JPH0384367A - Heat pump device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial application field of the present invention (by using a mixed refrigerant and separating its composition,
Related to the improvement of a heat pump device that stores high-boiling point refrigerant and varies the composition of the operating mixed refrigerant.Recent technology Using a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant＼ Storing high-boiling point refrigerant and making the composition variable by composition separation Accordingly, heat pump devices have been proposed that aim to achieve high efficiency and high capacity.

Hereinafter, a heat pump device that stores a high boiling point refrigerant and makes the composition variable will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, 1 is a compressor, 2 is a condenser, 3 is a throttle device, and 4 is an evaporator, which are connected by piping to form a main circuit. Reference numeral 5 denotes a rectification separator filled with a filler, and its upper portion is connected to the outlet of the condenser 2 via a pipe 6 and to the inlet of the evaporator 4 via a pressure reducer 7, respectively. Further, a reservoir 8 is disposed below the rectification separator 5, the bottom of which is connected to a pressure reducer 7 via an on-off valve 9, and a heater 10 is provided inside the reservoir 8.

A method of enclosing a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant in such a device and varying the composition will be explained. First, when operating with the same composition of the sealed mixed refrigerant (non-separation mode), by turning off the heating heater 10, the reservoir 8
The surplus refrigerant is simply stored, and when the on-off valve 9 is closed, it is stored as is, and when it is opened, it is stored and a part of it only flows out to the evaporator 4 via the pressure reducer 7.△ The main circuit is sealed. The system will continue to operate with the composition of the mixed refrigerant rich in high-boiling refrigerants.

Next, when storing high-boiling point refrigerant and operating with a composition rich in low-boiling point refrigerant (separation mode), if the valve 9 is closed and the heating heater 10 is turned on, the inside of the reservoir 8 will be Mainly the low boiling point refrigerant in the refrigerant is vaporized and the rectification separator 5
Rise inside. At this time, liquid refrigerant is supplied from the outlet of the condenser 2 via the pipe 6, and a rectification action occurs due to gas-liquid contact inside the rectification separator 5, and the rising gas has an increased concentration of low-boiling refrigerant. Conversely, the concentration of the high boiling point refrigerant in the descending liquid increases, and the high boiling point refrigerant is stored in the reservoir 8 in the form of a condensed liquid. On the other hand, the rising gas rich in low boiling point refrigerant flows into the evaporator 4 via the pressure reducer 7. The main circuit can be operated with a composition rich in low boiling point refrigerant. This type of compositionally variable heat pump equipment (
For example, it is applied to water heaters.During normal use, in order to obtain high-temperature water, the system is operated with a high-boiling refrigerant-rich composition, and when it is necessary to store hot water in the shortest possible time, a low-boiling refrigerant-rich system with high heating capacity is used. It becomes possible to operate according to the composition.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the heat pump device 4 as described above, it is possible to use the rectification effect when varying the composition. It also had the disadvantage that a large amount of thermal energy was required from high-temperature heat sources in the refrigeration cycle, such as heating heaters and compressor discharge pipes, to cause the rectification effect, making it difficult to vary the composition. The present invention, which had the disadvantage of low energy efficiency, was tried in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has a method of varying the composition that can be applied to mixed refrigerants in all conditions. The object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump device that does not require heat energy.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is a method for solving the above-mentioned problems.A main circuit is configured by enclosing a mixed refrigerant and connecting a compressor, a condenser, a throttle device, an evaporator, etc., and it is possible to generate molecular aggregates with the refrigerant. A container sealed with a substance is connected to a pipe between the compressor and the condenser, between the condenser and the throttle device, or between the throttle device and the evaporator via a first on-off valve;
The apparatus is characterized in that it has a heat exchange means between the container and the evaporator connected to the piping between the compressors via a second on-off valve. Further, the present invention is characterized in that a refrigerant ejector is provided between the first on-off valve and the container, and the container and a suction port of the refrigerant ejector are connected.

The present invention has the above-described structure, and performs compositional separation using a reaction that produces molecular aggregates (particularly when the chemical substance is water, called gas hydrate or clathrate) between a refrigerant and a chemical substance. In principle, it can be applied to mixed refrigerants in any state, and it does not require a large amount of thermal energy when changing the composition, reducing the drop in energy efficiency when changing the composition.Moreover, molecular aggregates The object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump device that achieves high efficiency and high capacity by utilizing reaction heat generated during production or decomposition reactions.

Embodiment FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a heat pump device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 11 is a compressor 12 is a condenser, 13 is a throttle device, and 14 is an evaporator. The main circuit consists of chlorodifluoromethane (hereinafter referred to as R22) and 1. 1. 1.
2-tetrafluoroethane (hereinafter referred to as R134a).

) is enclosed. 15 is a container filled with water, which is connected to the piping between the condenser 12 and the throttle device 13 via a first on-off valve 16, and between the evaporator 14 and the compressor via a second on-off valve 17. 11, and a heat exchanger 18 is provided in the space between the evaporator 14 and the container 15.

