JPH0362682B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a repellent for adult longhorn beetles containing an extract of neem as an active ingredient. Various insects cause damage to plants, but longhorn beetles in particular damage fruit trees such as grapes and mandarin oranges, trees such as pine and cedar, and mulberry trees, causing great damage to agriculture, forestry, and the silkworm industry. It is a harmful pest. The main forms of damage caused by longhorn beetles are the larvae that damage the xylem, such as the longhorn beetles on grapes, the mulberry longhorn beetles, the longhorn beetles on mulberries, the Japanese cedar longhorn beetles on cedar, the white longhorn beetles on shiitake mushrooms, and the longhorn beetles. However, there are cases, such as the pine beetle, in which adults transmit pathogens during their afterfeeding. Methods for controlling longhorn beetles include adult control methods aimed at preventing afterfeeding or spawning, and larval control methods aimed at preventing damage. The former uses emulsions or wettable powders of insecticides such as fenitrothion (MEP) and carbaryl (NAC), while the latter uses ethylene bromide (fenitrothion (MEP), fenthioate (PAP), and fenthion (MPP)). A mixed insecticide emulsion or oil containing EDB) is used. However, there are many problems in using such pesticides effectively. In other words, in order to control adult insects, pesticides must be sprayed over a wide area at once, and in the case of longhorn beetles, the generation period of adult insects is only one.
Because it lasts for ~3 months, pesticides must be sprayed several times during that time. Spraying pesticides over a wide area and many times may cause environmental pollution due to residual pesticides and disturbance of biota including natural enemies. In addition, because spraying liquid used is 10 to 100 times more concentrated than usual to control larvae, there are many cases of poisoning among those involved in spraying. Therefore, the present inventors conducted extensive research to provide a method for controlling longhorn beetles that can avoid such problems. As a result, we found that neem extract is safe for the human body, has a strong repellent effect on adult longhorn beetles, controls the behavior of adult longhorn beetles, and has a remarkable effect on preventing afterfeeding and spawning. , based on this knowledge, completed the present invention. That is, the present invention provides a repellent for adult longhorn beetles characterized by containing an extract of neem in an organic solvent or a water-containing organic solvent as an active ingredient. The longhorn beetles that are the object of the present invention are not particularly limited, and include, for example, the longhorn beetles, the mulberry longhorn beetles, the longhorn beetles, the Japanese cedar longhorn beetles, the white longhorn beetles, the long-eared longhorn beetles, the long-eared longhorn beetles, the pine longhorn beetles, the long-eared longhorn beetles, the long-eared longhorn beetles, and the long-eared longhorn beetles. Neem, which is the raw material of the present invention, is called neem, Melia azadirachta, or Melia azadirachta, and it reaches a height of about 15 meters and is widely distributed and grown in Southeast Asia, mainly in the Indian Himalayas. It is an evergreen tree. It is a sacred tree in India and is used as a street tree and shade tree. The leaves are large, serrated and whorled, similar to a melium, and the small white flowers bloom, emitting a honey-like fragrance. Seeds are beads, seed oil is medicinal,
The bark is called kurenpi in Chinese medicine, and it is boiled and used to exterminate roundworms, tapeworms, etc., and to treat malarial fever. The neem extract used in the present invention is produced as follows. Neem, such as its bark, leaves,
At least one of the twigs, fruits and seeds is dried and shredded, an organic solvent or a water-containing organic solvent is added thereto, and sufficient extraction is carried out at room temperature or under heat in a conventional manner, after which the extraction residue is separated and extracted from the liquid. Obtained by distilling off or concentrating the solvent. Organic solvents or water-containing organic solvents used for extraction include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and octanol; propylene glycol;
Polyols such as ethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and glycerin; methyl ether,
Ethers such as ethyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; Ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and acetone; Esters such as ethyl acetate;
Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloroethane; hydrocarbons such as hexane, isooctane, kerosene, paraffin, benzene, toluene, and xylene, and hydrated products thereof. Among these solvents, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ethers such as methyl ether and ethyl ether, and hydrocarbons such as n-hexane are preferred. Extracts can be obtained in the form of oil, extract, absolute, oleorange, syrup, essence, tincture, etc. depending on the solvent used.
