JPH03501368A - Locking rod and device for holding tool holders - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Locking rod and device for holding tool holders [Background of the invention] The present invention provides a locking rod for releasably locking a tool holder to a tool support member; Regarding the locking mechanism. The present invention specifically uses locking balls to attach the tool holder to the tool support. This invention relates to a locking rod and a locking mechanism that are held in a material.

The above locking rod and locking BM ++, 7 are used to connect the tool holder to the tool support member. Rigidly fix the locking machine 4j to minimize movement and vibration of both parts during metal cutting. It is used for cutting and shaping workpieces when it is necessary to do so.

Most of the prior art has been successful in this regard, e.g. U.S. Patent No. 34+18653, U.S. Patent No. 111cCray et al., 4135418.1leaton et al. Patent No. 41EI7771 and U.S. Patent No. 43 of Fr1edllne Examples include 5O411i3. The above-mentioned tool supports the shaft of the tool holder. A spherical locking element was used to hold it in the bore of the retaining member.

In some prior art designs, two ramps on a reciprocating locking rod Two spherical locking elements are pushed out in a releasable manner and abut against the shaft of the tool holder. It looked like it was going to happen.

However, improved tool holders, which can provide higher rigidity during metal cutting operations, There is always a need to provide tool support members and locking members; widest possible combination of tool holder, tool support and locking element in one assembly It can be used for a range of different machining operations, allowing for a given cut in m-cuts. To obtain a surface finish that is accurate and at a given depth and feed rate. It is desired to do so.

[Summary of the invention] The inventor has developed an improved locking rod that uses a locking rod to hold a tool holder. Invented it. In the design of the locking rod of the present invention, one of the locking rods of the prior art Instead of an inclined surface, a groove extending parallel to the direction of the reciprocating locking rod is used. There is. The locking rod of the present invention has two opposite inclined surfaces inclined at equal angles. This is a significant departure from the prior art designs used. Odor of the present invention In order to create a predetermined internal angle between the groove and the sloped surface, an equal angle is created between the two sloped surfaces. The locking stroke is short when compared to a two-slope design that provides a new internal angle. It gives a mechanical action effect.

In the design of the present invention, a rod is provided having a first end and an opposing second end; The first end and the second end are connected via one side surface. The rods are parallel to each other on their sides. The first and second recesses are circumferentially separated from each other, thereby locking the lock in the unlocked position. It is designed to accept elements. The inclined surface with the cylindrical surface of the recess is the side of the rod. formed in the surface, connected to the first recess, and extending from the first recess in a first direction; Preferably, therefore, it opens rearwardly from the longitudinal axis of the rod at an angle not exceeding 20 degrees. A groove is formed, continuous with the second recess and extending in a first direction parallel to the centerline of the rod. It extends from this second recess. Lock the shaft of the tool holder into the bore of the tool support member. When locking, push out the locking element so that i;lj of the locking rod and the inclined surface butt. Hold it further radially outward.

Preferably, the locking rod is used in the device for holding the shank of the hollow tool holder. Ru. This kj 6 intersects the front-facing surface and this forward-facing surface, and from this point backward and includes a bore for receiving the tubular shaft of the tool holder. lock lock The stub member is disposed within the bore of the tool support member and is capable of receiving the tubular shaft. kept inside. The stub has a passage inside, and a locking rod is inserted into the passage. , are loosely engaged to allow reciprocating movement. The stub members are arranged circumferentially with respect to each other. 9 separated from each other and intersecting a passageway extending radially from the bore wall and containing a locking rod; There is further a first and a second opening opening. The first and second openings are connected to the first and second openings. Two locking elements are each arranged. The sloped surface and the groove of the locking rod are the first and second a first direction of movement of the locking rod within the passageway; The locking element moves from the shoulder and is supported in the locked position. After locking, the locking rod moves in the opposite direction. , the force holding the locking element on the tool holder shaft is released and the locking element is The tool holder can be removed by pulling it into each opening.

[Brief explanation of drawings] The above and other ideas of the invention will be explained in the following detailed description of the invention together with the drawings. This is even more revealing. As a drawing, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one preferred embodiment of a tool holder for use with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view, partially in section, of an embodiment of the locking rod and device of the present invention; .

