JPH03500598A - Entrapment prevention device - Google Patents
Entrapment prevention deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03500598A JPH03500598A JP1502894A JP50289489A JPH03500598A JP H03500598 A JPH03500598 A JP H03500598A JP 1502894 A JP1502894 A JP 1502894A JP 50289489 A JP50289489 A JP 50289489A JP H03500598 A JPH03500598 A JP H03500598A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- capacitance
- evaluation circuit
- electrodes
- fixed potential
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/965—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
- H03K17/975—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a capacitive movable element
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
- E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
- E05F15/46—Detection using safety edges responsive to changes in electrical capacitance
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/55—Windows
Landscapes
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。 (57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は容量性の送信プレートを備えた窓及びドアの挟み込まれ防止装置に関す る。送信プレートは、可変電圧を供給する交流電源の一方の極に接続されており 、交流電源は固定電位を有する他方の極、例えばアースに接続されている。送信 プレートは電極として機能し、固定電位にあって導電し第2の電極を形成する部 品に対し絶縁して設置されており、そこに(bei deIIl)中間電極が備 わっており、この中間電極は、送信プレートにより形成された電極に、必要な場 合に増幅器を介して接続されており、固定電位に接続され第2の電極を形成する 部品に対し絶縁して設置されており、その際、容量の変化に応答する評価回路が 備わっている。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a window and door anti-trap device with a capacitive transmitter plate. Ru. The transmitter plate is connected to one pole of an alternating current power source that provides a variable voltage. , the alternating current source is connected to the other pole with a fixed potential, e.g. earth. send The plate functions as an electrode and has a part at a fixed potential that conducts electricity and forms a second electrode. It is installed insulated from the product, and is equipped with an intermediate electrode (bei de IIl). This intermediate electrode is connected to the electrode formed by the transmitter plate where necessary. connected via an amplifier and connected to a fixed potential to form a second electrode. It is installed insulated from the components, and an evaluation circuit that responds to changes in capacitance is installed. Equipped.
このような防止装置は、例えば西独公開公報第2453439号により公知であ る。この公知の解決法の場合、互いに電気的に接続された電極は一定の相互の間 隔に保たれている。Such a prevention device is known, for example, from DE 2453439 A1. Ru. In this known solution, the electrodes that are electrically connected to each other have a certain distance between each other. kept separate.
更に、交流電圧で印加された電極と中間電極との基本的に少なくとも2組の対を 備えていなければならない公知の場合に、評価回路は、電極対の各々が固定電位 で印加された電極に対して有する容量の差に応答する。従って、公知の場合の評 価回路は、電極対のアース電極に対する容量の非対称に応答する。Furthermore, essentially at least two pairs of electrodes and intermediate electrodes to which an alternating voltage is applied are provided. In the known case, the evaluation circuit has to be provided with each electrode pair at a fixed potential. responds to the difference in capacitance it has with respect to the applied electrodes. Therefore, evaluation in case of public knowledge The valence circuit responds to the asymmetry in the capacitance of the electrode pair relative to the ground electrode.
しかし、この場合、こうした解決法が室内でのみ使用可能であって、例えば、車 両の電動の窓用の挟み込まれ防止装置としては不適当であるという欠点がある。However, in this case, such solutions can only be used indoors, e.g. The drawback is that it is unsuitable as an anti-pinch device for both electrically operated windows.
