JPH0354591B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a dialysis device that removes waste products and water from blood.

"Prior Art" Conventionally, in a dialysis device, the inside of a dialysate container is divided into a supply chamber and a collection chamber by a diaphragm, one supply chamber is located at the inlet of the dialyzer, and the other collection chamber is located at the outlet of the dialyzer. The supply chamber, the dialyzer, and the recovery chamber are connected to each other to form a sealed circuit, and the fresh dialysate introduced into the supply chamber is supplied to the dialyzer according to the volume reduction caused by the movement of the diaphragm, and At the same time, a device is known in which the treated dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is collected into the collection chamber in accordance with the increase in volume of the collection chamber due to movement of the diaphragm (Tokuko Showa). 56-82).

In this type of dialysis machine, the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer and the amount of treated dialysate collected from the dialyzer into the collection chamber can be precisely matched, so the sealing The amount of treated dialysate taken out from a portion of the circuit matches the amount of water removed, and therefore the amount of water removed can be accurately controlled from the amount of treated dialysate taken out of the closed circuit.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" However, with the above configuration, if the diaphragm that divides the inside of the dialysate container into a supply chamber and a collection chamber is damaged, the treated dialysate collected in the collection chamber will be replaced by fresh dialysate. There is a risk of it getting mixed into the liquid. This contamination of treated dialysate with fresh dialysate is a possibility because the treated dialysate may contain bacteria after dialysis of a patient with an infectious disease.
This is a problem because the disease may be transmitted to the next patient.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention provides a dialysis machine as described above, in which a supply chamber whose volume increases and decreases according to the movement of the diaphragm is connected to the inlet of the dialysis machine. On the other hand, a recovery chamber whose volume increases and decreases in the opposite manner to that of the supply chamber according to the movement of the diaphragm is connected to the outlet of the dialyzer, and a sealed circuit is formed between the supply chamber, the dialyzer, and the recovery chamber, and the supply chamber At the same time, fresh dialysate introduced into the dialyzer is supplied to the dialyzer as the volume of the supply chamber decreases, and at the same time, treated dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is supplied to the dialyzer as the volume of the collection chamber increases. The dialysis apparatus is configured to collect water in a dialysis machine, wherein the diaphragm in the supply chamber and the diaphragm in the recovery chamber are each composed of separate diaphragms, and a liquid is interposed between the two diaphragms so that the diaphragm of one diaphragm is The other diaphragm can follow the movement, and a filter is provided in the supply path communicating the supply chamber and the dialyzer to prevent the liquid leaking into the supply chamber from flowing into the dialyzer. Further, a detection means for detecting the liquid is provided upstream of the filter.

"Function" According to the above configuration, especially when the diaphragm in the supply chamber is damaged, the liquid tries to be supplied to the dialyzer via the supply path, but the liquid is dialyzed by the filter. Since the diaphragm is prevented from being supplied to the dialysis device and is detected by the detection means, damage to the diaphragm can be detected and an adverse effect on dialysis can be prevented.

"Example" The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated example.
In FIG. 1, a dialyzer 1 that performs dialysis includes a treated liquid chamber 3 and a dialysate chamber 4 separated by a semipermeable membrane 2.
Blood, which is a liquid to be processed, is introduced into the liquid chamber 3 through a supply chamber 5 and can be discharged to the outside via a discharge path 6.

In this embodiment, two first dialysate containers 10 and a second dialysate container 10' are arranged in parallel, and the dialyzer 1 is alternately supplied with fresh dialysate by means of the respective dialysate containers 10 and 10'. The fluid is supplied and discharged so that dialysis can be performed.

The inside of the first dialysate container 10 is divided into three parts by two diaphragms 11 and 12 as movable partition walls.
The dialysate is introduced into the first supply chamber 13 formed on one side of the first dialysate container 10 and divided into a first supply chamber 13 , a first movable volume chamber 14 , and a first collection chamber 15 . The fresh dialysate is transferred to the first sealed circuit 16.
The dialysate is supplied into the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 through the dialyzer 1, and the treated dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 is transferred into a first collection chamber 15 formed on the other side of the first dialysate container 10. We are making it possible to collect it. Note that the diaphragms 11 and 12 do not need to be completely separate bodies, and may be partially connected together.

