JPH0361756A - Fluctuating power stabilizing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To follow the fluctuation of the rotating speed of a power shaft with good responsiveness and invariably output a fixed rotating speed by providing an automatic transmission and a planetary gear type accelerator, and connecting them with en electronic function such as digital tachometers for high-speed operation. CONSTITUTION:The PTO shaft 2 and the output shaft 16 of the engine 1 of an operational track are arranged to drive a belt shift type transmission 11 with a pair of pulleys 3 having a slight acceleration ratio between them and a belt 3', the pulley 3 on the extension of the PTO shaft 2 and a planetary gear type accelerator 10 are coaxially provided, a sun gear shaft is connected to the output shaft 16, and an inner gear is driven via the transmission 11 and pulleys 4' and 4. A motor 12 is rotated based on signals of digital tachometers 19 and 20, and the output shaft 16 is accelerated or decelerated according to its rotating direction. The following speed after the fluctuation of the input power is increased, and the output shaft 16 can be invariably rotated at a fixed rotating speed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention is applicable to extracting a power source whose speed fluctuates during running, such as a diesel engine for self-propelled propulsion of a truck or ship, as a power source with a constant rotation speed. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a variable power constant speeding device for obtaining a practicable constant speed rotation power source from a power source whose speed fluctuates in a wide range and whose speed is complicated, such as wind power or wave power.

0. Conventional technology When extracting power from a diesel engine for propulsion of a truck or ship and using it for practical use, the engine speed fluctuates considerably while the truck or ship is stationary. The general method is to use the idling state for various equipment via a slight speed increase or deceleration device as necessary, and it is not usual to use the fluctuating power while running. Not yet.

However, in mixer trucks or trucks equipped with a type generator, the rotation speed of the human power shaft fluctuates due to the use of a special variable vane type hydraulic pump.
There is a transmission method that allows the hydraulic motor to rotate at a constant rate depending on the load, but there is a problem with the follow-up speed of the variable angle vane inside the hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic system Above all, the viscous resistance of the oil has a very large effect on the ability to quickly follow changes in the amount of oil fed and changes in direction inside the pump, so the design must have a considerable dimensional margin.

Even in a normal hydraulic system, the mechanical efficiency is 75 to 80%, but in the case of such rapidly fluctuating power, the efficiency is about 60 to 70%. All of this mechanical loss results in an increase in the temperature of the system oil, and requires a considerable capacity oil cooling system and system oil storage tank, so it is not suitable for equipment where space and weight restrictions are important, such as on ships and vehicles. It wasn't suitable.

Particularly in the case of cars, there is a torque limit on the PTO of the power take-off shaft, and it is necessary to maintain an appropriate balance with the horsepower of the propulsion power engine of the main body, so the mechanical efficiency can be improved within the same torque limit. In the case of equipment that drops, it is a fatal handicap as equipment on a truck.

In the case of a hydraulic no-clutch device for private cars, it is put into practical use because it has other benefits even if the fuel consumption increases by about 30 to 35% due to a decrease in efficiency. If this is done, it will be unsuitable from a profitability standpoint. Therefore, there has been a long-awaited desire for even more efficient transmission equipment.

In addition to the hydraulic system, it is theoretically possible to use a belt shift continuously variable transmission or an electric converter/inverter system, but the former requires more than 10 seconds to shift the belt, and the self-contained CD" Due to the large power output, it cannot mechanically withstand frequent and rapid fluctuations in human power.Also, in the latter electrical case, a transformer, etc. is required in addition to diodes and thyristors, and AC power generation due to engine speed fluctuations is required. Electrical energy losses are generated to suppress the large frequency and voltage fluctuations of the machine within a certain range, and these losses also generate heat, so equipment to counter this is required, requiring a large amount of space and weight. Not only is this necessary, but the automatic control equipment itself for operating diodes, thyristors, etc. must be designed and manufactured with new parts that can withstand large fluctuations in frequency and voltage. Even if this becomes possible, the electrical efficiency is expected to be 60-65%.

11. Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention is aimed at extracting constant rotation power from a diesel engine for self-propelled propulsion of a truck or ship, regardless of speed fluctuations during running, or by extracting power from a diesel engine for self-propelled propulsion of a truck or ship, or by extracting power from a speed generator such as wind or wave power. It is possible to extract practical constant-speed rotational power from a wide range of power sources with complex fluctuations, and has high mechanical and electrical efficiency, as well as an extremely fast follow-up speed to fluctuations in input power. The purpose is to obtain a power constant speed device.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned points of view, and includes a rotating drive source and a system for transmitting the necessary horsepower even when the rotation speed of the drive source is at its lowest rotation speed. In addition, in order to finally obtain the required rotation speed of the output shaft, there is a speed increaser having a constant speed increase ratio, and the speed increase output shaft increases the speed proportional to the speed increase ratio as the rotation of the drive source increases. An automatic transmission device is installed to suppress the output shaft to the required constant speed rotation until it reaches saturation by continuously decelerating the output shaft in inverse proportion to the speed increase.

It goes without saying that, contrary to the above, when the rotational speed of the drive source decreases, the automatic transmission should automatically work in the direction of increasing the rotational speed of the output shaft.

In this invention, as an additional electrical mechanism, a pair of sensors such as proximity switches are installed on both the drive-side rotating shaft, which fluctuates violently up and down, and the output rotating shaft, which rotates at a constant speed, to catch pulses of fluctuating rotation at high speed. Within the range of rotation speeds preset to the upper and lower limits of the above several sets of digital tachometers, hydraulic or pneumatic solenoid valves for increasing and decreasing the rotation of automatic transmissions, belt shift motors, and related thereto. An operation command is sent to the electromagnetic clutch to be attached or detached at high speed in units of 0.02 to 0.05 seconds.

In this way, the operation of changing the rotation ratio of the transmission based on the given command, for example, in the case of a belt or shift type transmission, changes the pulley interval to shift the belt, and also changes the engagement and disengagement of the electromagnetic clutch by 0.5 to 1. It is an object of the present invention to provide a variable power constant speed regulating device that can adjust the output shaft rotation to a constant speed, which is the initial objective, by performing the rotation at a speed of 0 seconds.

Ho9 action Next, the operation of the present invention will be explained.

First, an overview of the present invention will be described.

Here, a case where a track is targeted will be explained as an example.

Power is used through the PTO shaft taken out from inside the casing of the self-propelled engine by a separate gear device, but - for boat fishing, the PTO is 0.0% relative to the engine crankshaft rotation speed.
Since the speed is decelerated by about 6 to 0.68, a speed increaser with a speed increase ratio that provides the most suitable rotational speed for the transmission that will be described below, including this deceleration, is arranged.

Assuming that the transmission we are using now is a planetary gear transmission,
The drive shaft and output shaft of a commercially available planetary gear type reduction gear are reversed to work as a speed increaser, and the large-diameter internal gear is modified to be rotatable, and an external additional mechanism is used to give specific commands. When given rotational motion based on When the large-diameter internal gear is rotated in the same direction as the engine at the appropriate rotation speed as the truck starts moving and the engine accelerates, the output shaft of the multi-speed transmission is always a constant rotational speed, and in Attached Figure-1 and Attached Figure-2, No...
・Drive shaft (PTO) rotation speed N,... Same as above Idle rotation speed Nc...
If the rotation speed of the large-diameter internal gear is determined by the theory of planetary gears, Nc = (kNo-N,')/(k-r >k = Speed increase rate... Speed increase rate of planetary gear type speed increaser = (Z, +Z,)
/Z.

By changing the above formula, Output rotation speed = Sun gear shaft rotation speed = N.

= kNo (k l ) Nc The target rotation speed of the load shaft (output shaft) is Na = 320 Orpm as a two-pole commercially available generator: No m'ax = 1910
If rpm is k = N, /Nt = 32001580 attached figure -
As shown in Figure 3, the excessive speed increase of the output shaft due to the speed increase of the drive shaft is offset by the rotation of the large diameter internal gear of the planetary gear mechanism, so the output shaft is always N, "kNt = 5.517 x 580 = 3200. rpm can be maintained, and the planetary gear mechanism can achieve its intended purpose rationally and with almost no loss of power.

When I go into the details of the operation explanation, I would like to explain it using actual numbers in the formulas to make it easier to understand.

Now, as shown by the dotted line in Figure 3, the output shaft rotation speed when there is neither a planetary gear mechanism nor a transmission is N, = k-No.
becomes.

