JPH0364594B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0364594B2 JPH0364594B2 JP62145171A JP14517187A JPH0364594B2 JP H0364594 B2 JPH0364594 B2 JP H0364594B2 JP 62145171 A JP62145171 A JP 62145171A JP 14517187 A JP14517187 A JP 14517187A JP H0364594 B2 JPH0364594 B2 JP H0364594B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- corrosion resistance
- resistance
- steel
- magnetic
- nonmagnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 59
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 59
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
〔発明の目的〕
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は耐隙間腐食性に優れたMn非磁性鋼に
関する。
（従来の技術）
高Mn非磁性鋼は従来知られているCr−Ni系非
磁性鋼より低廉であること、耐摩耗性、加工硬化
性に優れていることから、各種構成材料として注
目されている。その用途はタービン発電機や誘導
電動機の回転子バインド線、ジヤイロコンパス、
鉄心締付スタツド、ブラウン管用非磁性電極、船
舶用クランクシヤフトなど過電流を避けたり、磁
力線を乱したくない部位が主である。
高Mn非磁性鋼は非磁性や強度を得るためにオ
ーステナイト主成元素であるＣやMnを多量に添
加したもので、通常非磁性を得るためには、例え
ば0.5％のＣと10〜15％以上のMn添加が必要とさ
れている。しかし、このような材料の高Ｃ、高
Mn化は材料の機械的強度を向上させる反面、耐
食性を著しく低下させる。
耐食性を向上させることを目的にCrの量を高
めた高Mn非磁性鋼も開発されている。Cr量の増
加は非磁性を得るために必要なＣやMn量を減少
させることができ、その結果Crの添加とＣ、Mn
の減少があいまつて高Mn非磁性鋼の耐食性を若
干向上させるが、より一層の高Cr化を行なつて
も炭化物の析出が増加させられるため、耐食性、
特に耐隙間腐食性、耐孔食性、耐応力腐食割れ性
（以下耐SCC性と称す）の著しい向上は期待でき
ない。加うるに、著しいCr量の増加はデルタフ
エライトを生成し、非磁性としての特性を減ずる
ことから、高Ｃを含む高Mn非磁性鋼の耐食性を
向上させるにはCr量の添加は有効ではない。
ところで、一般に知られているように、オース
テナイト系ステンレス鋼（非磁性鋼）は耐力が低
く、また熱処理による強化も期待できないことか
ら高Mn非磁性鋼においても、ＣやMnの多量添
加により機会的強度の向上を計つてはいるが、そ
の耐力は通常50Kg／mm2以下である。従つて、船舶
用クランクシヤフトなど高い耐力が要求される部
材では冷間加工により耐力を高め使用されてい
る。近年材料に要求される機械的強度は高くなる
傾向にあり、従つてその冷間加工率も上昇してき
ているがそれに伴い材料のSCC感受性は極めて高
くなつてきている。さらに、高Mn非磁性鋼の使
用分野の拡大により、隙間腐食が問題となつてい
る。すなわち、絶縁材のような腐食電位が貴な材
料との接触時に海水などのような腐食媒体が使用
した場合、高Mn非磁性鋼は隙間腐食を生じ、材
料の信頼性の上で大きな問題となる。
以上のことから耐均一腐食性、耐孔食性、耐隙
間腐食性、耐SCC性に優れた高Mn非磁性鋼を提
供することにある。
〔発明の構成〕
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明は高Mn非磁性鋼のＣ量を減じ、Ｎ量を
高めることにより、従来、高Mn非磁性鋼の欠点
であるとされていた耐均一耐食性、耐孔食性、耐
隙間腐食性、耐SCC性が向上することを見いだし
たことにある。すなわち、重量パーセントで0.4
％以下の炭素、0.3％を越え１％までの窒素、２
％以下のケイ素、12〜20％のクロム、13〜25％の
マンガン、５％以下のモリブデン、残部が実質的
に鉄であり、かつクロムとマンガンの総量が30％
以上である耐食非磁性鋼であり、耐均一腐食性、
耐孔食性、耐隙間腐食性、耐SCC性に優れた非磁
性鋼である。加えて前記鋼は冷間加工によつて
も、加工誘起マルテンサイト変態することなく安
定な非磁性を示す。
（作用）
以下本発明に係る耐食非磁性鋼を組成限定理由
を述べる。
炭素(C)；炭素はオーステナイト相を安定させ、強
度を向上させるが、過剰の添加は耐均一腐食
性、耐孔食性、耐隙間腐食性、耐SCC性および
靭生を害することから、上限を0.4％とする。
なお耐食性、強度の観点からは0.3以下とする
ことが望ましい。
窒素（Ｎ）；窒素は本発明上特に重要な元素で、
オーステナイト相を安定させ、強度を向上させ
ると同時に、耐孔食性、耐SCC性を向上させる
ために0.3％を越える添加が必要である。しか
し過剰の添加は靭性を害すること、また窒素を
添加するために、高圧が必要となることから上
限を１％とするが、ミクロポアの発生などの観
点より、0.4〜0.8％とすることが望ましい。
ケイ素（Si）；ケイ素は鋼の溶製時に脱酸剤とし
て作用するとともに、湯流れ性をよくするが、
過剰の添加は靭性の害することから上限を２％
とする。
クロム（Cr）；クロムは非磁性を得るために必要
な炭素量、窒素量、マンガン量を減少させ、ま
た耐均一腐食性、耐隙間腐食性を向上させるた
