JPH0373121B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0373121B2
JPH0373121B2 JP56051422A JP5142281A JPH0373121B2 JP H0373121 B2 JPH0373121 B2 JP H0373121B2 JP 56051422 A JP56051422 A JP 56051422A JP 5142281 A JP5142281 A JP 5142281A JP H0373121 B2 JPH0373121 B2 JP H0373121B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
zinc oxide
voltage
varistor
internal electrode
internal electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP56051422A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57166006A (en
Inventor
Takao Matsumura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP56051422A priority Critical patent/JPS57166006A/en
Publication of JPS57166006A publication Critical patent/JPS57166006A/en
Publication of JPH0373121B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0373121B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、酸化亜鉛を主体とした電圧非直線性
を示す材料中に内部電極を埋め込んで成る構造の
電圧非直線抵抗器における内部電極材料に関する
ものである。 電圧非直線低抗体(以下、バリスタと称す)は
サージ吸収素子、電愛安定化素子等に広く用いら
れており、その電気的特性は次に示す実験式で示
される。 I/i=(V/Vi)〓 ……(1) ここでIは素子を流れる電流、Vは印加電圧、
Viは電流がiアンペア流れる時の電圧で通常1
mA値をとり、立ち上り電圧V1mAと称される。
αは電圧非直線係数と称され、バリスタを挿入し
た電気回路の電圧がいかに制御でされるかを示し
たものでαが大きい程、電圧制御性に優れてい
る。 従来パリスタとしてはシリコン・カーバイド・
バリスタやシリコンバリスタが用いられてきた
が、シリコン・カーバイド・バリスタはαが小さ
く電圧制御性に欠けるという欠点があり、シリコ
ンバリスタは耐サージ性能が悪いという欠点があ
つた。一方酸化亜鉛を主成分としたこれに微量の
添加物を加えて焼結して得られるバリスタは、優
れた電圧非直線性を有し、さりに耐サージ性も良
く、従来のシリコン・カーバイド・バリスタや、
シリコンバリスタに対する置き換えが徐々に進ん
でいる。 一方、最近の半導体産業の目ざましい進歩に伴
いIC、LSI及び個別半導体素子の耐サージ保護に
対する要求が日ましに強まつている。しかし従来
の酸化亜鉛バリスタでは立ち上り電圧が高く半導
体素子の対サージ保護には不向きであつた。これ
に対し電圧非直線抵抗体をシート状に作成し、こ
れを内部電極ではさんで積層し、一体にした後焼
結するバリスタ(以後積層型バリスタと呼ぶ)は
立ち上り電圧が最低4Vと低く、非直線係数及び
耐サージ性能も良好であり、半導体素子の耐サー
ジ保護素子として注目を集めている。 しかし、この積層型バリスタは制限電圧比、即
ち素子に1mAの電流を流すのに必要な電圧値
V1mAと20Aの電流を流すのに必要な電圧値
V20Aとの比、V20A/V1mAの値が十分小さくな
かつた。この制限電圧比は小さければ小さい程良
い値であり、小さい程バリスタを使用した電子回
路の信頼性を高め、また電子回路の設計技術も容
易になるものである。 本発明は、上記欠点を取り除いた制限電圧比の
小さい酸化亜鉛積層型バリスタを提供するもの
で、酸化亜鉛を主体とした電圧非直線抵抗体をシ
ート状に作成し、これを内部電極ではさんで積層
した構造を有する積層型バリスタにおいて、金属
物質の他に少くとも酸化亜鉛を含有することを特
徴とする上記積層型バリスタ用電極材料である。 従来の内部電極材料を用いた積層型の電圧非直
線抵抗体の微細構造は第1図に示すとおりであ
る。図中11は酸化亜鉛結晶粒、12は析出した
添加物より成る粒界層、13は内部電極である。
酸化亜鉛バリスタの優れた電圧非直線性は酸化亜
鉛粒の間に存在する粒界層が、V<V1mAの様
な印加電圧の下では絶縁体の様に振舞い、V<
V1mAでは電気良導体として振舞うということ
により解釈されている。粒界層のこの様な振舞い
は粒界層が酸化亜鉛粒にはさまれている時にのみ
生じる。 さて、従来の積層型酸化亜鉛バリスタにおいて
は、内部電極に酸化亜鉛を含んでいないものを使
用しており、酸化亜鉛粒が内部電極と接触せず、
粒界層が内部電極と酸化亜鉛の間に介在してい
る。このため、この粒界層はV>V1mAとなつ
ても電気良導体となり得ず、非直線係数の低下及
び制限電圧比の増加の原因となる。この影響は立
ち上り電圧が大きいもの、即ち内部電極間に多く
の結晶粒を含むものより、立ち上り電圧の小さい
もの即ち内部電極間に少しの結晶粒しか含まない
ものにおいて顕著である。 本発明は、内部電極中に酸化亜鉛を含有したも
のである。内部電極中に酸化亜鉛を含有したもの
を内部電極用材料として用いると、電圧非直線抵
抗体材料中の酸化亜鉛と、内部電極中の酸化亜鉛
とが反応して、第2図に示した様に酸化亜鉛結晶
粒21と内部電極23とを直接接触させることが
できる。このため内部電極23の間に存在する粒
界層22の全てがV>V1mAなる電圧のもとで
電気良導体となり、先のものと較べ非直線係数を
増加させることができ、さらに制限電圧比を減少
させることができる。 以下に本発明の実施例を示す。 (実施例) 酸化亜鉛にCo、Mn、Sb等を酸化物で加え、さ
らに硼珪酸鉛ガラスを加えて有機バインダーとと
