sensor also cancels its operation and sets a constant bow pressure to generate musical sounds. For example, it can be used to add a bow pressure effect or a vibrato effect. This sensor is not limited to vibrato, but can also be used to perform various functions such as tenuto, staccato, and pizzicato.

In FIG. 16, a pressure sensor and a plurality of switches are provided on the grip part of the monthly salary 40, and are used as a bow pressure input means and a rendition style switching switch. Several types of bow pressure changeover switches may be provided so that the bow pressure to be set can be selected, and any number of switches may be provided. When inputting bow pressure using the pressure sensor of the string rubbing section or the grip pressure sensor of the grip section, these bow pressure selection sensors are canceled. At this time, you may use these as other switches.Of course, you may increase the number of switches and each switch may have a separate function.The playing style selection switch can be used to select various playing styles such as viprato, tremolo, tenuto, staccato, etc. Provide assistance.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a bow pressure/horseback conversion circuit using a rendition style changeover switch. One of the plurality of conversion modes prepared in the converter 140 is selected based on the rendition style information input from the rendition style changeover switch. Bow pressure information, horse series information, etc. are applied to the converter 140, and based on these information, bow pressure information, horse series information, etc. that have undergone predetermined conversion according to one selected conversion mode are supplied.

By the way, equal temperament is widely used in electronic keyboard instruments so that they can be easily modulated. However, for example, you may choose between just intonation and equal temperament, or depending on the piece, you may need to transpose the key, or
There are cases where you want the first or second string to have a different tonality.

There are various difficulties in achieving this with electronic keyboard instruments, but in this case, this kind of thing can be done.

For example, a tuning volume is provided for each string in a peg that does not require physically tensioning the strings.

If this tuning is always applied, tuning becomes troublesome. Therefore, the tuning function can be canceled. For example, a reset switch is provided, and when reset, the tuning returns to the original 5th intervals. However, since the basic pitch has a range of several cents, it is recommended to have a selection switch from 435Hz to 445Hz.For tuning with other instruments, it is recommended to have a function that moves all four strings in parallel at the same time. Furthermore, in order to accommodate the above-mentioned playing style, a transposition switch may be provided, for example, in the part of the pincushion 22 shown in FIGS. 2(A) and 2(B).

FIG. 18 shows a transposing circuit provided with a transposing switch.The feature of this circuit is that it allows any tonality or temperament to be selected.

The two-man power selector 146-1 for the first string selects either multi-bit input SA or multi-bit input SB according to whether the signal at the select signal terminal is "0" or "1" and supplies it to the output. . Input SA is the fingerboard section 148-1 for the first string.
Receives output from .

Input SB is 0 multiplier 1 which receives the output of multiplier 150-1.
50-1 is a preset RAM L that is an output from the fingerboard section 148-1 for the first string and a transposition or pitch adjuster.
49-1 and outputs the product.

The circuits for the 2nd string, 3rd string, and 4th string include a preset RAM 149-2.149-3.149-4 and a multiplier 1.
Another 2 between 50-2.150-3.1504
A manual selector 152-1.152-2.152-3 is provided. This two-man power selector 152-1.152
-2.1523 is the output of preset RAM149-1 is preset RAM149-2.149-3,149-4
Select one of the outputs of multiplier 150-2,1
50±3.150-4.

Selection of these selectors is performed by mode selection switch 145. The mode selection switch 145 includes three fixed contacts A, B, and C.

Among these, the contact A shown at the top is in a floating state.

First, when the mode selection switch 145 is set to contact A, the select signal terminals of each selector 146-1, 146-2, etc. receive "0", and the pitch shown in FIGS. The first string fingerboard section 148-1, the second string fingerboard section 148-2, . . . corresponding to the specifying means 148-n selects the multi-bit output SA. That is, the fourth
A resistance value or voltage determined by the position of the resistive member 51 pressed by the finger as shown in FIG. 5(A) is output. This resistance value or voltage output pattern is tuned to equal temperament, for example.

Next, when the mode selection switch 145 is set to contact B shown in the middle row, each selector 146-1, 146-2,...
The signal “1°” is input to the select signal terminal of ・, and multiple bits SB are selected.
For B, coarsely adjust the pitch with the transpose or pitch adjuster 149-1, and use the digital switch type volume 22-I.
Pitch capture data with fine adjustment of pitch with V and fingerboard section 14
A signal obtained by multiplying the output of 8-1 by multiplier 150-1 is applied.

The selector 152-1.152-2.152-3 receives "0P" at the select signal terminal and selects the input SC (i.e., the output of the preset RAM 149-1). Therefore,
The multiplier 150-2.150-3.1'50-4 outputs the product of the output of the fingerboard section 148-2.1483.148-4 and the output of the preset RAM 149-1 to the selector 146-2.
．． 146-3.Supplies input SB of 146-4.