Also, if there is a planetary gear mechanism but no transmission, please refer to the attached diagram.
4, < Nc is proportional to the speed increasing ratio of the pulley (
In this example, the speed is increased in proportion to the speed increase ratio r=1.77), so the second speed at the start is set to No. 1,07.
8 as the starting point, then Nc = 626. At full speed, N = 1,910, so Nc = 1,109.

In this case, the output shaft rotation speed is Since it becomes Na”5 528 / The planned rotation speed of the output shaft should be at least N, = 3,200 + 2.5% =3,283.

In this case, N=1,606, that is, in order to change Nc from 1,109 to 1,606, it is necessary to change the speed using a belt shift type transmission.

Conversely, if we consider the case where the vehicle speed suddenly decelerates, (a) the large-diameter internal gear case is fixed when the vehicle reaches idling speed, so Ne=ON,=3,200 will inevitably occur.

(b) When decelerating to 2nd gear, the rotation speed decreases quickly, so if you set it so that when No is 1,078 in 2nd gear, Nc = 626, regardless of the belt shift time, N, = 3,120 (3,200 -2.5%).

Further, the driving torque of the planetary gear type speed increaser is the load torque of the belt shift type transmission, and is T, = Tomax/(ki) for a 4-ton vehicle]'o max = 18 kg/m Therefore, Tc = 4 kg-m, which means that the transmission capacity is extremely small, being 1/3 to 174th of the transmission capacity of a belt shift type transmission that does not take into account the planetary gear mechanism.

In the case of a belt shift type transmission, as mentioned earlier, the speed range of the gear shift bridge is significantly shortened to 1.109 to 1.606 (rotation difference 497).Direct belt type transmission (without planetary gears) 580~1,
910 (rotation difference 1,330), it is significantly shortened to about 1/3.

Coupled with the fact that it is an escalator type, the time required for shifting is less than 1 second, and normal truck acceleration is possible even on a downhill slope.
About 1.5 seconds, 2.0 to 3.0 seconds on flat or uphill slopes
Since it takes a long time, you can complete the gear shift sufficiently within the time.

As described above, with the new idea of combining the planetary gear mechanism and the belt shift type transmission, it is possible to practically use the fluctuating power whose rotational speed frequently and rapidly fluctuates as constant speed power. This is possible only with the fast and accurate operation of the electrical control system in conjunction with the above-mentioned mechanical mechanism, which will be explained below with reference to Attached Figures 5 and 6.

Drive shaft rotation speed N o, large diameter internal gear case rotation speed Nc.

If a proximity switch is attached to each rotating shaft and operated by a 12 volt DC power supply in order to obtain the output shaft rotational speed N, the pulses output from each proximity switch will correspond to the corresponding digital tachometer. Or it can be taken out as the number of revolutions by a digital tachometer with two-stage preset.

The rotational speed N0Nc sent by two digital tachometers is calculated at high speed within the programmable controller.
A comparison is made.

For Nc=(kNo-N, )/(k-1>, kNo/(k-1) and N,/1 now-as an example
If k=5.517°N, target value = 3 120~3,283/, then ni/ni-1=1. 22 N, / -1 = 691~727 In the programmable controller, Nc is (1,22xNo
691) or (1,22 (clockwise or counterclockwise) direction. The signal transmission and reception from the proximity switch and digital tachometer is at high speed in units of 2/100 to 5/100 seconds, and the calculation and comparison within the programmable controller is in units of 40/loo to 50/100 seconds, and the required calculation time is In order to shorten the time even a little, install a small pulley on the PTO shaft to reduce the rotation speed.
If you take it out as No' (691 or 727)
Only the comparison time is required.

The rotation speed N, which is taken out from the proximity switch with an output shaft via a two-stage preset digital tachometer, is sent in parallel with the increase/deceleration signal for the speed change belt mentioned above, and is the preset value of the output shaft rotation speed. The purpose is to keep it within the range of -2.0% < N, < +2.0% as much as possible to increase the precision of rotation speed setting and to provide a backup for rotation speed adjustment equipment using a programmable controller.

