JPH03500567A - Regulator for fuel injection pumps in engines, especially diesel engines - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] engine especially diesel engine Adjustment device for fuel injection pump The invention relates to a regulating device for a fuel injection pump of an engine, especially a diesel engine. Regarding.

Regulators are used to stabilize engines, especially diesel engines with fuel injection pumps. Due to excessive idling (idling), maximum speed (rotational speed) limitation, momentary Required for load and engine power adjustment and automatic start-up surplus setting It is something. The need for a control device depends on the characteristics of the engine and fuel injection pump. justified. Without a regulator or control, the fuel injection pump Sends a suction volume corresponding to the rack position set by the accelerator pedal, regardless of resulting in the engine running dangerously overspeed or slowing down under increasing load. Excessive injection as a result of reduced speeds causes uneconomical and fuming operation. Sometimes it happens.

Adjustment devices include weight type, pneumatic or vacuum type, and hydraulic type adjustment devices. They are classified according to their operating principle.

Provides initial suction volume for starting and idle speed by adjusting suction volume It is a common feature of all known regulating devices to maintain a constant value. simultaneous When the maximum speed (rpm) is reached, the suction volume is reduced and the engine Overspeeding is prevented and fuel supply is finally stopped completely by the engine brake. It will be done.

In general, known regulators allow changing the intake volume without interfering with external control. It is connected to the rack so that it can be For this purpose, the regulator box There is a shaft embedded in the case. It is rotatably connected to the outer suction amount changing unit through a rod. Department partially connected to the rack and partially connected to the output of the regulating device and rotated with external intervention. The control arm is embedded on a camshaft that is eccentrically machined onto the rotating shaft. It's included. Due to the double rotation function of the control arm, the adjustment device is fulfills its role regardless of its position.

The simplest regulating device is a regulating weight type. rotated according to engine speed The deflection of the governor weight is transmitted by a lever to a linearly movable rack. stationary In the case of an engine, this rack is compressed by a spring to full intake. starting After that, the engine speed is increased until the regulating weight overcomes the spring force and begins to adjust the suction volume. speed up As a result, the suction volume is determined by the equilibrium between the engine speed and the suction volume. decreases until Although this regulating weight type adjustment device is widely used, , more maintenance and attention as numerous parts are exposed to wear Requires. If this is not done, it will cause serious damage to the engine. You must be prepared for excessive speed. Another drawback is the ability to adjust the rack. It depends on the characteristics of the spring that is set to the full suction volume, and therefore the auxiliary spring within the adjustment range. The reason is that ne is needed.

Diesel engines use a pneumatic regulator to reduce the negative pressure created in the intake manifold. Vine adjusted by. The possibility for pneumatic control is that the pressure of the incoming air towards increasing flow velocity in the air manifold, i.e. towards increasing engine speed. (In other words, this means that negative pressure develops.) taste).

Assembly of the pneumatic regulator is extremely simple. In case of Kono, rack for setting suction amount A diaphragm (membrane) that closes the end face of a sealed container fixed to the injection pump is connected to.

The sealed container is in contact with the engine's intake manifold, thus Depending on the negative pressure within the manifold) a differential pressure develops on the surface of the diaphragm. this difference The pressure becomes higher as the speed increases. In stationary engines, sealed The spring inside the container pushes this diaphragm outward, so that the rack Always move in the direction of full inhalation. The position of the rack while the engine is running is It is determined by the balance between the force applied to the diaphragm and the spring force. Therefore, the final The spring prestress that determines the control is determined by the differential pressure when maximum engine speed is reached. must be set so that the force generated by the spring is in equilibrium with the prestress of the spring. do not have. Therefore, after reaching maximum engine speed, the compression force of the support springs gradually decreases. Pull the yaphram and adjacent rack back toward full suction, meaning final control is complete. Complete.

If the fuel injection pump has a pneumatic regulator, the gas pedal rod Cannot be interconnected with racks. This is because in such a configuration, the accelerator pedal This is because control may be obstructed from the outside by the Therefore, something like this For control, the access pedal is a slot located within the inlet cross-section of the intake manifold. Connected to the throttle valve. The negative pressure that develops in the intake manifold is It can be varied independently of speed by opening and closing the throttle valve. In other words , by selectively varying the force applied to the diaslam at any inhaled volume. can be used.