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the radius of the tool holder shaft shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the tip of the locking rod shown in FIG. 2;

[Detailed explanation of the invention] FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a tool holder 10 for use in the present invention.

The tool holder 10 has a tip 121. The shaft portion 14 connected to this tip, these tips 12 and It has an abutment surface 16 that faces the rear of the shaft portion 14.

The tip 12 is conventional in nature and includes conventional shims and indexable cutting inserts. A conventional tool holder for receiving tools and locking pins (not shown) is located in pocket 1. 8.

The rearward abutting surface 16 is located at the front of the tool support member to which the tool holder 10 is attached. It is designed to butt against the facing surface. The rear facing abutting surface 16 is It is preferably flat in nature, preferably flat perpendicular to the longitudinal symmetry axis of the shaft portion 14. It defines the surface. As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft portion 14 preferably has a tool holder. 10, preferably machined from a single steel workpiece. Manufactured. However, the shaft portion 14 and the tip 12 of the tool holder 10 are separate parts. It may also be mechanically joined later, in which case the rearward butt If the baffle surface 16 is a part of either the tip 12 or the shaft part 14, good. This allows one shaft to be used at different tool holder tips and other locations. Can be used for tool components.

The shaft 14 is at least partially, preferably entirely, tubular in nature. It is. The surface of the shaft portion 14 may be divided into two parts. first part 19, what does the first rotation plane 20 around the vertical symmetry axis do? This rotating surface 20 has a radius It faces outward and tapers inward toward the rear. Illustrated in Figure 1 As shown in FIG.

The second portion 21 connected to the M1 portion of the shaft portion 14 at the rear has a tubular property. It is something that you have. This second portion 21 is located behind and inward of the first rotating surface. The second rotating surface 22 is rotated. The second surface of rotation 22 is preferably the same as the first surface of rotation 2 It is coaxial with 0 and has a cylindrical shape.

The second portion 21 of the shaft portion 21 is provided with first and second openings 24 . this opening 24 are preferably circumferentially spaced from each other by an angle of 180 degrees. This first and a second opening 24 extending inwardly and forwardly from the inner surface 28 of the shaft. It has first and second abutting concave surfaces 26, respectively. For large diameter shafts , three or four circumferentially spaced apertures 24 . These spaces Lot 30.32 is a keyway for receiving a key within the bore of the tool support member. It is designed to play the role of In addition, a slot is provided at the rear end of the tubular shaft. You can change the location, size, and number of this slot by The visibility of the portion of the shaft behind the opening can then be controlled. As shown in Figure 1 In the punched aperture embodiment, the cutting tool receiver has a slot in line with the pocket 18. Only 30 is used as a keyway to non-rotatably hold the tool holder. and to that extent, the width (W) of the slot 30 is such that the key can be slidably fitted therein. The width of the slot 32 is slightly larger than the width of the slot 30. (e.g., 0.010 inch larger). This configuration allows the tubular shaft to is a tool support member with two keys for the right-hand tool holder and the left-hand tool holder. (i.e. the cutting tool port on the left or right side of the tool holder) etc.), it has yet another effect.

Referring now to FIG. 2, according to the invention, the tool holder 10 is The tool support member 34 is elastically attached (i.e., locked) to the tool support member 34.

These locking elements 36 are preferably two spheres (i.e. balls), with stubs 42 by means of a locking rod 38 non-rotatably inserted into the longitudinal cylindrical passage 40. 1 aperture 24. Locking element 36, locking rod 38 and The stubs 42 are combined to form a locking mechanism. Locking rod as shown The diameter of 38 is smaller in length than the diameter of directional passage 40, and the locking rod is in the locked state. C is automatically aligned. The locking rod 38 has a concave cylindrical shape. has a butting slope 44 and i:Q 46, and the locking rod 38 is pulled by these. When extracted and held rearward, the sphere 36 passes outward through the radial cylindrical span opening 48. It is designed to be pushed out. The locking rod 38 is pushed out in the n'r direction and locks into the tool holder. The sphere 36 is adapted to be received in the fourth section 94 upon release of the The tool holder can be removed.