例えば、2組の電極対の領域で汚れが異なっていることにより、非対称が生じて 、エラー遮断となり得る。特に雨の場合、こういうことが起こることを心配しな ければならない。何故ならば、2組の電極対の領域が、特に、相応の弊害(Ve rwirbelungeq)が生じるような走行中に、全く異なって濡れろこと があるからである。弊害の場合に、例えば窓が開いた時に評価回路が自動的に調 整するための回路を設置しても成功しない。何故ならば、状況が直ぐに変化する ことがあり、従って、窓が閉鎖する間に、雨によって不均等に濡れることにより 非対称が生じ、この非対称により評価回路が応答し、窓の駆動が停止することが ある。For example, asymmetry may occur due to different contamination in the areas of two electrode pairs. , which may result in an error cutoff. Don't worry about this happening, especially when it rains. Must be. This is because the area of the two electrode pairs is particularly susceptible to corresponding adverse effects (Ve If you get wet in a completely different way while driving, which may result in This is because there is. In the event of a problem, the evaluation circuit automatically adjusts when a window opens, for example. Even if you install a circuit to correct the problem, it will not be successful. Because the situation changes quickly Therefore, while the windows are closed, they may become unevenly wetted by rain. An asymmetry occurs, and this asymmetry causes the evaluation circuit to respond and stop driving the window. be.
更に、オーストリア特許公報第364796号により挟み込まれ防止装置は公知 である。この挾み込まれ防止装置の場合も、振動回路に接続され且つ共通のアー ス電極と協働する2つの電極が設けられている。この解決法でも、評価回路はア ース電極に対する2つの電極の容量の非対称に応答するので、この解決法でも、 前述の場合と同様の問題が生じる。Furthermore, a pinch prevention device is known from Austrian Patent Publication No. 364,796. It is. In the case of this anti-entanglement device, it is also connected to the vibration circuit and connected to a common ground. Two electrodes are provided which cooperate with the ground electrode. With this solution, the evaluation circuit also This solution also responds to the asymmetry of the capacitance of the two electrodes with respect to the ground electrode. A similar problem arises as in the previous case.
更に、これらの解決法の場合、通常2つの電極装置が必要であり、これにより、 相応にコストのかかる電気機械式の構造が必要である、という欠点が生じる。そ の上、これにより、手段が接近する障害物に反応しない箇所も生じる。このこと は特に手段の対称点に該当し、そして、複雑な幾何学的形状を有する互いに接近 する部品、例えば車両の窓の場合、評価回路の調整についての問題が生じる。何 故ならば、こうした形状では、信号が、部品同士が離れると共に、非直線的に変 化するからである。Furthermore, these solutions usually require two electrode arrangements, which The disadvantage is that a correspondingly expensive electromechanical construction is required. So Additionally, this also results in locations where the means do not react to approaching obstacles. this thing applies especially to the points of symmetry of the means, and which are close to each other with complex geometries. In the case of components such as vehicle windows, problems arise regarding the adjustment of the evaluation circuit. what Therefore, in such a shape, the signal changes non-linearly as the parts move away from each other. This is because it becomes
本発明の目的は、こうした欠点を回避し、冒頭に述べた種類の挟み込まれ防止装 置を提案することである。この挾み込まれ防止装置は汚染及び湿気に強く、戸外 及び車両での使用にも適している。The object of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks and to provide an anti-trap device of the type mentioned at the outset. The purpose is to propose a new location. This anti-entanglement device is resistant to pollution and moisture, and is suitable for outdoor use. and suitable for use in vehicles.
このことは、本発明の基づき、変化する電位にある2つの電極が互いに相対的に 移動可能であり、評価回路が、固定電位に接続された電極の、同相の交流電圧信 号で印加された他の2つの電極に対する容量変化にのみ応答することにより達成 される。This means that, in accordance with the present invention, two electrodes at varying potentials can be moved relative to each other. movable and the evaluation circuit receives an in-phase alternating voltage signal of the electrodes connected to a fixed potential. Achieved by responding only to capacitance changes to the other two electrodes applied at the be done.
