JPH0379523B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0379523B2
JPH0379523B2 JP60146912A JP14691285A JPH0379523B2 JP H0379523 B2 JPH0379523 B2 JP H0379523B2 JP 60146912 A JP60146912 A JP 60146912A JP 14691285 A JP14691285 A JP 14691285A JP H0379523 B2 JPH0379523 B2 JP H0379523B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
sintered
lining
inlet lining
spherical particles
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP60146912A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6123805A (en
Inventor
Hofumyuraa Uiruherumu
Aihinaa Yoozefu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines AG
Original Assignee
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH filed Critical MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Publication of JPS6123805A publication Critical patent/JPS6123805A/en
Publication of JPH0379523B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0379523B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
    • B22F3/1112—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics comprising hollow spheres or hollow fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
    • F01D11/125—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material with a reinforcing structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、ターボ機械、特にガスタービンのロ
ータ羽根とケーシングとの間の半径方向のクリア
ランスを減少させるための、焼結された入口ライ
ニングであつて、グラフアイトコアと、ニツケル
又はクローム、アルミニウム又は銅とのニツケル
合金から成る薄壁の被覆層とを有している球状粒
子から成る形式のものに関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a sintered inlet lining for reducing the radial clearance between the rotor blades and the casing of a turbomachine, particularly a gas turbine. , of the type consisting of spherical particles having a thin-walled covering layer of nickel or a nickel alloy with chromium, aluminum or copper.

ターボ機械においては効率と運転特性はロータ
羽根とケーシングとの間の半径方向のクリアラン
スをできるだけわずかに保つことに成功するか、
否かに関連する。半径方向のクリアランスを減少
させたい場合には、ケーシングをロータの羽根が
擦過する場合に該ケーシングライニングを摩滅さ
せることで前記クリアランスを形成することが可
能である。この場合にはロータの羽根の摩滅はで
きるだけわずかにしたい。
In turbomachinery, efficiency and operating characteristics are determined by success in keeping the radial clearance between the rotor blades and the casing as small as possible;
Related to whether or not. If it is desired to reduce the radial clearance, it is possible to create said clearance by abrading the casing lining when the rotor blades rub against the casing. In this case, it is desirable to minimize wear on the rotor blades.

DE−A2239840号によればターボ機械のロータ
の羽根とケーシングとの間の半径方向のクリアラ
ンスを減少させるために用いられる多孔質の入口
ライニングが公知である。この入口ライニングは
主として3つの成分から成り、そのうちの第1の
部分がNi−Cr合金粉末であり、第2の部分が
CoAlY合金粉末であり、第3の部分が球状粒子
から成る粉末である。前記球状粒子はグラフアイ
トコアとNi、Fe、Co、Cr又はそれらの合金から
成る被覆層とを有している。ライニングが、多孔
性であること及び金属製の粒子の割合が大きいこ
とに基づき、ライニングの摩滅粒子によつて、下
流側におかれた構成要素が侵蝕されるか又はギヤ
ツプ又は小さな冷却孔が閉塞する惧れがある。
From DE-A 2239840 a porous inlet lining is known which is used to reduce the radial clearance between the rotor blades and the casing of a turbomachine. This inlet lining mainly consists of three components, the first part is Ni-Cr alloy powder and the second part is Ni-Cr alloy powder.
It is a CoAlY alloy powder, and the third part is a powder consisting of spherical particles. The spherical particles have a graphite core and a coating layer made of Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, or an alloy thereof. Due to the porosity of the lining and the large proportion of metallic particles, abrasion particles of the lining can erode downstream components or block gaps or small cooling holes. There is a risk that this will happen.

さらにUS−A−4291089号によれば粉末を炎射
することにより形成される入口ライニングが公知
である。この場合には粉末は滑り特性のよい非金
属材料から成るコアを有しかつニツケル又はニツ
ケル合金から成る被覆層を有している。このよう
にして形成されたライニングも多孔質である。
Furthermore, according to US Pat. No. 4,291,089, an inlet lining is known which is produced by flame bombarding a powder. In this case, the powder has a core made of a non-metallic material with good sliding properties and a cover layer made of nickel or a nickel alloy. The lining formed in this way is also porous.

さらにDE−A−2421504号によればガラス−セ
ラミツクコアと該ガラス−セラミツクコアを取囲
む金属製被覆層とから成る粒子から成る焼結材料
が公知である。このような材料はその硬度及び耐
摩滅性に基づき、ブレーキライニング、電気的な
接点及び集電子には適しているが、入口ライニン
グには適していない。
Furthermore, DE-A-2421504 discloses a sintered material consisting of particles consisting of a glass-ceramic core and a metallic coating surrounding the glass-ceramic core. Due to their hardness and abrasion resistance, such materials are suitable for brake linings, electrical contacts and current collectors, but not for inlet linings.

