【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は、刷子用摺動接点材料（以下、「摺動
接点材料」という。）の改良に関する。
従来、摺動接点材料としては各種材料が考えら
れ、とりわけ刷子接点用の材料としては、Au30
〜50重量％、Ag20〜40重量％、Pd20〜40重量％
より成る合金材料が考えられていた。
然し乍ら、この合金材料で製作した刷子接点で
は、整流子との摺動時の耐摩耗性に劣り、摩耗粉
が生じ易く、ノイズ発生の原因となつていた。
本発明は斯かる欠点を解消すべくなされたもの
であり、前記合金材料を基材としてこれに特定の
材料を添加させて、発生する酸化物を潤滑剤と
し、耐摩耗性を向上させた摺動接点材料を提供せ
んとするものである。
本発明の摺動接点材料は、組成比でAu30〜50
重量％、Ag20〜40重量％、Pd20〜40重量％のAu
−Ag−Pdが95〜99.5重量％及び残部がNb、In、
Ba及びCdの少なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜５重量
％から成るものである。
本発明の摺動接点材料に於いて、組成比で
Au30〜50重量％、Ag20〜40重量％、Pd20〜40重
量％のAu−Ag−Pdが95〜99.5重量％及び残部が
Nb、In、Ba及びCdの少なくとも一種を合計で
0.5〜５重量％としている理由は、前記合金材料
の耐摩耗性を向上すべく潤滑剤となる酸化物を適
量発生させる為で、0.5重量％未満では酸化物の
発生量が少なくて潤滑剤としての効果を発揮でき
ず、５重量％を超えると酸化物の発生量が多くな
り、接触抵抗が高くなり、その上不安定となるも
のである。
また、Au、Ag、Pdの含有量は、前記従来の合
金材料の組成比に変更を加えない範囲とすること
により、従来の合金材料の特性は損なわれること
なく発揮されることとなるものである。
次に下記表の左欄に示す成分組成の本発明によ
る摺動接点材料と従来の摺動接点材料を用いて
夫々線径0.7mmの刷子線材を作り、これを各々長
さ８mmに切断し、２本並列させて一端を幅10mm、
長さ13mm、厚さ0.2mmの台材に溶接し、他端に2R
の円弧状の接触部を曲成して刷子接点を作つた。
そして夫々の刷子接点をAg−Cd1重量％から成
る円盤状の整流子に接触させ、整流子を正逆回転
させて下記の試験条件にて摺動試験を行い、摩耗
量及び接触抵抗を測定した処、下記の表の右欄に
示すような結果を得た。
試験条件
電 流：0.6A
電 圧：12V
負 荷：抵抗負荷
回転速度：1000回転／分
周 速：130〜120m／min
接触力 ：100ｇ
試験時間：７時間
The present invention relates to improvements in sliding contact materials for brushes (hereinafter referred to as "sliding contact materials"). Conventionally, various materials have been considered as sliding contact materials, and in particular, Au30 is the material for brush contacts.
~50wt%, Ag20~40wt%, Pd20~40wt%
An alloy material consisting of However, brush contacts made of this alloy material have poor abrasion resistance when sliding with the commutator, and are likely to generate abrasion powder, causing noise. The present invention was made in order to eliminate such drawbacks, and it is a sliding material that uses the above-mentioned alloy material as a base material, adds a specific material to it, uses the generated oxide as a lubricant, and has improved wear resistance. The purpose is to provide a moving contact material. The sliding contact material of the present invention has a composition ratio of Au30 to Au50.
wt%, Ag20~40wt%, Pd20~40wt%Au
-Ag-Pd is 95 to 99.5% by weight and the balance is Nb, In,
The total amount of at least one of Ba and Cd is 0.5 to 5% by weight. In the sliding contact material of the present invention, the composition ratio
Au-Ag-Pd is 95-99.5% by weight and the balance is 30-50% by weight of Au, 20-40% by weight of Ag, 20-40% by weight of Pd.
At least one of Nb, In, Ba and Cd in total
The reason why it is set at 0.5 to 5% by weight is to generate an appropriate amount of oxides that act as a lubricant to improve the wear resistance of the alloy material, and if it is less than 0.5% by weight, the amount of oxides generated is small and it cannot be used as a lubricant. If the amount exceeds 5% by weight, the amount of oxides generated increases, contact resistance becomes high, and furthermore, it becomes unstable. In addition, by setting the content of Au, Ag, and Pd within a range that does not change the composition ratio of the conventional alloy material, the characteristics of the conventional alloy material can be exhibited without being impaired. be. Next, using the sliding contact material according to the present invention and the conventional sliding contact material having the composition shown in the left column of the table below, brush wire rods each having a wire diameter of 0.7 mm were made, and each of these was cut into a length of 8 mm. Two parallel wires, one end 10mm wide.
Welded to a base material with a length of 13 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm, and 2R on the other end.
A brush contact was made by bending the arc-shaped contact part of the brush.
Then, each brush contact was brought into contact with a disc-shaped commutator made of 1% by weight of Ag-Cd, and the commutator was rotated forward and backward to perform a sliding test under the following test conditions, and the amount of wear and contact resistance was measured. The results shown in the right column of the table below were obtained. Test conditions Current: 0.6A Voltage: 12V Load: Resistance load Rotation speed: 1000 revolutions/min Circumferential speed: 130-120m/min Contact force: 100g Test time: 7 hours
【表】
上記の表で明らかなように実施例１〜14の刷子
接点は従来例の刷子接点に比し摩耗量が著しく少
なく、接触抵抗が低く安定していることが判る。
これはひとえに実施例１〜14の刷子接点の刷子線
材を構成している本発明の摺動接点材料が、摺動
時にNb、In、Ba、Cd等の酸化物が発生し、この
酸化物が潤滑剤となり、耐摩耗性が向上するから
に他ならない。また酸化物が軟らかい為、摺動作
用により容易に除去されるので、接触抵抗は変わ
らないからに他ならない。
以上詳記した通り本発明による摺動接点材料に
よれば、従来の摺動接点材料に比べ著しく耐摩耗
性に優れ、摩耗粉の発生量が極めて少なく、ノイ
ズの発生が殆んど無く、また低く安定した接触抵
抗を有する刷子接点を得ることができるという効
果がある。[Table] As is clear from the above table, it can be seen that the brush contacts of Examples 1 to 14 had significantly less wear than the conventional brush contacts, and that the contact resistance was low and stable.
This is because the sliding contact material of the present invention, which constitutes the brush wire of the brush contacts of Examples 1 to 14, generates oxides such as Nb, In, Ba, and Cd during sliding, and these oxides This is because it acts as a lubricant and improves wear resistance. Moreover, since the oxide is soft, it is easily removed by the sliding action, so the contact resistance remains unchanged. As detailed above, the sliding contact material according to the present invention has significantly better wear resistance than conventional sliding contact materials, generates extremely little wear powder, generates almost no noise, and This has the effect that a brush contact having low and stable contact resistance can be obtained.