During locking, the locking ball is moved outward by the slope 44 and the groove 46. , the forward facing abutting concave surface 26 of the opening 24 and the radial opening of the stub 42. 48 and is brought into a butting state with the rearward facing concave surface 50. By this method, after A force having both a lateral and a radially outward component is applied within the bore of the tool support member 34. It is applied directly to the shaft portion 14 of the tool holder 10 that has been inserted. The rearward component of this force In the first cycle, a light weight 20 is tightened to the front rotating surface 52 of the bore around the vertical axis XX, and 11χ Let me try it. The front rotating surface 52 faces outward in the radial direction and in the radial direction toward the rear. It has a Theban cane inside. This front rotational surface is preferably Preferably, it is conical and tapers inward at the same angle as the first rotating surface 20 of the shaft. There is.

The first rotating surface 20 of the shaft and the front rotating surface 52 of the bore enter into an interference fit with each other. and the rearward facing surface 16 of the tool holder abuts the forward facing surface 54 of the tool support member. I'm forced to do it.

The radially outward force component applied collectively to the shaft 14 preferably includes the first and second At least a portion of the second rotating surface 22 at a position behind the forward facing butting concave surface 26 radially inwardly pointing rearward of the bore about the directional axis X-X at the length It abuts against the rotating surface 56. This bore opening 56 is preferably concave and cylindrical. , the convex cylindrical surface 22 of the shaft ensures perfect abutment. Bore surface 56 has a diameter approximately 0.002 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the second rotating surface 22 in its unexpanded state. It is preferable to increase the size by 0.004 inch. Due to the loose fit, the book The claimed invention can be easily applied to robot work. This is because the shaft of the tool holder This is because it can be easily inserted into the bore of the tool support member.

Referring to FIG. 2, the stub 42 is engaged with the bore box of the tool support member 34, and has four It is connected and fixed to the tool support member 34 by bolts 58 (two of which are shown). has been done. The locking rod 38 and the locking cable 3G have a length of a stub and a directional passage 40. Each is loosely engaged in a radial opening 48 and self-centering upon locking. be done. If there is no tool holder shaft, lock it with the locking rod, do 38 and bore 51. Elements are loosely held within these openings. At the radial opening 48 The outer diameter of the stub 42 is set so that the difference with the outer diameter of the tool support member is sufficiently small so that the outer diameter of the stub 42 is Either locking element secured outside the opening 48 allows the shank 14 to be inserted into the bore and to stub it. to ensure that it is pushed into the opening by the rear end of the shank when positioned on top. size is selected. The locking rod 38 is elongated by engagement of the key of the keyway. It is held non-rotating on the directional axis. In this example, the oval on the locking rod A shaped lug 60 is fitted into an oval 62 of the stub 42. Lock stopper The rear end of the door 38 is provided with a threaded portion, material 64, which engages with conventional means and locks the locking rod. When the locking rod 38 is reciprocated, the locking rod 38 is held backward and placed on the tool support member. Lock the shaft part 14 and hold it in front of the shaft part 1 to unlock the shaft part 1. 4 forward and press the front abutting surface 66 on the locking rod inside the V-shaped portion of the shaft 14. The tool holder 34 is released forward by the butt with the shaft extrusion surface 68. be ignored.

As shown in FIG. 2, an example of conventional means for reciprocating the locking rod 38 two sets of screws that are screwed together with the screw member 64 and sandwich the thrust needle bearing 71. Torque nut 69 held within the rear end of stub 42 between last washers 70 There is a torque nut unit that includes. The entire torque nut unit is It is fixed in the axial direction between the annular shoulder portion 72 and the retaining ring 74. Tor The rear end of the knut 69 is engaged with a conventional power-driven rotatable member after retraction. , which causes the torque nut to rotate and move the locking rod 38 back and forth. Before Alternatively, a conventional spring can be used in place of the torque nut to push the locking rod forward. It may be moved later.

As shown in FIG. 2, the tool support member includes four bolts 78 (two of which are shown). ) and other tightening means, such as conventional large machines, turrets, spindles, and boring It can be held on a base member 76, such as a rod.

Mechanical member 7θ includes a cylindrical bore 78 for receiving the rearward end of stub 42.

Although not shown, the tool support member 34 preferably also includes a portion extending into the bore. Two cylinders separated by an angle of 80 degrees and an opening of 247 degrees and separated by an angle of 90 degrees and is adapted to engage the keyway slot 30.32 at one end of the shank 14. However, it is made not to come into contact with the stub 42.