めに12％以上の添加が必要であるが、過剰の添
加はフエライトを生成し非磁性としての特性を
減ずることから上限を20％とする。なお、非磁
性と耐隙間腐食性の両者を十分発揮させるため
には13％以上17.5％未満とすることが望まし
い。
マンガン（Mn）；マンガンはオーステナイト相
を安定させ、強度、加工硬化性、耐隙間腐食性
を向上させるために13％以上の添加が必要であ
るが、過剰の添加は加工性を害することから上
限を25％とする。なお、強度、非磁性、耐食
性、加工硬化性を勘案すると、15〜24％とする
ことが望ましい。
モリブデン（Mo）；モリブデンは耐孔食性を向
上させるが、過剰の添加は靭性を害することか
ら上限を５％とする。
また上記組成範囲において、マンガンとクロム
の総量が30％以上でないと耐隙間腐食性が低いこ
とから、マンガンとクロムは総量として30％以上
必要であり、好ましくは32％以上、より好ましく
は32.38％以上である。
本発明の高Mn非磁性鋼は優れた耐均一腐食
性、耐孔食性、耐隙間腐食性、耐SCC性を有し、
かつ冷間加工によつても加工誘起マルテンサイト
を形成せず、非磁性としての特性を減ずることが
ないことから、腐食環境下で使用される発電機用
部材、核融合炉用構造部材、船舶用部材など耐食
性、強度が要求される非磁性鋼として用いられ
る。
（実施例）
以下、実施例、比較例をもつて本発明に係る耐
食性非磁性鋼を詳細に説明する。
高周波誘導溶解炉により第１表に示す組成を有
する23鋼種の非磁性鋼を溶製した。なお実施例
１、２および比較例13〜21は窒素圧を３〜10気圧
にして窒素添加した。その後1200〜900℃で熱間
鍛造し、さらに1100℃、２時間の固溶化処理を施
し水冷した。その後真応力が130Kg／mm2になるま
で一軸冷間加工を行ない、ひき続き350℃、２時
間の歪取り処理を行なつた後、板材を切り出し
た。
全面腐食試験、孔食試験は、試験片を３％
NaCl人工海水中に30日間浸漬して行ない、目視
観察、生成した孔食数、最大孔食深さを測定し
た。なお孔食数は面積160mm2に発生した総孔食数
である。隙間腐食試験は、試験片と直径３mmのガ
ラス棒を接触させて行ない、３％NaCl人工海水
中に30日間浸漬した後、その腐食深さを測定し
た。SCC試験は３点曲げ試験法を用い、３％
NaCl中にて最大引張応力50Kg／mm2で行ない粒界
割れの有無を調べた。また磁気特性は真応力130
Kg／mm2まで冷間加工したときの比透磁率の大きさ
を導磁率計を用いて測定した。これらの結果をま
とめて第２表に示す。
[Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a Mn nonmagnetic steel with excellent crevice corrosion resistance. (Prior art) High Mn nonmagnetic steel is attracting attention as a material for various constructions because it is cheaper than conventionally known Cr-Ni nonmagnetic steel and has excellent wear resistance and work hardening properties. There is. Its uses include rotor binding wires for turbine generators and induction motors, gyroscope compasses,
Mainly used in parts where it is desired to avoid overcurrent or disturb magnetic lines of force, such as iron core tightening studs, non-magnetic electrodes for cathode ray tubes, and crankshafts for ships. High Mn nonmagnetic steel is made by adding a large amount of C and Mn, which are the main elements of austenite, in order to obtain nonmagnetism and strength. Usually, in order to obtain nonmagnetism, for example, 0.5% C and 10 to 15% The above amount of Mn addition is required. However, the high C, high
Although Mnization improves the mechanical strength of the material, it significantly reduces the corrosion resistance. High-Mn nonmagnetic steels with increased Cr content have also been developed to improve corrosion resistance. Increasing the amount of Cr can reduce the amount of C and Mn required to obtain nonmagnetism, and as a result, the addition of Cr and the amount of C and Mn
The decrease in Cr slightly improves the corrosion resistance of high-Mn nonmagnetic steel.