本発明の課題はターボ機械のケーシングとロー
タ羽根との間の半径方向のクリヤランスを減少さ
せると同時に温度及び侵蝕に対する影響を受けに
くい、比較的にやわらかい入口ライニングを提供
することである。
It is an object of the present invention to provide a relatively soft inlet lining that reduces the radial clearance between the casing of a turbomachine and the rotor blades and at the same time is less susceptible to temperature and erosion.

この課題は本発明によれば、入口ライニングが
密に閉じられた表面を有する層を成すように焼結
されていることによつて解決された。
This object is achieved according to the invention in that the inlet lining is sintered in layers with a tightly closed surface.

本発明の重要な利点は球状粒子の被覆層が金属
から成るために球状粒子の結合が容易でかつ圧縮
が容易であることである。他の利点は球状粒子の
コア及び被覆層の構成により複合材料における金
属製の割合を公知の入口ライニングの場合よりも
低く保つことができることである。これによつて
タービンにおける摩滅した材料の有害な影響(例
えば冷却孔の閉塞、後続のタービンの侵蝕、大気
汚染)が減少される。
An important advantage of the present invention is that since the coating layer of the spherical particles is made of metal, the spherical particles can be easily bonded and compressed. Another advantage is that the composition of the spherical particle core and the covering layer allows the proportion of metal in the composite to be kept lower than in the case of known inlet linings. This reduces the detrimental effects of worn material on the turbine (eg, cooling hole blockage, subsequent turbine erosion, air pollution).

最後に本発明による入口ライニングの別の利点
は、ロータにおける羽根先端の摩滅が小さくなる
と同時に温度の影響が小さくなることである。
Finally, another advantage of the inlet lining according to the invention is that the wear of the blade tips on the rotor is reduced and at the same time the influence of temperature is reduced.

次に図面について本発明を説明する: 第1図においてはグラフアイトコアとニツケル
又はニツケル合金から成る金属製の被覆層2とか
ら成る球状粒子が示されている。被覆層2はコア
を電気鍍金法(電気分解)で又はCVD法(化学
的に=電流を用いずに)で形成される。又、他の
物理的な方法(PVD法)を使用することもでき
る。
The invention will now be explained with reference to the drawings: FIG. 1 shows spherical particles consisting of a graphite core and a metallic covering layer 2 of nickel or a nickel alloy. The covering layer 2 is formed on the core by electroplating (electrolysis) or by CVD (chemically = without electric current). Also, other physical methods (PVD method) can also be used.

被覆層の材料としてはニツケル又はニツケル合
金を使用することができる。なぜならば有害な酸
化を伴うことのない使用温度がきわめて高い(ほ
ぼ500°の範囲)からである。グラフアイトコアは
滑り特性が良いために使用される。第1図の球状
粒子はほぼ50μmと150μmとの間の直径を有する
ことができる。焼結法で製造されたライニングは
主としてコアの大きさとグラフアイトの量及び使
用された被覆材料ととその量もしくは厚さに関連
する。入口ライニングに高い耐温性が要求される
場合にはニツケルの含有量の多い合金を用いるこ
とができる。使用温度が低い場合にはニツケルは
電解法によつてアルミニウム又は銅と合金されて
被覆層として施される。球状粒子におけるコアの
体積分はほぼ75%であると有利である。コア1の
上の被覆層2の厚さほぼ1.5μmであるが、ほぼ1/
3の重量分しか有していない。球状粒子は有利に
は真空炉内で≦10-MPaの低い圧力で、1000℃か
らほぼ1500℃までの温度で、数時間に亘つて焼結
される。
Nickel or a nickel alloy can be used as the material for the covering layer. This is because the operating temperatures are extremely high (approximately in the 500° range) without harmful oxidation. Graphite core is used because of its good sliding properties. The spherical particles of FIG. 1 can have a diameter of approximately between 50 and 150 μm. The lining produced by the sintering method depends primarily on the size of the core, the amount of graphite and the coating material used and its amount or thickness. If high temperature resistance is required for the inlet lining, alloys with a high nickel content can be used. At low operating temperatures, nickel is applied electrolytically alloyed with aluminum or copper as a coating. Advantageously, the volume fraction of the core in the spherical particles is approximately 75%. The thickness of the coating layer 2 on the core 1 is approximately 1.5 μm, but the thickness is approximately 1/1 μm.
It only has a weight of 3. The spherical particles are advantageously sintered in a vacuum furnace at low pressures of ≦10 − MPa and at temperatures of from 1000° C. to approximately 1500° C. over a period of several hours.

金属製の被覆材料の合金は、タービンの圧縮機
羽根又はタービン羽根により容易に削り取られ得
るように選択される。この場合にはたいていの羽
根材料は高温で、つまり羽根先端がケーシングを
擦つて回転するときに硬度を低下させることが考
慮されなければならない。
The alloy of the metallic coating material is selected so that it can be easily abraded by the compressor blades or turbine blades of the turbine. In this case it must be taken into account that most blade materials lose their hardness at high temperatures, ie when the blade tips rub against the casing and rotate.