Pneumatic or negative pressure regulators have the major advantages of simple structure and low cost. have However, this is because the diaphragm failure is irreversible in the engine. The disadvantage is that it can lead to excessive speed and failure.

Recently, highly reliable hydraulic regulators have become very popular. here The control is performed by oil pressure that changes depending on the speed. Hydraulic is gear port produced by a pump or vane pump. Generally, engine fuel, diesel Oil is used as a conditioning medium. When the engine accelerates, the gear pump slows down. This causes more fuel to be delivered from the cylinder to the pressure compensation control piston. Ru. The fuel flows through the bore into the space behind the control piston, then another In the space in front of the piston connected to the rack of the fuel injection pump belonging to the cylinder of enter. The piston moves under the pressure of the medium, during which it moves the rack in the direction of the maximum suction volume. make it move. The amount of medium pumped by the gear pump increases proportionally to the engine speed. Due to this increase, the fluid resistance also increases in the bore and as a result the medium on the control piston The pressure also increases in direct proportion.

The rising pressure counteracts the spring force prestressed by the access pedal. to move the control piston. At the point of movement the control piston is connected to the rack Close the duct towards the space in front of the piston and at the same time close the outlet of the same space and the piston. Open the duct that carries the medium to the space behind. At this point, the piston is Move the rack in the open direction. Meanwhile, the oil pressure is compensated on both sides of the control piston. , the compression force of the spring prestressed by the accelerator pedal is controlled by the piston. Push back to its initial position again. This action places a prestress on the control piston. Continue until the applied spring compression force and the engine speed-dependent medium pressure are equal. It will be done. Furthermore, the final control is that once the pressure value matches a constant engine speed, This is carried out by opening the medium outlet valve.

Hydraulic regulators are much more complex than any other known regulators; Moreover, small adjustment devices or auxiliary pistons require extremely precise processing technology and adjustment. Ru. Manufacture and installation of control valves, as well as assembly and installation of springs for applying prestress to control valves. Installation and installation are possible by single-function machines. However, the additional cost is absolute Reliability is rewarded.

A common drawback of the above-mentioned regulators is that their activities are The point is that it is limited to only This causes the load to reduce engine speed. When the accelerator pedal is pressed down, excess fuel is injected into the engine. In addition to wasting fuel, this results in exhaust gases polluting the environment. Ras. Another common disadvantage is that in the event of a failure, loss of control and engine speeds up excessively, and other means must be used to prevent this. It is in.

These drawbacks are that control is extended over the entire engine speed range and Hungarian patent application specification such that an optimum amount of fuel corresponding to the amount of fuel is always injected It is removed by a hydraulic adjustment device as described in document No. H1119459g.

Moreover, it prevents the engine from overspeeding under all circumstances and prevents the engine from overspeeding. Improve economical operation, road safety and service life of motor vehicles by preventing excessive speeds. do. The Hungarian patent application cited here provides a constant engine speed placed in the delivery duct with a pump delivering the amount of fuel through an electrically controlled electromagnetic tapping valve using a control mechanism that detects Controlled by injecting fuel into the cylinder and thus releasing fuel as needed A regulating device is described in which this is carried out.

The present invention - By extending control over the entire speed range, the maximum inject the correct amount of fuel; - prevent harmful overspeed of the engine under any circumstances; Prevent - Engine fuel such as to prevent overshooting of the prescribed engine speed. The aim is to realize a regulating device for injection pumps.

The purpose of the invention is to take into account the existing physical characteristics and environment of the engine and the demands Optimal fuel quantity control for existing load and speed and minimal maintenance Using an inexpensive regulating device that only requires The object of the present invention is to eliminate all the drawbacks of other fuel injection pump regulating devices.

Therefore, the present invention provides a sensor for detecting the speed of the driven shaft and a mechanically limited movement. Engines with controlled racks, especially diesel engine fuel injection pumps. The present invention relates to an adjustment device for pumping.

A key feature of the invention is that the driven shaft receives an electrical signal from a sensor that detects shaft speed. connected to the rotor of a closed circuit generator whose excitation is controlled through the control unit by the and its fixation rotatably mounted against the force storage unit. The child is mechanically connected to the rack.

In the present invention, the control unit includes physical characteristics of the engine and/or its surrounding environment. There are additional sensors that detect the Advantageously, it is excited by.

It is further advantageous if the stator or rotor of the generator is connected to ground.

Finally, the generator according to the invention is self-excited, and the control unit connects the self-excited circuit with electricity. advantageously connected.