In particular, significant improvements in crevice corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, and stress corrosion cracking resistance (hereinafter referred to as SCC resistance) cannot be expected. In addition, a significant increase in the amount of Cr produces delta ferrite and reduces the nonmagnetic properties, so adding Cr is not effective in improving the corrosion resistance of high C and high Mn nonmagnetic steels. . By the way, as is generally known, austenitic stainless steel (non-magnetic steel) has low yield strength and cannot be expected to be strengthened by heat treatment. Although efforts are being made to improve strength, the yield strength is usually less than 50 kg/mm 2 . Therefore, in parts that require high yield strength, such as crankshafts for ships, cold working is used to increase the yield strength. In recent years, the mechanical strength required of materials has tended to increase, and as a result, the cold working rate has also increased, but as a result, the susceptibility of materials to SCC has become extremely high. Furthermore, with the expansion of the fields of use of high-Mn non-magnetic steels, crevice corrosion has become a problem. In other words, if a corrosive medium such as seawater is used when it comes into contact with a material with a high corrosion potential such as an insulating material, high Mn non-magnetic steel will suffer crevice corrosion, which will cause a major problem in terms of material reliability. Become. Based on the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-Mn nonmagnetic steel that has excellent uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance. [Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention reduces the C content and increases the N content of high Mn nonmagnetic steel, thereby solving the problems that have conventionally been considered to be drawbacks of high Mn nonmagnetic steel. It was discovered that uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance were improved. i.e. 0.4 in weight percent
% carbon, more than 0.3% up to 1% nitrogen, 2
% silicon, 12-20% chromium, 13-25% manganese, 5% molybdenum, the balance substantially iron, and the total amount of chromium and manganese is 30%
It is a corrosion-resistant non-magnetic steel with a uniform corrosion resistance,
A non-magnetic steel with excellent pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance. In addition, the steel exhibits stable nonmagnetism even during cold working without undergoing deformation-induced martensitic transformation. (Function) The reasons for limiting the composition of the corrosion-resistant nonmagnetic steel according to the present invention will be described below. Carbon (C): Carbon stabilizes the austenite phase and improves strength, but excessive addition impairs uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, SCC resistance, and toughness, so the upper limit should be set. Set at 0.4%.
In addition, from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance and strength, it is desirable to set it to 0.3 or less. Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen is a particularly important element in the present invention,
Addition of more than 0.3% is necessary to stabilize the austenite phase and improve strength, as well as to improve pitting corrosion resistance and SCC resistance. However, the upper limit is set at 1% because excessive addition impairs toughness and high pressure is required to add nitrogen, but from the viewpoint of the generation of micropores, it is preferable to set it at 0.4 to 0.8%. . Silicon (Si): Silicon acts as a deoxidizing agent during the melting of steel and improves the flowability of the metal.
The upper limit is set at 2% as excessive addition will harm the toughness.
shall be. Chromium (Cr): Chromium needs to be added in an amount of 12% or more to reduce the amount of carbon, nitrogen, and manganese necessary to obtain nonmagnetism, and to improve uniform corrosion resistance and crevice corrosion resistance. However, the upper limit is set at 20% because excessive addition produces ferrite and reduces the non-magnetic properties. Note that in order to fully exhibit both non-magnetism and crevice corrosion resistance, it is desirable that the content be 13% or more and less than 17.5%. Manganese (Mn): Manganese must be added in an amount of 13% or more to stabilize the austenite phase and improve strength, work hardening properties, and crevice corrosion resistance, but excessive addition impairs workability, so the upper limit is set. is set at 25%. Note that, taking strength, nonmagnetism, corrosion resistance, and work hardenability into consideration, it is desirable that the content be 15 to 24%. Molybdenum (Mo): Molybdenum improves pitting corrosion resistance, but excessive addition impairs toughness, so the upper limit is set at 5%. Furthermore, in the above composition range, if the total amount of manganese and chromium is not 30% or more, crevice corrosion resistance will be low, so the total amount of manganese and chromium must be 30% or more, preferably 32% or more, more preferably 32.38%. That's all. The high Mn nonmagnetic steel of the present invention has excellent uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance,