さらに入口ライニングはローラ掛けすることに
より圧縮することもできる。
Furthermore, the inlet lining can also be compacted by rolling.

複合材料から成る焼結された入口ライニングの
研磨面を顕微鏡で見た組織像は第2図に示されて
いる。球状粒子が互いに緊密に結合されているこ
とにより、ガスタービンの攻撃性のガスに起因す
る侵蝕は起り得ない。第2図から判るように純然
たる形状の形態は出発材料(粉末)においてしか
見られない。焼結後には任意の粒状形をとること
ができる。さらに第2図から明らかであるように
焼結後の粒子相互間の良好な結合は被覆材料で得
られる。
A microscopic microscopic image of the polished surface of the composite sintered inlet lining is shown in FIG. Due to the tight bonding of the spherical particles to each other, erosion due to the aggressive gases of the gas turbine cannot occur. As can be seen from FIG. 2, pure shape morphology is only found in the starting material (powder). After sintering, it can take any desired granular shape. Furthermore, as is clear from FIG. 2, a good bond between the particles after sintering is obtained with the coating material.

ライニングは第3図に示されているように複合
材料から成る球状粒子を層状に重ねることで形成
することができる。この場合、組織構造には焼結
条件により所望される影響を与えることができ
る。第3図には担体としてのシート4、例えば
0.2mm厚の金属シートの上に焼結された層が示さ
れている。該層は良好に接着もしくはろう接可能
なバンドを形成している。
The lining can be formed by layering spherical particles of composite material as shown in FIG. In this case, the microstructure can be influenced as desired by the sintering conditions. FIG. 3 shows a sheet 4 as a carrier, e.g.
A sintered layer is shown on top of a 0.2 mm thick metal sheet. The layers form a band that can be easily glued or soldered.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

図面は本発明の1実施例を示すものであつて、
第1図は入口ライニングの球状粒子を示した図、
第2図は入口ライニングの研磨面の組織像を示し
た図、第3図は片側に担体ベルト状の表面を有す
る入口ライニングを示した図である。 1……グラフアイトコア、2……被覆層、3…
…球状粒子、4……シート。
The drawings show one embodiment of the invention,
Figure 1 shows the spherical particles of the inlet lining;
FIG. 2 shows the texture of the polished surface of the inlet lining, and FIG. 3 shows the inlet lining with a carrier belt-like surface on one side. 1... graphite core, 2... coating layer, 3...
... Spherical particles, 4... Sheets.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 ターボ機械のロータ羽根とケーシングとの間
の半径方向のクリアランスを減少させるための、
焼結された入口ライニングであつて、グラフアイ
トコアと、ニツケル又はクローム、アルミニウム
又は銅とのニツケル合金から成る薄壁の被覆層と
を有している球状粒子から成る形式のものにおい
て、入口ライニングが密に閉じられた表面を有す
る層を成すように焼結された球状粒子だけから成
ることを特徴とする、ターボ機械のための焼結さ
れた入口ライニング。 2 焼結されたライニングがローラによりあとか
ら圧縮されている、特許請求の範囲第1項記載の
入口ライニング。 3 入口ライニングがケーシング側に担体ベルト
状の、平らな外面を有する連続した層を有してい
る、特許請求の範囲第1項又は第2項記載の入口
ライニング。
[Claims] 1. A method for reducing the radial clearance between a rotor blade and a casing of a turbomachine.
sintered inlet lining of the type consisting of spherical particles having a graphite core and a thin-walled covering layer of nickel or a nickel alloy with chromium, aluminum or copper; Sintered inlet lining for turbomachines, characterized in that it consists exclusively of spherical particles sintered in layers with a tightly closed surface. 2. Inlet lining according to claim 1, wherein the sintered lining is subsequently compressed by rollers. 3. Inlet lining according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet lining has on the casing side a continuous layer in the form of a carrier belt with a flat outer surface.
JP14691285A 1984-07-05 1985-07-05 Intake port lining of fluid machine Granted JPS6123805A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843424661 DE3424661A1 (en) 1984-07-05 1984-07-05 INLET COVER OF A FLUID MACHINE
DE3424661.4 1984-07-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6123805A JPS6123805A (en) 1986-02-01
JPH0379523B2 true JPH0379523B2 (en) 1991-12-19

Family

ID=6239843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP14691285A Granted JPS6123805A (en) 1984-07-05 1985-07-05 Intake port lining of fluid machine

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0166940B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6123805A (en)
DE (1) DE3424661A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6123805A (en) 1986-02-01
EP0166940A2 (en) 1986-01-08
DE3424661A1 (en) 1986-01-16
EP0166940A3 (en) 1986-05-21
EP0166940B1 (en) 1989-03-29
DE3424661C2 (en) 1988-02-18

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