The invention relates to a shaft mechanically connected to a rack as part of a fuel injection pump. Primarily diesel engine fuel injection pumps, such as fixed swirl regulators. electromechanical regulation device for the external control device. Alternatively, the rack can be applied to the spring through the limiter regardless of the position of the accelerator pedal. It can be moved.

Basically, the present invention applies to any DC dynamo or generator that drives the rotor. the stator will also move in the same direction under the action of the electromagnetic force. Based on.

The possibility of such movement is reduced if the stator is supported in bearings on the shaft of the fuel injection pump. on the basis that it can move (under the action of electromagnetic force) . The strength of electromagnetic force is defined as the amount of voltage necessary for a predetermined operation due to the electromagnetic force. regulated by the electronic control unit so that the

The advantages of the regulating device according to the invention are that the knee speed and torque are: Adjusted over the entire engine speed range.

- Continuously at any predetermined engine speed even under variable engine speeds But it can be maintained.

-Speed and torque are synchronized between multiple engines.

- Final control of speed is secure.

- In the event of any failure, harmful overspeeding of the engine is prevented.

A vehicle is prevented from exceeding a predetermined speed.

- Analog control eliminates engine speed pulsations.

- Controls can be expanded and further developed according to existing demands.

For example, various sensors (overheat sensor, excess air sensor, outside pressure sensor ) to correct the fuel injection speed in the positive or negative direction as necessary. Can be done.

The smoke effect of one engine is significantly reduced. This is further reduced by increasing the engine speed, so that the engine operates at its most demanding. Comparable to the values specified in the standard.

- The engine operates in an advantageous manner with respect to environmental protection and air pollution.

- Can be retrofitted onto any existing pump.

A regulating device according to the present invention can be mass-produced at low cost.

Finally, the adjusting device according to the invention has no parts exposed to wear and therefore is easy to maintain. No maintenance required.

The present invention will be explained in detail below by way of example using a schematic diagram of an adjustment device based on it. be done.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the drive shaft (1) of the pump (not shown) is It is mechanically connected to the engine crankshaft (also not shown). pump drive The driving shaft (1) forms a single unit with the shaft of the squirrel cage rotor (2) of the DC generator. has been completed. The generator stator (4) including the iron core (3) and the excitation coil (31) is , force conservation unit in the example) (41) In other words, the pullback spring (pullback spring) rotatably mounted on the bearing (42) of the shaft of the rotor (2) against the It's included. The stator (4) of the generator is - an eccentrically mounted hinged rotor; through the rod (43) and rotatably embedded around the pin (44). The three-pronged stopper part rotates freely through the tipping arm (45). It is connected.

The vertically moving rack (6) is guided into the forked part of the stopper part (46). It can be done. After the two-prong stopper part (46), an adjustable limiter (47) It is fixed to the rack (6). This rack (6) is rotatably mounted on the eccentric bin. The O that is connected to one end of the hinged two-arm eccentric arm (61) A hinged rod (62) whose free end is supported by a compression spring (63) is , is connected to the other end of the eccentric arm (61). Rondo with hinge ( 64) is connected to an arm firmly fixed to the eccentric shaft of the eccentric arm (61). The other end of the shaft (66) is centered against the spring (65). It is hinged to an accelerator pedal (67) that rotates at the center. Controller unit (5) is located beside or in the stator (4) of the generator. control Unit (5) includes engine speed, engine physical characteristics (engine, oil, coolant temperature) as well as the physical characteristics of the engine's surrounding environment (air temperature, air pressure). sensors, as well as circuits that process and evaluate their electrical signals, reference circuits, and controls. It consists of a power supply unit that supplies power to the circuit and control unit.

In this example, the speed sensor (51) is a magnetic sensor located on the shaft (1). A signal transmitter and a coil that detects the pulses generated from the rotation of the shaft (1). has been completed. This sensor is electrically connected to the processing evaluation circuit of the control unit (5). It is connected to the. The received electrical signal is passed through a reference circuit, in this example a The signal is transmitted to the control circuit through the wave number monitoring circuit. Finally, the control circuit The amount of current flowing through the coil (31) is adjusted to correspond to the velocity present. Adjustment device is inactive when the engine is inactive. Generator stator ( 4) is under the action of the force conserving unit 7) (41) (the return spring in this example). in rest position. In this case, the two-pronged stopper part (46) is connected to the limiter (47). hitting, regardless of how much the gas pedal (67) is pressed down. Keep the rack (6) in the closed position (intake fully closed). In this position, the accelerator pedal The lever (67) is pushed down against the return spring (65) and then eccentrically The rod (64) can be moved by rotating the fixed shirt (66). let The rack (6) with its limiter (47) has two prongs)-/bar parts (46) In order to strike the eccentric arm ° (61) can rotate only on the eccentric bottle. Thus, this eccentric arm (61) passes through the rod (62) to the rack (6). Compress the spring (63) without movement.