In addition, it does not form deformation-induced martensite and does not reduce its non-magnetic properties even during cold working, so it is suitable for use in generator parts used in corrosive environments, structural parts for nuclear fusion reactors, and ships. It is used as a non-magnetic steel that requires corrosion resistance and strength, such as for industrial parts. (Example) Hereinafter, the corrosion-resistant non-magnetic steel according to the present invention will be explained in detail using Examples and Comparative Examples. Nonmagnetic steel of 23 types having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted using a high frequency induction melting furnace. In Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 13 to 21, nitrogen was added at a nitrogen pressure of 3 to 10 atm. Thereafter, it was hot forged at 1200 to 900°C, then subjected to solution treatment at 1100°C for 2 hours, and then water-cooled. Thereafter, uniaxial cold working was performed until the true stress reached 130 Kg/mm 2 , followed by strain relief treatment at 350° C. for 2 hours, and then the plate material was cut out. For general corrosion test and pitting corrosion test, test piece is 3%
It was immersed in NaCl artificial seawater for 30 days, and visual observation, number of pitting corrosion, and maximum pitting depth were measured. Note that the number of pitting corrosion is the total number of pitting corrosion that occurred in an area of 160 mm 2 . The crevice corrosion test was carried out by contacting the test piece with a glass rod having a diameter of 3 mm, and after immersing it in 3% NaCl artificial seawater for 30 days, the corrosion depth was measured. The SCC test uses the 3-point bending test method, and the
The presence or absence of intergranular cracking was investigated in NaCl at a maximum tensile stress of 50 Kg/mm 2 . In addition, the magnetic properties are true stress 130
The magnitude of relative magnetic permeability when cold worked to Kg/mm 2 was measured using a magnetic permeability meter. These results are summarized in Table 2.
【表】【table】
【表】
第２表より比較例１〜12の従来の高Mn非磁性
鋼では耐均一腐食性、耐孔食性、耐隙間腐食性、
耐SCC性を兼ね備えた鋼はないことがわかる。Ｎ
量を高めた比較例13〜21の非磁性鋼では、特に耐
孔食性、耐SCC性は向上しているが、耐隙間腐食
性に劣る。
本発明に係る実施例の非磁性鋼は耐均一腐食
性、耐孔食性、耐隙間腐食性、耐SCC性に優れて
おり、また磁気特性も従来材と変らないことから
耐食性に優れた高強度非磁性鋼であるといえる。
以上説明した如く、本発明の高Mn非磁性鋼は
極めて優れた耐均一腐食性、耐孔食性、耐隙間腐
食性、耐SCC性を有することから、工業上すこぶ
る有用な耐食非磁性鋼である。[Table] From Table 2, the conventional high Mn nonmagnetic steels of Comparative Examples 1 to 12 have uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance,
It can be seen that there is no steel that has both SCC resistance. N
The non-magnetic steels of Comparative Examples 13 to 21 in which the amount was increased have particularly improved pitting corrosion resistance and SCC resistance, but are inferior in crevice corrosion resistance. The non-magnetic steel of the example according to the present invention has excellent uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance, and has the same magnetic properties as conventional materials, so it has high strength with excellent corrosion resistance. It can be said to be non-magnetic steel. As explained above, the high Mn nonmagnetic steel of the present invention has extremely excellent uniform corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and SCC resistance, and is therefore an industrially extremely useful corrosion resistant nonmagnetic steel. .
Claims (1)
を越え１％まで、ケイ素２％以下、クロム12〜20
％、マンガン13〜25％、モリブデン５％以下、残
部が実質的に鉄からなり、かつクロムとマンガン
の総量が30％以上であることを特徴とする耐隙間
腐食性に優れた非磁性鋼。1 Carbon 0.4% or less, nitrogen 0.3% by weight
up to 1%, silicon up to 2%, chromium 12 to 20
%, manganese 13 to 25%, molybdenum 5% or less, the balance essentially consisting of iron, and the total amount of chromium and manganese being 30% or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62145171A JPS62297438A (en) | 1987-06-12 | 1987-06-12 | Nonmagnetic steel excellent in crevice corrosion resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62145171A JPS62297438A (en) | 1987-06-12 | 1987-06-12 | Nonmagnetic steel excellent in crevice corrosion resistance |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3947881A Division JPS57155350A (en) | 1981-03-20 | 1981-03-20 | Corrosion resistant nonmagnetic steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62297438A JPS62297438A (en) | 1987-12-24 |
| JPH0364594B2 true JPH0364594B2 (en) | 1991-10-07 |
Family
ID=15379076
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62145171A Granted JPS62297438A (en) | 1987-06-12 | 1987-06-12 | Nonmagnetic steel excellent in crevice corrosion resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62297438A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01301839A (en) * | 1988-05-30 | 1989-12-06 | Koberuko Kaken:Kk | Steel material for cutting tools having excellent corrosion resistance |
-
1987
- 1987-06-12 JP JP62145171A patent/JPS62297438A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62297438A (en) | 1987-12-24 |
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