もに有機溶媒中で分散させ、混合の後ドクターブ
レード法によりシート状に加工した。その後適当
な形状に打ちぬき、内部電極を印刷し圧着積層後
所定の形状に切断して、1100℃〜1300℃で焼結
し、外部銀電極を塗布、焼き付けを行つたものを
試料とした。使用した内部電極は、白金粉末を有
機バインダーを用いて、ベースタ状にしたもの
と、白金粉末に酸化亜鉛を混ぜ相機バインダーと
共にペースト状にしたものの2種を用いた。前述
の電極をA、後述の電極をBとする。素子の立ち
上り電圧は4Vのものと12Vのものを試作した。 表1に試作した試料における非直線係数、及び
制限電圧比の値を示した。表より明らかな様に内
部電極に酸化亜鉛を用いたものは用いないものに
比べ非直線係数、制限電圧比共に良好なものが得
られた。
The present invention relates to an internal electrode material in a voltage nonlinear resistor having a structure in which internal electrodes are embedded in a material that exhibits voltage nonlinearity and is mainly composed of zinc oxide. Voltage nonlinear low-voltage antibodies (hereinafter referred to as varistors) are widely used in surge absorption elements, electrical stabilization elements, etc., and their electrical characteristics are shown by the following experimental formula. I/i=(V/Vi)〓 ……(1) Here, I is the current flowing through the element, V is the applied voltage,
Vi is the voltage when i ampere of current flows, usually 1
It takes mA value and is called rise voltage V 1 mA.
α is called a voltage nonlinear coefficient and indicates how the voltage of an electric circuit in which a varistor is inserted is controlled. The larger α is, the better the voltage controllability is. Traditionally, silicon carbide,
Varistors and silicon varistors have been used, but silicon carbide varistors have the disadvantage of a small α and lack of voltage controllability, and silicon varistors have the disadvantage of poor surge resistance. On the other hand, varistors made by sintering zinc oxide with a small amount of additives have excellent voltage nonlinearity and good surge resistance, compared to conventional silicon carbide and varistors. Barista,
Silicon varistors are gradually being replaced. On the other hand, with the recent remarkable progress in the semiconductor industry, the demand for anti-surge protection for ICs, LSIs, and individual semiconductor elements is increasing day by day. However, conventional zinc oxide varistors have a high rise voltage and are not suitable for surge protection of semiconductor devices. On the other hand, a varistor (hereinafter referred to as a multilayer varistor), in which a voltage nonlinear resistor is made in the form of a sheet, sandwiched between internal electrodes, stacked, integrated, and then sintered (hereinafter referred to as a multilayer varistor) has a low rise voltage of at least 4V. It also has good non-linearity coefficient and anti-surge performance, and is attracting attention as an anti-surge protection element for semiconductor devices. However, this multilayer varistor has a limited voltage ratio, that is, the voltage value required to cause 1 mA of current to flow through the element.