A tube along a plane including the diameter of the tubular shaft portion 14 and the center line P-P of the abutment surface 2θ In FIG. 3 showing a cross-sectional view of the shaped shaft portion 14, the abutment surface 26 is curved and has a concave cylindrical shape. It can be seen that a wall 80 with a radius r is formed.

These walls 80 are at an angle B with the longitudinal centerline X of the shaft 14. , the axis of rotation P-P, and more importantly, the forward facing abutting concave surface 28 on the wall 80. extends forward from the inner surface 28 toward the outer surface 22 of the tubular shaft portion 14 .

The larger the angle B, the more the mechanical advantage can be maximized; If cutting tolerances interfere with correct positioning of locking element 36 on surface 26, There is also. Therefore, it is preferable that the angle B is a recess of 50 degrees to 60 degrees, and The angle is preferably 55 degrees.

The forward facing abutting concave surface 26 has a radius of curvature r, and this radius of curvature r Determined by the radius of curvature r of the abutting convex surface of the locking element 36 that abuts against 26 be done. Preferably, r and r are as close to each other as possible, and the locking element 36 has When brought into contact with the surface 26, contact occurs over as large an area as possible, Deformation of the blood 28 and the surface of the locking element is minimized to extend the service life.

For this purpose, r is not more than 0.004 inches below r, preferably 0. ．． It is preferable to have a larger value not exceeding 0.002 inches.

It is important that the abutting surface 26 has the blood ratio and slope described above, Also, the abutting surfaces 26 should be at the same height in the direction parallel to the X-X axis. is important. However, other openings not used for butt with the locking element The mouth wall portion may deviate from the above relationship as long as it does not affect the performance of the claimed invention. It doesn't matter. For example, as shown in FIG. extending radially outwardly from the outer surface 22 to the outer surface 22 where the aperture 24 intersects the first rotating surface 20. is avoided. If this frontage 24 intersects with the first rotating surface 20, this will cause The corners formed by This is because the support member bore that is tightly fitted with 20 will be damaged.

The first rotating surface 20 is preferably a circle! ￥L shape. This plane 20 is the vertical center of the shaft. The angle A made with the line is preferably self-securing when engaged with the similarly tapered bore of the tool support member. Give them the energy to spread the word. More preferably, 2A is Morse The Taber angle (5 degrees 43 minutes 30 seconds) is preferred.

The first rotating surface 20 provides an interference fit with the front tapered portion within the bore of the tool support member. Dimensioned as shown.

Hardened and tempered steel (Rockwell C hardness 44-45 for tool holder shaft) , Al5I with Rockwell C hardness 50-55 or as a tool support member bore river equivalent) in its unstressed state (i.e. not attached to the tool support member). state), the first rotating surface is less than the front rotating surface (both o, ooos inches (diameter) ), the effect of the present invention can be achieved. It has been found that. Preferably, with respect to the above-mentioned material, the unstressed state of the first rotational surface The overhang should not exceed 0.0015 inch to ensure that plasticity is avoided. ) Fatigue damage to tool holders and tool support members must be reliably avoided. do not have. Furthermore, the maximum value of 0.0015 inch allows the shaft to easily fit into the tool support member bore. This makes it possible for the material to be removed. Therefore, these values are based on the tool holder support. is (D, = 30mm, D2 = 4h+m, L = GrAng, 2 A=Morsteber angle), the materials mentioned above are It is obvious for those skilled in the art to provide an enclosure for . The tool holder is of a different size. size and shape, or if the tool support member or tool holder is made of another material. Then, in order to give a result corresponding to the condition for stiffness, o, ooos i It is also possible to select values outside the range of 0.0015 inches. Tools In addition to improving the rigidity of the upright configuration of the holder and tool support member, By using a tight fit, the tolerance for the diameter of the tool holder shaft can be improved. (i.e. ±0.0OS inches in diameter), which also reduces the The abutment between the rearwardly facing butt hole 16 on the tool holder and the forwardly facing surface 54 of the tool support member. Precise centering and radial positioning through alignment and directional positioning with accurate length Decisions can be secured. This level of tolerance can also reduce manufacturing costs.