こうした措置により、汚染とか湿気のような環境の影響が2つの電極に同様に作 用し、例えば汚染により引き起こされた2つの電極間のみの容量変化が、評価回 路の出力信号に影響を及ぼさないことが保証されている。このことにより、本発 明の解決法は、例えば電動のウィンドリフタ(Fen5terhe−ber ) を監視するため、車両にも用いられ得る。These measures ensure that environmental influences, such as contamination or moisture, are created equally on the two electrodes. For example, if the capacitance change only between two electrodes caused by contamination is It is guaranteed not to affect the output signal of the path. As a result, the main A clear solution is, for example, an electric wind lifter (Fenterhe-ber). It can also be used in vehicles to monitor
本発明の他の特徴に基づき、一方の電極が非反転増幅器、好ましくは演算増幅器 を介して中間電極に接続されていることが意図されている。According to another feature of the invention, one electrode is a non-inverting amplifier, preferably an operational amplifier. is intended to be connected to the intermediate electrode via.
増幅器の低インピーダンス出力端は、例えば汚れ及び湿気による、特に塩水によ る容量性又は無誘導負荷に強い。このことにより、増幅器の入力端への影響が著 しく回避される。The low-impedance output of the amplifier is susceptible to damage, e.g. from dirt and moisture, especially salt water. resistant to capacitive or non-inductive loads. This has a significant effect on the input end of the amplifier. This is avoided.
更に、このことにより、例えば車両窓のフレーム及びガラスの、輪郭の形状が、 挾み込まれ防止装置の機能に対し顕著な影響を有しないことが保証されている。Furthermore, this allows the contour shape of, for example, the frame and glass of a vehicle window to be It is guaranteed that there is no significant influence on the functionality of the anti-entanglement device.
構造的な観点において非常に簡単な解決法が生じるのは、評価回路が交流電圧源 に一体的に組み込まれており、交流電圧源の周波数の変化で評価がなされ、これ により、回路技術のコストがわずかに保たれる場合である。A very simple solution from a structural point of view arises if the evaluation circuit is connected to an alternating voltage source. It is integrated into the This is the case when the cost of circuit technology is kept small.
この関連で、更に、交流電圧源が、抵抗と容量とを有するシュミット・トリガゲ ートにより形成されており、容量が送信プレートと中間電極との容量により形成 されていることが、意図されている。In this connection, it is further provided that the alternating voltage source is a Schmitt trigger device having a resistance and a capacitance. The capacitance is formed by the capacitance between the transmitting plate and the intermediate electrode. What is meant is what is meant.
このことにより、従来の一体的に組み込まれた部品より実現され得る特に簡単な 構造が生じる。This makes it possible to achieve particularly simple Structure arises.
本発明を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings.
第1図及び第2図は、本発明の挾み込まれ防止装置の実施例を夫々図及び断面図 で概略的に示す。Figures 1 and 2 are a diagram and a sectional view, respectively, of an embodiment of the pinching prevention device of the present invention. This is shown schematically in
本発明に基づく車両窓用の挟み込まれ防止装置の図示した実施例の場合、窓8の フレームは、電極1として用いられる導電層を有する。この層は、アース3とし て接続されたその他の車体に対し絶縁して設けられている。この電極1は評価回 路6の出力端に直接に接続されている。評価回路は、交流電圧信号を出力する発 生器を有する。In the illustrated embodiment of the anti-trap device for vehicle windows according to the invention, the window 8 The frame has a conductive layer used as an electrode 1. This layer is called Earth 3. It is provided insulated from other vehicle bodies connected to it. This electrode 1 is directly connected to the output of line 6. The evaluation circuit is a generator that outputs an AC voltage signal. Has live organs.
電極1を有する枠部分側の窓ガラス8の端面に、他の電極2がアース3に対し絶 縁して設けられており、アースは増幅器7を介して電極1並びに評価回路6の出 力端に接続されており、評価回路の発生器はアース3に接続されている。従って 、2つの電極1及び2の間にある空間5は保護されており、その際、2つの電極 1及び2は相対的に移動可能である。On the end face of the window glass 8 on the side of the frame having the electrode 1, the other electrode 2 is isolated from the ground 3. The ground is connected to the electrode 1 and the output of the evaluation circuit 6 via the amplifier 7. The generator of the evaluation circuit is connected to ground 3. Therefore , the space 5 between the two electrodes 1 and 2 is protected; 1 and 2 are relatively movable.