V The voltage value required to flow a current of 1 mA and 20A
The ratio to V 20 A, the value of V 20 A/V 1 mA, was not small enough. The smaller the limiting voltage ratio is, the better the value is, and the smaller the ratio, the higher the reliability of the electronic circuit using the varistor, and the easier the design technology of the electronic circuit. The present invention provides a zinc oxide laminated type varistor with a small limiting voltage ratio that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks.A voltage nonlinear resistor mainly made of zinc oxide is made in the form of a sheet, and this is sandwiched between internal electrodes. The electrode material for a laminated varistor having a laminated structure is characterized in that it contains at least zinc oxide in addition to the metal substance. The microstructure of a multilayer voltage nonlinear resistor using conventional internal electrode materials is as shown in FIG. In the figure, 11 is a zinc oxide crystal grain, 12 is a grain boundary layer made of precipitated additives, and 13 is an internal electrode.
The excellent voltage nonlinearity of the zinc oxide varistor is due to the fact that the grain boundary layer existing between the zinc oxide grains behaves like an insulator under an applied voltage such as V<V 1 mA.
It is interpreted that it behaves as a good electrical conductor at V 1 mA. This behavior of the grain boundary layer occurs only when the grain boundary layer is sandwiched between zinc oxide grains. Now, in conventional multilayer zinc oxide varistors, internal electrodes that do not contain zinc oxide are used, and the zinc oxide particles do not come into contact with the internal electrodes.
A grain boundary layer is interposed between the internal electrode and the zinc oxide. Therefore, this grain boundary layer cannot be a good electrical conductor even if V>V 1 mA, which causes a decrease in the nonlinear coefficient and an increase in the limiting voltage ratio. This effect is more noticeable in cases where the rising voltage is small, that is, in cases where only a few crystal grains are present between the internal electrodes, rather than in cases where the rising voltage is large, that is, in cases where there are many crystal grains between the internal electrodes. The present invention contains zinc oxide in the internal electrode. When an internal electrode containing zinc oxide is used as an internal electrode material, the zinc oxide in the voltage nonlinear resistor material and the zinc oxide in the internal electrode react, as shown in Figure 2. The zinc oxide crystal grains 21 and the internal electrodes 23 can be brought into direct contact with each other. Therefore, all of the grain boundary layers 22 existing between the internal electrodes 23 become good electrical conductors under a voltage of V>V 1 mA, and the nonlinear coefficient can be increased compared to the previous one, and the limiting voltage ratio can be decreased. Examples of the present invention are shown below. (Example) Co, Mn, Sb, etc. were added as oxides to zinc oxide, and lead borosilicate glass was added and dispersed together with an organic binder in an organic solvent. After mixing, the mixture was processed into a sheet by a doctor blade method. Thereafter, it was punched into a suitable shape, printed with internal electrodes, laminated by pressure bonding, cut into a predetermined shape, sintered at 1100°C to 1300°C, coated with external silver electrodes, and baked to make a sample. Two types of internal electrodes were used: one in which platinum powder was made into a base material using an organic binder, and one in which zinc oxide was mixed with platinum powder and made into a paste form with a phase binder. The above-mentioned electrode is referred to as A, and the later-described electrode is referred to as B. We prototyped devices with a rise voltage of 4V and 12V. Table 1 shows the values of the nonlinear coefficient and limiting voltage ratio of the prototype samples. As is clear from the table, the non-linear coefficient and limiting voltage ratio were better when zinc oxide was used for the internal electrodes than when zinc oxide was not used.