It can be used as a repellent even in that form. The extract can be purified by molecular distillation, column purification, etc., but these methods are not particularly necessary for this purpose. Among the extracts, oil from seeds may be obtained by pressing. The adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention can be used by preparing a neem extract into various forms suitable for the application area and method of application using a suitable carrier, such as powder, liquid, solid, etc. It is also possible to apply it as is. To prepare a solution, consider the carrier to be used depending on the extracted solvent and select an appropriate solvent, such as water; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; Examples include hydrocarbons such as hexane, kerosene, petroleum benzine, benzene, and toluene; esters such as ethyl acetate; and halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane. Also,
The extract may be dissolved directly in an emulsifier. Furthermore, by blending commonly used additives such as film forming agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, spreading agents, wetting agents, stabilizers, and propellants, we can create coating forms, adhesive forms, emulsions, wettable powders, It can be used in any desired form such as suspension or aerosol. Examples of carriers used in the preparation of solid agents include mineral powders such as silicic acid, kaolin, activated carbon, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, talc, clay, calcium carbonate, and ceramic powder; vegetable powders such as wood flour, soybean flour, wheat flour, and starch. Powders; examples include clathrate compounds such as cyclodextrin, and are used in forms such as powders, tablets, and air sprays. Furthermore, using a sublimable carrier such as tricyclodecane or cyclododecane or a sublimable pesticide such as paradichlorobenzene, naphthalene, or camphor, the neem extract is melt-mixed or crushed and mixed and then molded to produce a sublimable solid agent. Alternatively, the neem extract can be adsorbed or mixed with plastic to form a resin molded product. Furthermore, known repellents, potency enhancers, antioxidants, bactericides, fungicides, colorants, and the like may be added to the adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention. To control adult longhorn beetles using the adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention, the adult longhorn beetle repellent is applied directly or indirectly to the fruit trees, trees, etc. to be protected, and the repellent is applied directly or indirectly to the fruit trees, trees, etc. to be protected. All you have to do is repel the longhorn beetles that fly in for the purpose. The specific method is to directly spray the neem extract itself, or a solution diluted with an appropriate solvent, or in a liquid, powder, or granule form depending on the application situation, on the fruit trees, trees, etc. For example, a method of coating the material is exemplified. Furthermore, the adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention can also be used in combination with other known longhorn beetle repellents. The amount of neem extract to be applied in the adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention may be appropriately determined depending on the dosage form, application method, application location, etc., and is not particularly limited. When spraying or coating on fields, 0.5 to 5 g/m ² of the extract is often used, and when spraying on fields, 0.01 to 0.1 g/m ² is often used. Since the adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention as described above contains an extract of neem, which is a natural product safe for the human body, as an active ingredient, it does not cause environmental pollution or natural enemies even if used over a wide range and many times. There is no risk of disturbing the biota, including biota, and there is no problem of poisoning among sprayers. Moreover, the adult longhorn beetle repellent of the present invention exhibits a remarkable effect of preventing afterfeeding and egg-laying of various longhorn beetles. Next, the present invention will be explained in detail using Examples and Test Examples. Production Example 1 Two pieces of n-hexane were added to 200 g of shredded dried neem seeds, and extraction was performed at room temperature for about one day. The resulting extraction mixture was filtered to obtain an n-hexane extract. Add n-hexane 2 to the extraction residue again.
was added, and the extraction process was carried out at room temperature for about 1 day. This operation was performed three times in total, and three portions of the n-hexane extract were collected and concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain 19.8 g of a reddish brown viscous liquid. Production Example 2 The same procedure as Production Example 1 was carried out except that ethyl ether 3 was used for 300 g of dried shredded neem leaves and twigs to obtain 12.6 g of a brown viscous liquid. Example 1 80 parts of the extract obtained in Production Example 1 above, 5 parts of "Himar 326H" (manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) as an emulsifier
and 15 parts of xylene were mixed and stirred to prepare an emulsion. Example 2 1 part of the extract obtained in Production Example 1 above, 15 parts of titanium oxide as a white pigment, and "Boncourt 9305H" (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Co., Ltd.) as a film agent
A coating agent was prepared by mixing and stirring 84 parts of polyvinyl acetate (50% polyvinyl acetate). Example 3 A powder was prepared by mixing and stirring 1 part of the extract obtained in Production Example 2 and 99 parts of clay as an extender. Test Example 1 The emulsion prepared in Example 1 was diluted 100 times with tap water and then 200 times
Apply the diluted solution to 1 m ² on the crown of a pine tree.
300 c.c. per spray was applied. One week after spraying, the tips of pine branches were cut and moved to a screened room indoors, and 10 adult beetles of the pine beetle were released into the screened room.
The afterfeeding rate was investigated 48 hours after the insects were released. A similar test was also conducted one month after the spraying. The results are shown in Table-1.

[Table] Untreated area Treated area
−
Amount of after-meal Amount of after-meal *1 After-meal rate =

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A repellent for adult longhorn beetles characterized by containing an extract of neem in an organic solvent or a water-containing organic solvent as an active ingredient. 2. The repellent according to claim 1, wherein the neem is at least one of its bark, leaves, twigs, fruits, and seeds. 3. The repellent according to claim 1, wherein the neem extract is neem oil.