2つの電極は、必ずしも必要という訳でない増幅器7を介して、同一の周波数と 位相関係とを有する信号が印加される。The two electrodes are connected to the same frequency via an amplifier 7, which is not necessarily necessary. A signal having a phase relationship is applied.
基本的には、2つの電極1,2の相互交換も可能である。In principle, it is also possible to interchange the two electrodes 1, 2.
即ち、電極2も評価回路に直接的に接続され、電極1は増幅器を介して評価回路 に接続されているだろう。That is, electrode 2 is also connected directly to the evaluation circuit, and electrode 1 is connected to the evaluation circuit via an amplifier. would be connected to.
増幅器7の出力端に同様に接続され得る補助中間電極1゜を電極1の領域で電極 1とアース3とから絶縁して備える可能性も、第2図で鎖線で示されている。An auxiliary intermediate electrode 1°, which can also be connected to the output of the amplifier 7, is connected in the region of electrode 1. 1 and earth 3 is also shown in dashed lines in FIG.
2つの電極1,2の間に障害物4、例えば手がなくて窓8を閉じる時、アース3 に対する電極1の容量は変化しない。If there is an obstacle 4 between the two electrodes 1 and 2, for example when closing the window 8 without hands, the earth 3 The capacitance of electrode 1 with respect to is unchanged.
アースは、第2図から見て取れるように、発生器として作用するシュミット・ト リガSの容量Cとして作用する。従って、評価回路6の出力信号も変化しない。The ground is connected to a Schmidt torque generator, which acts as a generator, as can be seen in Figure 2. It acts as the capacitance C of Riga S. Therefore, the output signal of the evaluation circuit 6 also does not change.
出力信号は、例えば窓8が矢印9の方向に移動するのを中断するため、図示しな い安全回路に送られる。The output signal is not shown, for example to interrupt the movement of the window 8 in the direction of the arrow 9. is sent to a safety circuit.
しかし、電極1,2の間の空間5に、障害物4、例えば手が侵入すると、アース 3に対する電極1の容量、従って又評価回路6のシュミット・トリガSの容量も 変化する。このことにより、出力端6′から発する評価回路の出力信号の、周波 数は変化する。出力信号は相応に別個に評価され得る。However, if an obstacle 4, such as a hand, enters the space 5 between the electrodes 1 and 2, the earth 3 and therefore also the capacitance of the Schmitt trigger S of the evaluation circuit 6. Change. As a result, the frequency of the output signal of the evaluation circuit originating from the output terminal 6' is The numbers change. The output signals can be evaluated separately accordingly.
第2図から見て取れるように、シュミット・トリガSは抵抗Rと電線で繋がれて おり、増幅器7は演算増幅器SFにより形成されている。As can be seen from Figure 2, the Schmitt trigger S is connected to the resistor R by an electric wire. The amplifier 7 is formed by an operational amplifier SF.
電極1,2の汚染やこれらの電極の間への浸水は、これらの電極の間に支配的で ある容量の変化をもたらすが、出力端6′で評価回路の出力信号が変化すること にはならない。何故ならば、このことは、既に述べたように、アース3に対する 電極1の容量が変化する場合のみ、変化するがらである。Contamination of electrodes 1 and 2 and water intrusion between these electrodes are dominant between these electrodes. This results in a certain capacitance change, but the output signal of the evaluation circuit changes at the output terminal 6'. It won't be. This is because, as already mentioned, this applies to Earth 3. It only changes when the capacitance of the electrode 1 changes.