The first sealed circuit 16 includes the first supply chamber 13
is communicated with the dialysate chamber 4 via the first supply path 17, first supply valve 18, filter 19, common supply path 20 and constant flow valve 21, and further includes a common recovery path 22, pump 23, and deaerator. 24, 1st collection path 2
5 and a first recovery valve 26, the first recovery chamber 15 is communicated with the inside of the first recovery chamber 15.

In addition, fresh dialysate is introduced into the first supply chamber 13 from a fresh dialysate supply source (not shown) through a common introduction path 29, an electromagnetic on-off valve 30, a manual on-off valve 31, a heater 32, a pump 33, and a deaerator. 34, the first inlet path 35 and the first inlet valve 36, and the treated dialysate from the first collection chamber 15 can be disposed of via the first waste valve 37, the first waste path 38,
The blood can be disposed of into a recovery tank (not shown) via the common waste channel 39 and the blood leakage sensor 40.

A liquid 41 such as silicone oil is sealed in the first variable volume chamber 14 at the center formed in the first dialysate container 10, and when one diaphragm 11 moves, the liquid 41 The other diaphragm 12 is connected to the above diaphragm 11 through
It is designed to be able to be displaced by following the Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, the liquid 41 is applied to both diaphragms 1.
1 and 12 constitute interlocking means.

And the filter 1 provided in the first supply path 17
9 allows the flow of the dialysate but blocks the flow of the liquid 41, so that even if the diaphragm 11 is damaged and the liquid 41 leaks into the first supply chamber 13, it will not leak into the dialyzer. 1 is prevented from being supplied.

Further, the liquid 4 is provided on the upstream side of the filter 19.
1, for example, the liquid 41
When colored silicone oil is used, a phototube 42 is provided so that damage to the diaphragm 11 can be detected by detecting that the dialysate has been colored by the silicone oil. On the other hand, damage to the diaphragm 12 can be detected by detection of silicone oil by the blood leakage sensor 40.

Note that the filter 1 corresponding to the filter 19 described above
9' to the second sealed circuit 1 on the second dialysate container 10' side.
Although the filter 19' is also provided in the common supply channel 6', it is possible to detect the breakage of the diaphragm 11' of the second dialysate container 10'. 20 may be provided with only one filter.

Further, as the detection means 42, an appropriate one can be used in consideration of the liquid 41 to be used.
Another example of a detection means using the silicone oil as the liquid 41 is to provide a transparent tube in part or all of the second supply path 17 upstream of the filter 19 so that the colored state can be visually observed from the outside. can do.

Further, the first variable volume chamber 14 is communicated with the inside of the cylinder chamber 44 of the cylinder device 43, and by moving the piston 46 of the cylinder device 43 forward and backward by the servo motor 45, the first variable volume chamber 14 The internal volume can be adjusted. This cylinder device 43 controls the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 to a large extent when the diaphragms 11 and 12 move to the right, and
1 and 12 move to the left, the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 is controlled to be small.

As a result, the amount of change in volume in the first collection chamber 15 is larger than the amount of change in volume in the first supply chamber 13 by the amount of change in volume in the first variable volume chamber 14 caused by the cylinder device 43 . Therefore, the first supply chamber 1
3, more processed dialysate can be collected into the first collection chamber 15 by the amount of the above-mentioned volume change than the fresh dialysate supplied to the dialyzer 1, and the volume change corresponds to the amount of water removed by the dialyzer 1. will match.

The opening and closing of the valves 18, 26, 36, and 37 and the rotation of the servo motor 45 are controlled by a control device including a microcomputer (not shown). Further, the second dialysate container 1
The first dialysate container 10 whose configuration regarding 0′ is also described above.
The structure is the same as that of the first dialysate container 10, and the same parts are indicated by adding "'" to the reference numerals used for the first dialysate container 10.