【表】 またその断面のマイクロ構造を顕微鏡で観察し
たところで内部電極Aものもでは第1図の様に内
部電極と粒界層が接触しており、内部電極Bのも
のでは第2図の様に内部電極と酸化亜鉛結晶粒と
が接触しているのが確認された。 一方電極材料中に酸化亜鉛の他に、更に酸化コ
バルト(CoO)、酸化アンチモン(Sb2O3)、酸化
第2クロム(Cr2O3)、酸化マンガン(MnO)等
の添加物を加えても、酸化亜鉛を含まないものに
較べ良好な非直線係数、及び制限電圧比を示し
た。 また内部電極中の金属物質としては白金の他に
パラジウム、金、銀、及びその合金系についても
行なつたが上記の様な効果を確認した。 以上述べたように本発明方法によれば、非直線
係数及び制限電圧比の優れた積層型酸化亜鉛バリ
スタを得ることができ、その結果このバリスタを
使用した電子回路の信頼性を著しく高めることが
できる効果を有するものである。
[Table] Furthermore, when the microstructure of the cross section was observed under a microscope, it was found that the internal electrode and the grain boundary layer were in contact with each other in the case of internal electrode A as shown in Figure 1, and in the case of internal electrode B as shown in Figure 2. It was confirmed that the internal electrode was in contact with the zinc oxide crystal grains. On the other hand, in addition to zinc oxide, additives such as cobalt oxide (CoO), antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ), chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), and manganese oxide (MnO) are added to the electrode material. Also showed better nonlinear coefficient and limiting voltage ratio than those without zinc oxide. In addition to platinum, palladium, gold, silver, and alloys thereof were also used as the metal material in the internal electrode, and the above-mentioned effects were confirmed. As described above, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a multilayer zinc oxide varistor with excellent nonlinear coefficient and limiting voltage ratio, and as a result, the reliability of electronic circuits using this varistor can be significantly improved. It has the effect that it can.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は従来の積層型酸化亜鉛バリスタの断面
のマイクロ構造を模式的に示した図、第2図は本
発明による積層型酸化亜鉛バリスタの断面のマイ
クロ構造を模式的に示した図である。 図中、21……酸化亜鉛結晶粒、22……粒界
層、23……内部電極。
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional microstructure of a conventional multilayer zinc oxide varistor, and FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional microstructure of a multilayer zinc oxide varistor according to the present invention. . In the figure, 21...Zinc oxide crystal grains, 22...Grain boundary layer, 23...Internal electrode.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 酸化亜鉛を主体とした電圧非直線性を示す焼
結体中に内部電極を埋め込だ構造の電圧非直線抵
抗器において、金属物質の他に少くとも酸化亜鉛
を含有することを特徴とする上記電圧非直線抵抗
体用内部電極材料。
1. A voltage non-linear resistor having a structure in which internal electrodes are embedded in a sintered body mainly composed of zinc oxide and exhibiting voltage non-linearity, characterized by containing at least zinc oxide in addition to a metallic substance. Internal electrode material for the above voltage nonlinear resistor.
JP56051422A 1981-04-06 1981-04-06 Electrode material for zinc oxide voltage nonlinear resistor Granted JPS57166006A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56051422A JPS57166006A (en) 1981-04-06 1981-04-06 Electrode material for zinc oxide voltage nonlinear resistor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56051422A JPS57166006A (en) 1981-04-06 1981-04-06 Electrode material for zinc oxide voltage nonlinear resistor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57166006A JPS57166006A (en) 1982-10-13
JPH0373121B2 true JPH0373121B2 (en) 1991-11-20

Family

ID=12886482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56051422A Granted JPS57166006A (en) 1981-04-06 1981-04-06 Electrode material for zinc oxide voltage nonlinear resistor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS57166006A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2644731B2 (en) * 1986-05-30 1997-08-25 松下電器産業株式会社 Method of manufacturing voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor
US5234641A (en) * 1988-05-06 1993-08-10 Avx Corporation Method of making varistor or capacitor
JP4898327B2 (en) * 2006-07-10 2012-03-14 パナソニック株式会社 Cooking device with steam generation function

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57166006A (en) 1982-10-13

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