JPH0363596B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a soil conditioner containing microorganisms. [Conventional technology] Soil improvement involves chemical improvement, mainly PH and inorganic nutrient balance, physical improvement, mainly water permeability, air permeability, and water retention, and biological improvement, mainly related to the activities of beneficial soil microorganisms. Improvements can be mentioned. Various soil conditioners have been known for a long time, but
All of these improve one or two of the above characteristics, and nothing that comprehensively improves the above characteristics is known yet. For example, methods of improving soil using slag and coal ash are known, but slag and coal ash are strongly alkaline, and although they are effective in improving acidic soil, they often cause alkaline damage. In addition, if the amount of slag or coal ash added is reduced in an attempt to avoid this, the soil will return to acidic soil in a short period of time, and the effect will no longer last. Another disadvantage of slag is that it hardens the soil due to hydraulic reactions. Furthermore, slag and coal ash have a weak ability to absorb fertilizer, and the fertilizer is easily washed away by rainwater. A known method for improving physical properties is to disperse and mix styrofoam particles into soil, but this simply creates voids in the soil, and in the event of heavy rain, etc., the voids will enhance the drainage effect. Foamed particles float out of the soil and flow onto the soil surface,
The soil improvement effect was lost, and the fertilizer was often washed away along with it. Also, an application regarding a soil activator in which soil microorganisms are adsorbed to vermiculite etc.
However, it cannot be said to be sufficient to prevent decomposition of hydrocarbons and adsorption of ethylene, which are harmful to plant roots, and furthermore, it cannot be said to be sufficient to prevent damage to continuous cropping. This cannot be said to be true. Today, with the development of various soil improvers,
Although it has become relatively easy to improve the physical and chemical properties, there are currently no sufficient measures to improve the biological properties, especially to prevent continuous cropping problems. In other words, measures to prevent continuous cropping damage are the most important issue faced by modern agriculture, but in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to comprehensively combine and work together chemical, physical, and biological properties. There is no soil conditioner that performs this function, and there has been a desire to develop a comprehensive soil conditioner that is highly effective in preventing continuous cropping problems. [Problems to be solved by the invention] The present invention does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional soil conditioners, can improve all of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil, and prevents continuous cropping failure. The purpose is to provide a soil improvement agent that can improve soil quality. [Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the gist of the present invention is that 4 to 4.75 parts by weight of coal ash, 4 to 4.75 parts by weight of slag, and 0.5 parts by weight of zeolide.
The soil conditioner comprises a base material containing 2 to 2 parts by weight of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and 0.2 to 2% molasses based on the base material. The coal ash used in the present invention is rich in boron and potassium, and the slag is rich in calcium and magnesium but low in boron and potassium, so when they are combined, the inorganic fertilizer components are well balanced. However, this alone does not solve the disadvantages of easy alkal damage, hardening of soil due to hydraulic reaction, and weak fertilizer trapping ability. However, 5 to 20% zeolite is added to this.
A soil conditioner formulated in the following manner will not cause alkaline damage even when added sufficiently, and will be able to maintain alkalinity over a long period of time. Also, unlike vermiculite used in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-40723, zeolide has the characteristics of not only high ion exchange properties but also excellent functions such as ethylene absorption and prevention of hydrocarbon generation. Because of this, microorganisms have good storage stability and have the effect of suppressing the activity of harmful anaerobic microorganisms. The ratio of coal ash to slag is preferably 1:0.5 to 2, more preferably 1:1. Coal ash in the form of ordinary fine powder can be used. Slag includes blast furnace slag, converter slag,
Any electric furnace slag can be used, but
Blast furnace slag is preferred because of its composition. The slag is preferably in the form of fine particles, and granulated slag is preferably used. If the amount of zeolite added is less than 0.5%, the effect of the above-mentioned addition of zeolite will not be sufficiently exhibited, and if it is added in excess of 20%, there will be no further effect, and this will only lead to an increase in cost. In the present invention, the photosynthetic bacteria to be adsorbed to the substrate include purple sulfur bacteria such as Thiospirillum, Chromateium, Thiocysteis, Thiopedia, and Ectothiorhodospira, Rhodobacillus, Rhodococcus,
Examples include purple sulfur-free bacteria such as Rhodospirillum and Rhodoseudomonas, green sulfur bacteria such as Chlorobium and Prostecochloris, and purple non-sulfur bacteria are most preferably used. As the actinomycete, any actinomycete that is normally found in soil can be used. Molasses not only prevents the hardening of slag and coal ash, but also
It is added so that the adsorbed microorganisms can reproduce uniformly and rapidly, and it is added to the base material at a concentration of 0.2 to