When the mode selection switch 145 is set to contact C, a prohibition gate signal is first sent to the bidirectional prohibition gates 147-1, 147-2, . . . to prohibit signal transport. Also,
"1" is supplied to the select signal terminal of the two-manpower selector 152-1.152-2.152-3, and the input SD is selected. That is, preset RAM 149 for each string.
Multiplier 1 to which the outputs of 2.149-3.149-4 correspond
50-2.150-3.150-4.

When one or more of the switches 5W21.5W22, . . . are turned on, the corresponding selector 146-1.14
1' is input to the select signal terminal of 6-2,...
Input SB is selected. That is, 1, fingerboard portion 148-1
．． 148-2, . . . and the preset RAM 149-1.14-2, . . . for that string. In this way, the pitch can be set independently for each string.

In this way, contact point A can be set to equal temperament, contact point B can be set to so-called transposition of a cosine shift, and contact point C can be set to any tuning independent of each string.

In addition, just intonation, Pythagorean intonation, Neidhardt intonation, 4.3.2. The pitch of the open string of the 1st string (G, D, A, B
), (A, D, A, E), and other tunings can also be set.

In this way, for example, the transposition switch provided in the peg,
By adjusting the transposition volume, you can change the pitch similar to a natural instrument and transpose with a single touch.

In addition to the information described above, the slow field information may include other information such as the distance from the bow piece and the bounce of the bow.

For example, slow field information based on an optical signal and bow motion information based on a proximity switch may be used together.

Above, we have explained the case where the performance is performed according to the external shape of a bowed instrument, but in addition to the musical tones of the instrument played using a bow, it is also possible to generate the musical tones of other instruments. By changing the mode and hitting the strings with the bow or moving the bow relative to the bridge, it is also possible to generate musical sounds as a rhythm instrument or the like. For example, musical tones such as bongos, tom-tams, gongs, gongs, and timpani may be generated. For example, bow speed information may be stored as touch information and timbre information, or touch information may be left to the pressure sensor of the bow grip or string-equivalent member, and horse string information may be used. may be input as timbre information.

As shown in Figure 19, era name 44 and era name 46 with a monthly salary of 40
The position information may be made to correspond to the striking position of the sounding body such as the drum skin, for example, the radial distance from the center of the drum to the edge, etc., to control the timbre parameters.

In the case of a waveform memory type percussion tone generation circuit as shown in FIG. 20, the waveform of only the attack portion may be selectively switched.

In addition, when there is a movement direction such as a by-butt cymbal, the movement direction information of the bow can be made to correspond to the selection of the waveform memory, for example. 6 For example, read out the address HHO where the by-butt cymbal goes up in the upward direction UP. , the address HHC that falls below the bibutt cymbal with the downward movement DN of the bow.
It is also possible to switch memory areas and read out data. In this case, the upper bits of the memory may be selected using the UP/DN bits.

Pitch information may be fixed for each string, or in the case of rhythm instruments such as tom-toms that have several pitches, the pitch may be selected using fingers on the fingerboard. It is not necessarily necessary to move the monthly salary while keeping it in contact with the string-corresponding part, but it is sufficient to obtain some kind of input signal by relatively moving the monthly salary in the vicinity of the string-corresponding part.