In the above configuration, a certain time shown in Figure 2
At Ta, in the first closed circuit 16, the first supply valve 18 and the first recovery valve 26 are closed, and the first introduction valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are opened. On the other hand, in the second sealed circuit 16', contrary to the first sealed circuit 16, the second supply valve 18' and the second recovery valve 26' are opened, and the second introduction valve 3
6' and second waste valve 37' are closed.

Therefore, in this state, the second sealed circuit 16'
is connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, and the first closed circuit 16 is disconnected from the dialysate chamber 4. In this state, fresh dialysate is introduced under pressure into the first supply chamber 13 by the pump 33, and as a result, the diaphragms 11 and 12 are integrally moved to the right, and at the same time, the first collection chamber The treated dialysate in 15 is discharged to the outside via a waste path 39.

On the other hand, the fresh dialysate in the second supply chamber 13' is controlled at a constant flow rate by the constant flow valve 21 and is supplied to the dialyzer 1.
The dialysate is supplied into the dialysate chamber 4, and the treated dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 is collected into the second recovery chamber 15'. At this time, the cylinder device 43' gradually reduces the volume of the second variable volume chamber 14' at a constant rate, so that fresh dialysate is supplied from the second supply chamber 13' into the dialysate chamber 4. A larger amount of treated dialysate than the amount of fluid is gradually collected into the second collection chamber 15', and the difference is the amount of water removed in the dialyzer 1.

The first sealed circuit 16 and the second sealed circuit 1
The supply time T ₁ for supplying fresh dialysate from the respective supply chambers 13, 13' to the dialysate chamber 4 at 6', that is, the time T for keeping each supply valve 18, 18' and recovery valve 26, 26' open. ₁ is for each supply chamber 13,1
Based on the volume in 3' and the constant flow rate controlled by constant flow valve 21, an appropriate time is preset before the fresh dialysate in the supply chamber is completely consumed.

On the other hand, each supply chamber 13,1
The introduction time T ₂ for introducing fresh dialysate into the pump 3', that is, the time T ₂ during which the introduction valves 36, 36' and the waste valves 37, 37' are kept open, sets the capacity of the pump 33 relatively large. In some cases, the supply time T ₁ is set to be shorter than the above-mentioned supply time T 1 . and both times T ₁
Based on the difference between T2 and _T2 , the first supply valve 18 and the second supply valve 18' can be opened by overlapping each other by a predetermined time T.

Next, at time Tb shown in FIG.
When the predetermined introduction time _T2 in the sealed circuit 16 has elapsed, the first supply chamber 13 has already been filled with fresh dialysate, and the diaphragms 11 and 12 are located at the right end. There is. In this state, the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 is at its maximum.

Then, at the time Tb, each valve in the first closed circuit 16 is switched, the first supply valve 18 and the first recovery valve 26 are opened, and the first introduction valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are closed. As a result, the first sealed circuit 16 as well as the second sealed circuit 16' are connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, so that the fresh dialysate in the first supply chamber 13 and the second supply chamber 13' is dialysed. The dialysate chamber 4 is supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 of the device 1.
The treated dialysate from inside is collected into the first collection chamber 15 and the second collection chamber 15'. Note that even in this state, the fresh dialysate supplied into the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 is of course adjusted to a constant flow rate by the constant flow valve 21.

The first sealed circuit 16 and the second sealed circuit 16' are connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 at the same time, and fresh dialysate is stably supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 from both closed circuits 16, 16'. When this happens, first dialyzer 1.
The second sealed circuit 1 was connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of
6' is stopped, and at the same time, the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 in the first closed circuit 16 newly connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 is reduced. will be gradually reduced at a certain rate.

In this way, the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 and the volume of the second
By continuously decreasing the volume of the variable volume chamber 14' at a constant rate, both the sealed circuits 1
In addition to being able to stably supply fresh dialysate to the dialysate chamber 4 by means of 6 and 16', it is also possible to continuously remove water at a constant rate.