Separately from the above, install a digital tachometer with a two-stage preset to receive the signal from the PTO shaft during idle rotation.N
o ” N

In this case, the reason why the timer was installed on the output side of the digital tachometer with two-stage preset is that the equipment was actually installed later, taking into consideration the inertia of the load, individual differences between drivers, etc., and the transmission or planetary gear by early engagement of the clutch. The purpose is to prevent shocks.

The time required from energizing the electromagnetic clutch to engaging it is approximately 0.
2 to 0.5 seconds, but even more. It shall be adjusted using a timer of 1 to 1.0 seconds.

In addition, a small hydraulic cylinder can be used instead of the motor for increasing and decelerating the transmission.

As shown in Figure 1 with Example, the PTO shaft taken out from the engine (1) via the reduction gear is well known for commercial trucks, but this PTO shaft (2) and output shaft (16)
) is connected on the same shaft with a flange, but a belt shift type transmission ( 11
) and arrange it like a vine.

In addition, a planetary gear type speed increaser (10) is installed in parallel on the same axis as the optical pulley (3) on the extension line of the PTO shaft (2), and there are three planetary gear type speed increasers as shown in attached figure 2. It is used as a speed increaser by connecting the center of the link connecting the planetary gears as one set to the human power shaft as one shaft, and connecting the sun gear shaft to (16) as the output shaft. The large-diameter internal gear is fixed to the pulley (4) with a large-diameter flange around the case so that the large-diameter internal gear is driven and rotated by a pair of pulleys (4) and (4') from the outside together with the case.

The structure of a belt shift type transmission is well known, but a pair of pulleys, which are placed opposite each other on transmission shaft A (5) and transmission shaft B (6), slide laterally on each shaft. The motor (12) can be rotated to increase speed or decelerate depending on the direction of rotation of the motor (12). When the distance between the driving pulleys is narrowed, the distance between the driven pulleys increases, which changes the radius of the belt and changes the gear ratio.The material used for the belt is particularly strong and has excellent abrasion resistance. In addition, the speed change motor must be rotated at as high a speed as possible to shorten the belt shift time.

An electromagnetic clutch (7) is installed in parallel on the drive side transmission shaft A (5) so as to be in close contact with the pulley (3'), and when the clutch is engaged by the exciting current, the transmission shaft A (5) and the pulley ( 3') is fixed, and by stopping the excitation current, the armature I11 and rotor side of the clutch are released.
Since the armature side is fixed to the transmission shaft A (5), the rotor side idles around the transmission shaft A (5) according to the pulleys (3') and (3).

On the other hand, a pulley (4
') and the pulley and belt (4) facing this
The large-diameter internal gear case of the planetary gear mechanism can be driven through the planetary gear mechanism.

This pulley (4') is fixed to the transmission shaft B (6), but the armature IIJ of the electromagnetic clutch (8) is also fixed to the same axis.While the current of the electromagnetic clutch (8) is cut off, the pulley remains fixed. (4) (4') and electromagnetic clutch (
The armature side of 8) and the transmission shaft B (6) rotate together, and the rotation of the transmission shaft (6) is controlled by a planetary gear mechanism (lO
), but as mentioned earlier, when the electromagnetic clutch (7) current is cut off, the electromagnetic clutch (8) is energized and connected to the rotor side flange of the electromagnetic clutch (8). The fixed flange (9) installed stops both the transmission and both shafts (5) and (6). Therefore, the rotation of the large-diameter internal gear case of the planetary gear mechanism also stops.

The ON/OFF operation of the electromagnetic clutches (7) and (8) as described above is performed by setting the idle rotation speed (580 rpm in this example) at the lower limit of the digital tachometer with two-stage preset, and the rotation speed at the start of second gear (580 rpm in this example) at the upper limit. In this example, 1,078 rpm) is preset, and a proximity switch installed on the PTO shaft sends the current rotation speed of the PTO shaft to the digital tachometer, and when the number reaches the lower limit, the clutch (7)
is turned OFF, the clutch (8) is turned ON, and the transmission shafts A (5) and B (6) are both fixed, and the large diameter internal gear case of the planetary gear mechanism is stopped.