Although the embodiments have been described above, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these examples, and that various changes, modifications, combinations, etc. can be made.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, a grip pressure sensor is provided in the grip part of a movable performance member such as a bow, and it is possible to provide additional information based on the grip pressure. To easily enable advanced performance as a bowed instrument.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1(A), 1(B), and 1(C) show the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1(A) is a block diagram showing the overall schematic configuration, and FIG. 1(B) 1 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a musical tone signal forming circuit, FIG. 1 (C) is a graph showing an example of a nonlinear function, and FIG. 2 (A>, (B), (C) is a
1 is a diagram showing the appearance of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 2 (A> is a side view of the instrument body, Figure 2 (B) is a front view of the instrument body, Figure 2 (C) is a side view of the monthly salary, Figure 3 (A),
(B) is a diagram showing Shinto, Figure 3 (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the neck, Figure 3 (B) is a cross-sectional view of the neck, Figures 4 (A), (B), 4(C) is a diagram showing the pitch specifying means of the fingerboard, FIG. 4(A) is a partial sectional view of the fingerboard, FIG. 4(B) is a circuit diagram of circuit configuration No. ) is the circuit diagram of circuit configuration part 2, Figure 5 (A), (B), (C
) shows a Vibrato switch, Figure 5 (A) is a cross-sectional diagram of Shinto, Figure 5 (B) is a circuit diagram of circuit configuration 1, and Figure 5 (C) is a circuit diagram of circuit configuration 2. Figure 6 (A
), (B), <C), and (D) are diagrams explaining the performance by slow field, and Figure 6 (A> is a schematic explanatory diagram of the horse body and pieces;
Figures 6(B), (C), and CD> are schematic diagrams showing three examples of relative motion detection of the horse's body with respect to the instrument body; Figures 7(A), (B), (C), and ( D) is a diagram for explaining the horse's body; FIG. 7(A) is an external view of the horse's body as seen from the stringing surface, FIG. 7(B) is a perspective view of the sliding board, and FIG. (
C) is a longitudinal sectional view of the horse's body, FIG. 7(D) is a cross sectional view of a modified example of the sliding plate, and FIGS. Figure (A) is an external view of the string rubbing part, Figure 8 (B)
9 is a cross-sectional view of the light receiving part, FIGS. 9(A), 9(B), and 9(C) are diagrams showing an example of a horse racing detection circuit, FIG. 9<A, ) is a block circuit diagram, and FIG. ) is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation, and Figure 9 (C
) is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics between the input and output of the conversion circuit, Figure 10 is a block circuit diagram showing another example of the horse race detection circuit, and Figures 11 (A), (B), and (C) are the horse race detection circuit. FIG. 11(A) is a schematic diagram of a horse body for explaining time-division light emission, and FIG. 11(B) is a block circuit diagram showing the front part of the optical pulse measurement circuit. , Figure 11 (C
) is a block circuit diagram showing the latter part of the optical pulse measurement circuit, FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the tone signal circuit, and FIG.
Figures (A> and (B>) are diagrams for explaining the bow pressure detection device. Figure 13 (A) is a cross-sectional view of the string-equivalent member, and Figure 13 (B) is a block circuit of the bow pressure signal circuit. Figures 14(A), 14(B), and 14(C) are diagrams for explaining the mounting of the pressure sensor, and are perspective views showing three different mounting methods. Figure 15 is a diagram for explaining the grip pressure sensor. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a horse's body to explain the rendition style selection switch, Figure 17 is a circuit diagram showing the bow pressure and horse connection signal conversion circuit by the rendition style selection switch, and Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the horse's body to explain the rendition style selection switch. Block circuit diagram showing an example of a transposition circuit, No. 19
The figure is a schematic diagram for explaining the percussion instrument mode, and FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the waveform memory type percussion instrument. In the figure, 1 2 3 4 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Input section Musical tone signal forming circuit D/A converter A1 Speaker Nonlinear circuit Low-pass filter delay circuit Low-pass filter delay circuit Low-pass filter Instrument body Spiral section Pincushion section Finger Itajinto body front plate side plate 8 29 0 1 2 4 5 7 9 4゜ 2 4 6 7 8 0 1 3 4 back plate upper piece string part tail piece chinrest 1 hole light receiving part (or light emitting part or Reflector) Corner Monthly Salary Grip Part Era Part Arch Part Infrared Filter Light Guide Member Pitch Specifying Means Resistance Wire 51a to 51d Conductive Wire 53a to 53d Insulator 5 5a 7 7a 9 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9-1 0 71 72 73 74 5 6 7 8 9 Fixed contact member Resistance member Movable contact member Conductive member Vibrato switch buffer circuit A/D conversion circuit Resistance value detection circuit Reflection pattern On/off detection circuit Buffer circuit A/D converter window print Board string equivalent part support member sliding plate recessed light receiving element light guiding member 0 1 2 3 4 5 86.87 8 9 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 00 01 101 a 02 light emitting element light receiving signal high speed oscillator counter latch horse chain detection circuit flip flop Differential circuit inverse conversion time! ? lr (ROM) Integrating circuit Differentiating circuit Counter decoder AND circuit Flip-flow 11 column conversion circuit Counter output 6-bit signal (position signal) Delay output Delay means 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 121.122, 123. 124 26 30 131.131a, 131b 35 36 Comparator RS flip-frog Directional signal latch identification circuit Conversion circuit Horse chain signal conversion table Tone signal frequency divider Delay means conversion table Operation circuit Secondary tone signal distortion sensor A/D converter Notch distortion Sensor grip pressure sensor rendition style selection switch 140 Converter selection switch 46 Transposition circuit 47-=Prohibited gate 48 Pitch information transposition offset data table 0 Multiplier pitch designation means 52 Converter

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A main body including a string-equivalent portion; a movable performance member that a player holds in his/her hand and moves in opposition to the string-equivalent portion of the main body to perform; the string-equivalent portion and the movable performance member; a relative movement detection means for detecting the relative movement of the movable performance member and generating a relative movement mode detection signal; and a grip pressure sensor provided on the grip of the movable performance member and generating a pressure signal corresponding to the pressure of gripping the grip. A musical tone control device comprising: a musical tone control means for controlling musical tone elements of a musical tone generated based on the relative movement mode detection signal and the pressure signal.