国際調査報告 国際調査報告international search report international search report
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0073288A AT391913B (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1988-03-18 | PINCH PROTECTION FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS |
| AT732/88 | 1988-03-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03500598A true JPH03500598A (en) | 1991-02-07 |
Family
ID=3498347
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1502894A Pending JPH03500598A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1989-03-14 | Entrapment prevention device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0359797A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03500598A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT391913B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989008952A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8049518B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2011-11-01 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Capacitive sensor system |
| US8436628B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2013-05-07 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Door position sensor |
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| DE4004353A1 (en) * | 1990-02-13 | 1991-08-14 | Brose Fahrzeugteile | Finger protection for motorised sliding roof or window in vehicle - using microprocessor operating on signals from detectors of wing drive position and approach of moving wing |
| US5074073A (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1991-12-24 | Zwebner Ascher Z | Car door safety device |
| US5955854A (en) | 1992-09-29 | 1999-09-21 | Prospects Corporation | Power driven venting of a vehicle |
| US6157024A (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2000-12-05 | Prospects, Corp. | Method and apparatus for improving the performance of an aperture monitoring system |
| US6305123B1 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2001-10-23 | Meritor Light Vehicle Systems, Llc | Obstruction sensing a signal transmitted across window |
| US6693273B1 (en) | 2000-05-02 | 2004-02-17 | Prospects, Corp. | Method and apparatus for monitoring a powered vent opening with a multifaceted sensor system |
| US6337549B1 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2002-01-08 | Anthony Gerald Bledin | Capacitive anti finger trap proximity sensor |
| AU2001278339A1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2002-02-18 | Atoma International Corp. | Vehicle closure anti-pinch assembly having a non-contact sensor |
| US9051769B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2015-06-09 | Uusi, Llc | Vehicle assembly having a capacitive sensor |
| US11634937B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2023-04-25 | Uusi, Llc | Vehicle assembly having a capacitive sensor |
| US9845629B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2017-12-19 | Uusi, Llc | Vehicle keyless entry assembly having capacitance sensor operative for detecting objects |
| US10954709B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2021-03-23 | Uusi, Llc | Vehicle assembly having a capacitive sensor |
| US9705494B2 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2017-07-11 | Uusi, Llc | Vehicle assemblies having fascia panels with capacitance sensors operative for detecting proximal objects |
| US9199608B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2015-12-01 | Uusi, Llc | Keyless entry assembly having capacitance sensor operative for detecting objects |
| US12320180B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2025-06-03 | Uusi, Llc | Vehicle assembly having a capacitive sensor |
| US10017977B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2018-07-10 | Uusi, Llc | Keyless entry assembly having capacitance sensor operative for detecting objects |
| US9575481B2 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2017-02-21 | Uusi, Llc | Fascia panel assembly having capacitance sensor operative for detecting objects |
| USD1073985S1 (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2025-05-06 | Uusi, Llc | Sensor weather seal |
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| DE2719955C2 (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1982-12-02 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg | Field sensor for recognizing people or objects, especially in front of sliding elevator doors |
| DE3509507A1 (en) * | 1984-03-17 | 1985-09-19 | Sartorius GmbH, 3400 Göttingen | Circuit arrangement for a differential-capacitor-type measurement pick up |
| GB8426010D0 (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1984-11-21 | Memco Med Ltd | Automatic control |
| DE3516162A1 (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1985-10-31 | Haberland, Rüdiger, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 6750 Kaiserslautern | Evaluating electronics for differential capacitors for use in sensors |
| DE3521004A1 (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Control arrangement for an electric-motor drive |
| DE3527405A1 (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-02-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for preventing persons from being jammed in motively closable apertures in motor vehicles |
| FI74930C (en) * | 1986-05-26 | 1988-04-11 | Kone Oy | SAEKERHETSSYSTEM FOER HISSDOERR. |
-
1988
- 1988-03-18 AT AT0073288A patent/AT391913B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-03-14 JP JP1502894A patent/JPH03500598A/en active Pending
- 1989-03-14 EP EP89903023A patent/EP0359797A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-03-14 WO PCT/AT1989/000028 patent/WO1989008952A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8049518B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2011-11-01 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Capacitive sensor system |
| US8436628B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2013-05-07 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Door position sensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT391913B (en) | 1990-12-27 |
| ATA73288A (en) | 1990-06-15 |
| WO1989008952A1 (en) | 1989-09-21 |
| EP0359797A1 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
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