If it is within the range of 2%, it can fully fulfill its role. In addition, since slag and coal ash have passed through high temperatures, they are almost sterile, and since they are strongly alkaline, there is no risk of bacteria forming even when molasses is added. The soil conditioner of the present invention is 1. Molasses, urea, fish meal, manure, etc. However, the fish meal and manure are once sterilized by heat treatment, and yeast is added thereto and cultured with aeration. 2 Particularly, actinobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are added to a part of this, and aerated culture is carried out at 40 to 50°C while exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, and this liquid is adsorbed to zeolite. 3 Take a portion of 1, add photosynthetic bacteria to it, culture it anaerobically, and adsorb this liquid onto zeolite. 4 It can be obtained by mixing the adsorbed zeolite obtained in 2 and the adsorbed zeolite obtained in 3 with coal ash and slag to which molasses is added in an amount of 0.2 to 2% based on the base material. The ratio of yeast, actinobacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria in 2 is 30
~70:15~35: preferably 15~35, 40
It is more preferable that it is 60:20-30:20-30. The mixture of zeolite 2 and zeolite 3 is preferably such that the ratio of actinobacteria to photosynthetic bacteria is 1:2 to 4. Zeolite to which useful microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and filamentous bacteria have been adsorbed may be further mixed. [Effects of the Invention] The soil conditioner of the present invention has a good balance of inorganic fertilizer components because coal ash and slag are present in a suitable ratio, and since zeolite coexists, it does not contain alkalis despite the presence of strong alkalis. It has the advantage that it does not cause any damage and the alkali effect lasts for a long time.Since the coal ash and slag are exposed to high temperatures, there are no harmful bacteria, and after the zeolite and alkali are removed, Slag is a porous material with ion exchange ability and serves as a home for useful microorganisms. In addition, yeast, actinomycetes, and photosynthetic bacteria are adsorbed to zeolite, and the bacterial bodies that are adsorbed to zeolite and mixed with slag and coal ash have no competing bacteria, and because of their aikali nature, they can be stored dormant. The conditions are suitable and it can be stored stably for a long period of time, and the molasses added when mixed with the soil activates yeast activity and at the same time stabilizes useful microorganisms such as actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria. Breed. As a result, in conjunction with the ion exchange ability of slag and zeolide and the ability to decompose harmful hydrocarbon compounds, in addition to directly suppressing harmful bacteria, it also prevents the generation of hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide that promote the growth of harmful anaerobic bacteria. It is effective in preventing and reducing continuous crop failure, and is also highly effective in suppressing nematodes. Furthermore, since it is a porous material, its air permeability and water permeability are moderately improved, making it possible to improve soil in an unprecedented manner. Also,
The addition of molasses is not only effective in preventing solidification caused by slag and coal ash, but it is also extremely effective in proliferating the adsorbed effective microorganisms without the generation of miscellaneous bacteria, and plays a role that determines the status of priority bacteria. have. Using actinomycetes alone instead of the combination of actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria in the present invention may initially be effective, but the activity of actinomycetes is reduced, whereas the combination of the present invention reduces the activity of actinomycetes. There is no decline. In addition, a mixture of zeolite adsorbed with actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria obtained in step 2 above and zeolite adsorbed with photosynthetic bacteria cultivated anaerobically in step 3 above has a greater effect on eliminating nematodes than one in which the zeolite obtained in step 3 is not mixed. It has the characteristic of being extremely high. [Examples] The present invention will be explained in more detail below using Examples. Example 1 Yeast was added to 200 g of an aqueous solution containing 2 kg of molasses, 100 g of urea, and 2 kg of fish meal, and cultured at 30° C. for 3 days with aeration. Approximately 2/3 of this was divided into actinomycete Actinomyces histreptosporangium, photosynthetic bacteria Rhodosyudomonas, Rhodovitilis, and
Add Rhodococcus, adjust the pH to 7.0 to 7.5, and heat the mixture to 40 to 50℃ while stirring while exposing it to sunlight.
The cells were cultured for 4 days. On the other hand, photosynthetic bacteria Rhodoseudomonas, Rhodobacillus, and Rhodocoticus were added to the remaining 1/3 of the yeast fermentation solution, and anaerobic culture was performed at 30°C for 4 days. Five kilograms of zeolite fine particles were added to each of these two culture solutions, mixed, adsorbed, and then taken out and dried. Both of these were uniformly mixed with 45 kg of granulated blast furnace slag and 45 kg of coal ash in a mixer to obtain a soil conditioner. 30kg of this was sown per area in the strongly acidic heavy clay red soil of Onna Village in northern Okinawa's main island, then 10kg per area one year later, and 5kg after that one year, and cultivated sugarcane and spinach. The results are shown in Table 1. Example 2 The improver obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was used at 30 kg per are in a continuous cropping house in Nishihara Town, central Okinawa Prefecture, where damage by nematodes is particularly severe, and a test was conducted on five consecutive crops of tomatoes. The results are shown in Table 2 in comparison with those without treatment.

【table】

[Table] Tomatoes are a crop that commonly suffers from continuous cropping problems, and even if no nematodes occur, the yield will drop significantly. The results in Table 2 show that the improving agent of the present invention not only significantly suppresses the occurrence of nematodes, but is also effective in preventing continuous cropping damage caused by causes other than nematodes.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. 4 to 4.75 parts by weight of coal ash, 4 to 4.75 parts by weight of slag.
A base material consisting of parts by weight and 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of zeolite, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and 0.2 parts by weight of zeolite.
A soil improvement agent containing ~2% molasses. 2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the slag is blast furnace slag. 3. The soil improvement agent according to claim 1, wherein the coal ash and slag are equal parts by weight.