As shown in FIG. In the rear region, it is preferably a cylindrical surface, such that the sliding is a complementary conical surface. By comparison, the cylindrical surface 22 is constantly expanded to accommodate the bore cylindrical shape of the tool support member 34. The abutting area with the square rotation surface 56 can be increased. Face contact as much as possible It is preferable to increase the rigidity of the tool holder so as to increase the rigidity of the tool holder.

An inner cavity 83 is generally connected to the rearwardly facing surface 84.86 at the forward end of the tubular shaft. A cylindrical inner surface 28 is formed on the shaft portion 14 . The cavity 83 is shown in FIG. It is sized to loosely receive the locking mechanism shown in FIG. at the rear end , surfaces 28.22 are continuous with the tapered member 86. This taper member 86 If it is easy to mount the shaft 14 on the tab 42 and in the bore of the tool support member 34, It has the role of cooling the locking element 36 and also prevents the locking element 36 from being pushed into the stub during installation. It also plays a supporting role.

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross-section of the front member of the locking rod 38 shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention. A diagram is illustrated. The tip 88 of the locking rod has an annular chamfer 90 on its circumference. It has a continuous flat abutment surface 66. This tip 88 has a chamfered portion 900 It is continuous with a cylindrical side surface 92 at the periphery, and this cylindrical side surface 92 is butted It extends rearward from the rotational center axis YY, which intersects the surface 66 at an angle of 90 degrees. ~ side The surfaces 92 are preferably circumferentially spaced apart from each other by 180 degree angular intervals as shown. , intersect the first and second recesses 94 equidistant from the plane of the abutting surface 66 .

These recesses 94 are dimensioned to receive locking elements 36 in the released position. . As shown in the figure, the recess 94 is elongated in the direction of the vertical axis Y-Y, and its length extends in each direction. It is preferable to have a concave spherical surface with a radius R4 at the end, and this radius R4 is The radius is equal to or slightly larger than the radius of the stop element 36. cylindrical side The radial depth of the recess 94 extending into the surface 92 is determined by the locking distance separating the recess 94. The sum of the rod material thickness and the two radii of the locking cord 36 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft. is set to

The first recess 94 at the end closest to the abutment surface 66 is connected to the inclined surface 44 . It has become. This inclined surface 44 extends from the first recess toward the butt 166, Ru. The surface of the inclined surface 44 is centered on the axis R-R inclined at an angle C with respect to the axis Y-Y. It is a concave cylindrical rotating surface with a radius r. The radius r of the locking element 36 is preferably is equal to or slightly larger than the radius of the locking element 36. A value not exceeding 0.004 inch, more preferably 0.002 inch, than the radius of It is said to be very large.

Angle C should ideally be as small as possible, which provides mechanical advantages. Although this ideal form can maximize the manufacturing possibilities with a given tolerance Also, the smaller the angle, the longer the stroke required to lock the lock. Therefore, the length of the locking rod must be increased. I need to take it. If the angle C is set to about 20 degrees, a compromise can be found in this contradictory relationship. It has been found that it is most preferable if this angle is 15 degrees.

Next, the second recess 84 is formed on the same slope as the slope 44 like in a conventional locking rod. The story is called groove 46 and luck. This il'1'j46 is matched with 66 The longitudinal end closest to the second recess is continuous with the second recess, and the second recess is parallel to the central axis Y-Y. and extends toward the abutting surface 66. Similarly, the surface of the groove 46 has a radius r It is a concave cylindrical rotating surface, but in this case, its central axis is G- It is the G axis.

By pulling the locking rod rearward, the locking element rolls out of the recess 94 and i"j 46 and the inclined surface 44. These grooves 46 and the inclined surface 44 are The elements are pushed radially outward and the tool holder is locked to the tool support member. more tablets When the stop rod moves forward, the locking element 36 rolls into the recess 94 and The rolling surface 22 is crushed and the tool is removed from the butt with the rear rotating surface 56 of the bore. release. If the first rotating surface 20 is self-fixing and tapered, the locking rod is movable further forward, and the abutting surface 66 of the locking rod is aligned with the tubular shank. The tool holder is abutted against the push-off surface e8 within, and the tool holder is released from the tool support member. .