In this example, R22 and R1 are used as a mixed refrigerant.
Force exchange using a mixture of 34a This is limited to the above. Mixtures of so-called fluorocarbons may also be used. In addition, in this example, water is used as a refrigerant and a substance that generates molecular aggregates. So-called organic solvents such as esters, mixers of these, and mixtures of these with water may also be used (t Furthermore, in this embodiment, as a heat exchange means between the evaporator 14 and the container 15). The power at which the heat exchanger is provided is limited to t.Heat exchange may also be performed using a heat medium or the like.1 A method of enclosing a mixed refrigerant in such a heat pump device and varying the composition will be described.

First, in the non-separation mode, the first on-off valve 16 is closed and the second on-off valve 16 is closed.
By opening the on-off valve 17, refrigerant does not flow into the container 15 from the outlet side of the condenser 12, and since it is in communication with the compressor 11 intake side, the refrigerant inside the container 15 flows into the compressor 11.
As a result, the equilibrium 4i of the hydration reaction between the water inside the container 15 and the refrigerant moves toward the direction where the refrigerant hydrate (hereinafter referred to as 2-clathrate) decomposes into water and refrigerant. Most of the refrigerant that has caused the clathrate inside the container 15 to flow out into the main circuit, and the main circuit continues to operate with the composition of the mixed refrigerant almost the same as in the sealed state. At this time, cold heat is generated inside the container 15 due to the decomposition reaction of the clathrate, and the heat exchanger 1
By making it possible to use the evaporator 14 through the heat exchanger 8, there is an advantage that the amount of cold heat obtained can be increased if the heat exchanger used is also in the cooling mode of the evaporator 14. When the condenser I2 is in the heating mode, high capacity and high efficiency can be achieved by obtaining a low-temperature heat source with a relatively high temperature.

Next, in the separation mode (by opening the first on-off valve 16 and closing the second on-off valve 17, the refrigerant condensed in the condenser 12 flows into the container 15 and mixes with the water sealed inside). The clathrate is produced by the hydration reaction during this period and is stored inside the container 15.

Between R22 and R134a, R134a is a refrigerant that is overwhelmingly more likely to produce clathrates.
As a result, it is possible to make the refrigerant circulating in the main circuit rich in R22, which is a low boiling point refrigerant. At this time, by using the cold heat generated in the evaporator 14 via the power exchange heat exchanger 18 in which warm heat is generated by the clathrate production reaction inside the container 15, more efficient clathrate production is possible. Further, by providing warm heat to the evaporator 14, when the heat exchanger used is the heating mode of the condenser 12, high capacity and high efficiency can be achieved. Furthermore, since the main circuit has a composition rich in R22, which is a low boiling point refrigerant, when the heat exchanger used is in the cooling mode of the evaporator 14, high capacity and high efficiency can be achieved.

Now it's time to restore the composition of the main circuit to its original state.First on-off valve 16
, and open the second on-off valve 17. At this time, no refrigerant flows into the container 15 from the outlet side of the condenser 12.
Since the compressor 11 is in communication with the population side, the refrigerant inside the container 15 is sucked into the inlet side of the compressor 11, and as a result, the container 15
Equilibrium of hydration reaction between water and refrigerant inside 41 The clathrate moves toward decomposition into water and refrigerant, and finally, most of the refrigerant that had formed the clathrate inside the container 150 enters the main circuit. If the refrigerant leaks out, the main circuit will operate with the mixed refrigerant composition almost the same as the sealed state.

In addition, in this embodiment, the container 15 and the first on-off valve 16 are
The power exchange is connected to the piping between the condenser 12 and the throttle device 13 via the piping between the throttle device 13 and the evaporator 14 via the first on-off valve 16, or It may also be connected to a pipe between the compressor 11 and the condenser 12.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of another embodiment of the heat pump device of the present invention, and the same functional parts as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 are designated by the same numbers, and some explanations are omitted.

In this embodiment, the refrigerant ejector 19 is provided between the container 15 and the first on-off valve 16, and the container 15 and the suction port of the refrigerant ejector 19 are connected.
The refrigerant that passed through the first on-off valve 16 in the separation mode (
In the refrigerant ejector 19, the refrigerant is mixed with the gas or liquid inside the container 15 that is sucked from the suction port of the refrigerant ejector 19. Therefore, the refrigerant and the substance capable of forming molecular aggregates are always well mixed. The molecule is then introduced into the interior of the container 15, which promotes the molecular assembly generation reaction and at the same time promotes compositional separation.

A method of enclosing a mixed refrigerant and varying its composition in such a heat pump device will be explained.