Voltage is applied to the control unit (5) by turning the ignition key. Next engine and drive shaft (1) and rotation by switching on the starter to Child (2) begins to rotate. At this point, the excitation coil (31) is connected to the control unit (5). ) receives a predetermined voltage through the rotor (2) and under this action, the rotor (2) and The electromagnetic force that develops between the iron core (3) or the exciting coil (31) surrounding it is fixed. (4) as a force conservation unit) (41), that is, a constant force against the return spring. Force an angular displacement. The stator (4) is connected to the rod (43) in proportion to the angular displacement. forward, and in this way the tipping (chipping) arm is centered around the bin (44). (45) and thereby the two-pronged stopper part (46) moves toward the maximum suction amount. Moving. The rack (6) is fixed by pressing down on the accelerator pedal (67). It moves towards the maximum suction amount in proportion to the angular displacement of the constant (4).

After starting the engine, the gas pedal (67) is loosened to its normal position . The control unit (5) controls the engine to a defined constant value under any circumstances. maintain the standard speed of [through speed sensor (5)]. This position is located on the control unit ( 5) is ensured by the built-in frequency monitoring and voltage control circuit, and the actual Control pulses are transmitted to this by the speed sensor (51) depending on the engine speed. sent.

In this way, each engine receives as much suction as is necessary for smokeless combustion of the injected fuel. given in terms of speed. “Smoke Limits” are subject to various types of characteristic specification requirements. This is determined empirically.

Furthermore, the control unit according to the invention provides frequency detection within a range below the smoke limit. required for the circuit to maintain a constant speed (in relation to the actual engine load). This makes it possible to inject as much fuel as necessary.

Fuel is released by loosening the accelerator pedal (67) in a car traveling downhill. If injection is stopped, the electromagnetic regulator also ensures that the decreasing engine speed is at normal speed. Stop fuel injection until . The injection starts automatically at standard speed and This prevents the engine from stalling.

If engine braking is used, fuel injection is activated by releasing the accelerator pedal (67). At that point, the frequency detection of the control unit (5) The knowledge circuit oscillates (through a flip-flop circuit) to the standard speed monitoring position and Then, the power supply to the excitation coil (31), that is, the excitation of the generator is stopped. at this point The tension of the return spring is inside the generator stator (4) and bottle (44). Rotate around the center and press the two-pronged stopper part (46) against the limiter (47). Pull back the tilting arm (45) and rod (43) to their normal position, thus releasing the latch. (6) is pulled back to the suction fully closed state.

If the engine speed exceeds the standard speed, the frequency sensing circuit of the control unit (5) will be activated. The flip-flop circuit swings to the maximum speed monitoring position. predetermined maximum Once the engine speed is reached, it is stabilized by the control unit (5) and Prevents the speed from increasing any further under certain circumstances.

The adjustment device according to the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but the adjustment device according to the invention It is also possible to implement it with different circuits or in other shapes within the protection range of be.

Procedural amendment (formality) November 7, 1990

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Sensors that detect the speed of the driven shaft and sensors whose movement is mechanically restricted. Fuel injection in engines, especially diesel engines, with sir-controlled racks In the regulating device for the pump, the driven shaft (1) is connected to the electric current of the speed sensor (51) The rotation of the closed circuit generator whose excitation is controlled through the control unit (5) by the air signal connected to the trochanter (2) and rotatable relative to the force storage unit (41); The stator (4) installed in the form is mechanically connected to the rack (6). An adjustment device characterized by. 2. The control unit (5) includes physical characteristics of the engine and/or its surrounding environment. The generator is equipped with additional sensors that detect The adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that it is excited by a signal of Device. 3. Make sure that the stator (4) or rotor (2) of the generator is connected to ground. An adjusting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. The generator is self-excited, and the control unit (5) is electrically connected to the self-excited circuit. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Adjustment device included.