At this time, as shown in Figure 3, the output shaft rotation speed is N.

is the scheduled constant rotation speed (3,200 in this example). When the forked truck starts moving and the PTO axis exceeds the upper preset value (1,078 in this example), the electromagnetic clutch (8
) is turned OFF and released from fixation, and the electromagnetic clutch (7
) is turned on, and transmission shafts A (5) and B (6) start rotating. At this time, the internal calculation and comparison of the programmable controller begins and the rotational speed Nc of the large-diameter internal tooth case of the planetary gear mechanism is calculated as follows: In the example mentioned in...1.22No.
727<Nc<1.22No The gear ratio of the belt shift type transmission is automatically changed so that it is within the range of 691, and the rotation speed of the sun gear shaft of the planetary gear mechanism immediately determines the rotation speed of the output shaft. As seen in Attached Figure-3 Attached Figure-4 <3,1
It can be maintained within the range of 20<N, <3,283.

On the other hand, if the speed suddenly decelerates while driving, for example, the second gear (PTO) rotation speed = 1,078, as shown in attached figure 4 (the rotation speed of the large diameter internal gear case of the planetary gear mechanism is decelerated to 5-10 erpm). However, the rotational speed of the output shaft decreases to 3.12 Orpm and stabilizes.

Also, when the car suddenly stops and reaches the idle speed (PT
Since the planetary gear mechanism large-diameter internal gear case stops at O rotation speed = 580 rpm, the output shaft rotation speed is 3.200 rpm.
becomes.

In this way, change in vehicle speed 1. Even when the rotational speed of the power shaft fluctuates up and down due to a stop, etc., the output shaft (in this example, the generator) is always It is possible to put into practical use a variable power constant speed device J that can adjust the rotation speed fluctuation rate of the motor to within at least 2.5%. Moreover, the electric power was almost negligible, and the mechanical efficiency could be secured to about 90%.

In addition, if the planetary gear type speed increaser is omitted and the speed change is performed only by a belt shift type transmission as shown in Figure 7, the speed range of the speed change will be large, and the transmission itself must be large. This increases the time required for belt shifting. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to divide the gear shift into at least 4 stages, install a digital tachometer with a two-stage preset for the expected rotation speed for each stage, and send a command signal for each stage. In addition, in case the belt shift of the transmission cannot keep up with the speed change of the power shaft, the electromagnetic clutch is momentarily turned off and the belt shift is carried out.
Safety measures such as waiting for the shift to complete before engaging the electromagnetic clutch again are required.

G. Effects of the present invention As is clear from the above explanation, the present invention is effective against speed fluctuations during driving, such as diesel engines for self-propelled propulsion of trucks or ships, whose engine speed fluctuates considerably while driving. Take out the power of constant speed rotation regardless of the
Alternatively, it is possible to extract practical constant-speed rotational power from a power source with complex speed fluctuations and a wide range of power sources, such as wave power, so it has high mechanical and electrical efficiency and is resistant to fluctuations in input power. It is a "variable power constant speed device J" that is extremely stable, reliable, and economical because it has an extremely fast follow-up speed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an overall layout diagram showing the configuration of essential parts of an embodiment of the present invention. Attached Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the main parts of the planetary gear mechanism. Attached Figure 3 is a function graph explaining the action of the planetary gear type speed increaser and belt shift type transmission. Attached Figure 4 is the rotation speed of the large diameter internal gear case. and a line graph showing the speed change relationship of the belt shift type transmission. and - rotational speed table by example. Attached Figure 5 is a diagram showing the arrangement of electrical parts for operation and the operation system. Attached Figure 6 is the same circuit diagram as above. Attached Figure 7 is an overall layout diagram showing the configuration of main parts in the case where the planetary gear mechanism is omitted as a second embodiment of the present invention. Nc Rotation speed N Generator @ Rotation procedure amendment form (voluntary) 2 411 1999 Engetsu San each day

Claims (1)

[Claims] The power source is a rotating shaft whose rotation speed changes frequently and rapidly, and a conventional automatic transmission and a planetary gear type speed increaser are installed on this shaft to improve the speed change performance of the transmission and the characteristics of the planetary gear mechanism. By adding these and connecting them with electronic functions such as a digital tachometer for high-speed operation, when the rotation speed of the power shaft increases, the output shaft rotation speed is immediately lowered, and when the rotation speed of the power shaft decreases, the output shaft rotation speed is reduced. A variable power constant speed device that is characterized by always producing an output at a constant rotation speed by immediately increasing the output shaft rotation speed.