The design of the locking rod of the present invention, which has grooves and sloped surfaces, has two locking rods inclined at equal angles. This is a significant departure from previous designs that used four angled sides facing in opposite directions. It provides remarkable effects. A predetermined internal angle (here, the axis R-R and the axis G- Regarding the angle formed by G), the design of the present invention creates the same interior angle between the two. The advantage of this feature is that the required locking stroke can be shortened compared to a two-slope design. You can improve your mechanical strengths.

All components used here are preferably made of hardened and tempered steel. Although it is made of iron, other materials may be used as long as they do not deviate from the performance of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the locking element 3G can be Preferably, it is made of chromium alloy steel with a Rockwell C hardness of GG-85, but carbide is preferred. It is also conceivable to use alloys. The stub 42 has a Rockwell C hardness of 40-4. It may be made of AISI 4340fgI iron or an equivalent material. lock lock Preferably, the lead 38 is made of AIS+4340 ferroalloy, but Rockwell It may be made of impact-resistant tool steel such as Al5I S7 with a C hardness of 5G-58.

Locking rods, locking elements and tools used with the tool holders described herein The supporting member is disclosed in parallel U.S. application No. 1, filed on the same day as the present application by R.A. , 7300 and Ha Lua 310. These applications and previous The cited patents mentioned above are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, which is limited only by the appended claims, The physical embodiment may be modified in various ways.

! F/63 international search report

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. as an article for manufacturing, a first end and a second end facing opposite thereto, the first end and the second end being joined by a side surface; a rod having a central axis Y-Y that is articulated and extends between the first and second ends; a first recess on the side surface; continuous with said first recess, extending therefrom in a first direction, and having a concave cylindrical shape with an acute angle in front. an inclined surface having a concave cylindrical surface receding from the axis Y-Y; a second recess in the side surface circumferentially spaced from the first recess; It is connected to the second recess and extends from there in the first direction parallel to the axis Y-Y. An article of manufacture having a concave cylindrical shape and a groove. 2. The article according to claim 1, wherein the article is non-rotational about the axis Y-Y. means for retaining said rod in An article further comprising: 3. The article according to claim 1, wherein the rod is attached to another member. means to An article further comprising: 4. The article according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle is between 15 degrees and 20 degrees. a certain article. 5. A device for holding a shaft portion of a tubular tool holder, the device having a forward facing surface and the forward facing surface. A tool support having a bore that intersects the surface and extends rearwardly from it to receive the target shaft. parts and means for locking the shaft portion of the tool holder to the tool support member; including; The locking means includes a stub member having a passage therein and a stub member that is loosely engaged with the passage. a reciprocally movable element, the stub member being disposed within the bore and extending from the tube. the stub member is receivable in a shaped tool holder shank, the stub member having a first opening and a first opening; a second opening spaced apart from the first opening in the circumferential direction; the first opening and the second opening; extends radially from the bore wall and intersects the passageway; moreover, the first and second openings are respectively disposed and releasable to the hollow tool holder shaft; a first locking element and a second locking element for abutting the locking element; for moving the tool and releasably holding it relative to the hollow tool holder shaft. an inclined surface and a groove; the inclined surface and the groove are arranged on the reciprocating element; The groove extends parallel to the direction of reciprocation of the reciprocating element and the groove The surface and the groove are aligned with the first and second openings in respective four circumferential directions. equipment. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the first and second locking elements are is a sphere, and the inclined surface and the groove have a concave cylindrical surface that abuts against the sphere. A device designed to do the following: 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the radius of curvature of the concave cylindrical surface is 0.00 equal to or less than the radius of curvature of the first and second locking elements. Devices that are larger than 4 inches. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the radius of curvature of the concave cylindrical surface is 0.00 equal to or less than the radius of curvature of the first and second locking elements. A device that is enlarged by a value not exceeding 2 inches. 9. The device according to claim 5, wherein the first and second locking elements are the reciprocatable element and the bore wall within the first and second openings; The devices that are attached to each. 10. The article of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle is less than 20 degrees. Items that cannot be exceeded. 11. 10. The article of manufacture according to claim 10, wherein the rod is An article having means for non-rotationally holding it in an axis Y--Y axis. 12. The article of manufacture according to claim 10, wherein the rod is Detailed description of a product invention having means for attaching to a material