Next, when the supply time _T1 in the second sealed circuit 16' has elapsed at time Tc in FIG. ’ is closed and the second
Inlet valve 36' and second waste valve 37' are closed. Then, communication between the second closed circuit 16' and the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 is cut off, and fresh dialysate is supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 only from the first closed circuit 16.

In the second sealed circuit 16', fresh dialysate is forced into the second supply chamber 13' by the pump 33, and the diaphragms 11 and 12 are integrally moved to the right. At the same time, the treated dialysate in the second collection chamber 15' is discharged to the outside via the waste path 39. Further, the cylinder device 43' rapidly returns the volume of the second variable volume chamber 14' from the reduced state to the maximum state.

This state is a state in which the state of the first sealed circuit 16 and the state of the second sealed circuit 16' at the time Ta are reversed, and thereafter, each sealed circuit 16, 1
The same operations as described above for 6' are repeated. Each sealed circuit 16, 16' is closed for a predetermined time T.
Since the dialysate chambers 4 of the dialyzer 1 are connected to the dialysate chambers 4 of the dialyzer 1 alternately while overlapping only the Water removal can be ensured.

Note that in the above embodiment, the cylinder device 43,
43' are controlled separately by servo motors 45, 45', but the invention is not limited to this, and both cylinder devices 43, 43' are controlled by appropriate configurations.
It is also possible to share the drive source of 43'.

Next, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first dialysate container 10 in the above embodiment is separated into a separate container 50, The variable volume chambers 14, 14 formed in each container 50, 51 are communicated with each other via a conduit 52, and further, a cylinder device 44 of a cylinder device 43 is connected to the conduit 25. Further, the second dialysate container 10' has a similar structure and is indicated by the same reference numeral with "'" added thereto.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, each supply chamber 13, 1
3' to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 or to a source of fresh dialysate, three-way switching valves 53, 53 are used instead of the supply valves 18, 18' and the inlet valves 36, 36', respectively. ', and similarly set the recovery valve 2.
6, 26' and waste valves 37, 37' are replaced by three-way switching valves 54, 54'.

Other configurations are not substantially different from the above embodiment, and it is clear that the same effects as the above embodiment can be obtained in this embodiment as well.

Note that it is not necessarily necessary to make the volume fluctuations of the supply chamber and the recovery chamber different; in such a case, the cylinder devices 43, 43' may be omitted, and the treated dialysate may be transferred from a part of the closed circuit to the outside. All you have to do is take it out.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, according to the present invention, when the diaphragm in the supply chamber is damaged, the liquid interposed between this diaphragm and the diaphragm in the recovery chamber is detected by the detection means. Therefore, damage to the diaphragm can be detected, and the filter can prevent the liquid from being supplied to the dialyzer.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is a timing chart showing the operating state of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing another embodiment. 1... Dialyzer, 13, 13'... Supply chamber, 11,
11', 12, 12'...diaphragm, 15,1
5'... Recovery chamber, 16, 16'... Sealed circuit, 1
7, 17', 20... Supply path, 19, 19'... Filter, 41, 41'... Liquid, 42, 42'...
Detection means.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A supply chamber whose volume increases and decreases according to the movement of the diaphragm is connected to the inlet of the dialyzer, while a collection chamber whose volume increases and decreases in the opposite manner to the supply chamber according to the movement of the diaphragm is connected to the above-mentioned one. It is connected to the outlet of the dialyzer to form a sealed circuit with the supply chamber, the dialyzer, and the recovery chamber, and the fresh dialysate introduced into the supply chamber is supplied to the dialyzer according to the volume reduction of the supply chamber. At the same time, the dialysis apparatus is configured such that the treated dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is collected into the collection chamber as the volume of the collection chamber increases, the diaphragm of the supply chamber and the collection chamber. The diaphragms are each composed of separate diaphragms, and a liquid is interposed between both diaphragms so that the movement of one diaphragm can be followed by the other diaphragm, and the supply chamber and the dialyzer are communicated. A filter is provided in the supply path to prevent the liquid leaked into the supply chamber from flowing into the dialyzer, and a detection means for detecting the liquid is further provided upstream of the filter. dialysis machine.