First, in the non-separation mode, the first on-off valve 16 is closed and the second on-off valve 16 is closed.
By opening the on-off valve 17, no refrigerant flows into the container 15 from the outlet side of the condenser 12, and since it is in communication with the inlet side of the compressor 11, the refrigerant inside the container 15 flows into the compressor 11.
This causes the equilibrium of the hydration reaction between the water inside the container 15 and the refrigerant. Most of the refrigerant flows out into the main circuit, and the main circuit operates with the composition of the mixed refrigerant almost the same as the sealed state. Inside this one-line container 15, cold heat is generated by the decomposition reaction of the clathrate. Since it can be used in the evaporator 14 via the heat exchanger 18, there is an advantage that when the heat exchanger to be used is in the cooling mode of the evaporator 14, the amount of cold heat obtained increases. If the heat exchanger used is the heating mode of the condenser 12, high capacity and high efficiency can be achieved by obtaining a low temperature heat source with a relatively high temperature.

Next, in the separation mode (by opening the first on-off valve 16 and closing the second on-off valve 17, the refrigerant condensed in the condenser 12 flows into the container 15 and mixes with the water sealed inside). During the hydration reaction, clathrate is generated and stored inside the container 15.

Between R22 and R134a, R]34a is a refrigerant that is overwhelmingly more likely to produce clathrates.As a result, the refrigerant circulating in the main circuit is rich in R22, a low boiling point refrigerant. It is possible to do so.

At this time, the refrigerant that has passed through the first on-off valve 16 is mixed in the refrigerant ejector 19 with the gas or liquid inside the container 15 that is sucked in from the suction port of the refrigerant ejector 19, so that the water and refrigerant are always well mixed. This promotes the clathrate production reaction, which will be introduced into the interior of the container 15, and at the same time promotes composition separation.

In addition, at this time, within the container 15, the force generated by the warm heat generated by the clathrate production reaction is greater than the power generated by the clathrate production reaction, and by using the cold heat generated in the evaporator 14 via the heat exchanger 18, more efficient clathrate production is possible. Become. Furthermore, by providing warm heat to the evaporator 14, when the heat exchanger used is the heating mode of the condenser 12, high capacity and high efficiency can be achieved. In addition, R2 whose main circuit is a low boiling point refrigerant
By having a composition rich in 2, high capacity and high efficiency can be achieved when the heat exchanger used is in the cooling mode of the evaporator 14.

To restore the composition of the main circuit to its original state (first opening/closing valve 16)
, and open the second on-off valve 17. At this time, no refrigerant flows into the container 15 from the outlet side of the condenser 12.
Since the compressor 11 is in communication with the population side, the refrigerant inside the container 15 is sucked into the population side of the compressor 11, and as a result, the container 15
The equilibrium of the hydration reaction between the water and the refrigerant inside (the clathrate moves toward decomposition into water and refrigerant, and eventually most of the refrigerant that forms the clathrate inside the container 15 is the main The refrigerant mixture will flow into the circuit, and the main circuit will operate with the mixed refrigerant composition almost the same as in the sealed state.

In this embodiment, the container 15 is connected to the piping between the condenser 12 and the throttling device 13 via the first on-off valve 16. The heat pump device of the present invention may be connected to the piping between the compressor 11 and the condenser 12 via the first on-off valve 16. (This method does not require a large amount of thermal energy when changing the composition, and it is important to reduce the decrease in energy efficiency when changing the composition. Furthermore, it uses the cold and warm heat generated by the formation and decomposition reactions of molecular aggregates. This makes it possible to increase the capacity and efficiency of the heat pump device itself.

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[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the configuration of a heat pump device in different embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional heat pump device. 1, 11..., compressor, 2.12... condenser 3,1
3. Squeezing device 4.14. Evaporator 5. Rectification separation image 6. Piping, 7. Decompression hood 8. Storage a 9.
・Opening/closing valve, 10.. Heater, 15.. Capacity "a"
, 16...first on-off valve, 17...second on-off valve, 1
8.Heat exchange characteristic I9..Refrigerant ejector.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Enclose mixed refrigerant, compressor, condenser, throttling device,
An evaporator or the like is connected to form a main circuit, and one of the containers containing the refrigerant and a substance capable of generating molecular aggregates is connected between the compressor and the condenser or between the condenser and the refrigerant through a first on-off valve. - Connect the piping between the expansion device or between the expansion device and the evaporator, and connect the other side to the piping between the evaporator and the compressor via a second on-off valve, and connect the piping between the container and the evaporator. A heat pump device characterized by having a heat exchange means. (2) The heat pump device according to claim 1, wherein a refrigerant ejector is provided between the first on-off valve and the container, and the container and the suction port of the refrigerant ejector are connected. (3) The heat pump device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substance capable of forming molecular aggregates with the refrigerant contains at least water. (4) A claim characterized in that the mixed refrigerant is a mixture of halogenated hydrocarbons, or a mixture containing at least a substance having a higher normal boiling point than chlorodifluoromethane, or a mixture containing at least chlorodifluoromethane and tetrafluoroethane. The heat pump device according to item 1, 2 or 3.