JPH039990A - Carbonization of organic solid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carbonize an organic solid efficiently by utilizing diffused gas, by causing a counter-current flow of the organic and hot gas in a packed bed and burning diffused gas in the hot gas for recycling. CONSTITUTION:A solid organic 2 is fed to a carbonizing chamber 1 to form a packed bed, moved downward, carbonized by heating with a hot gas which is supplied through a gas feed port 8, passes through the organic solid 2 forming a packed bed and flows upward, and taken out through a bottom lid 4. The used hot gas containing gases diffused from the solid organic, i.e., steam and organic gas, is discharged from a gas exit 7 and fed to a burner 9 through a gas inlet 13. In the burner 9, a combustible component of the diffused gas in the hot gas is burnt by the air which is pressurized by a pressure fan 10, preheated by a heat exchanger 18 and supplied from a spouting pipe 11 together with gaseous or liquid fuel, and recycled to the gas feed port 8 of the carbonizing chamber 1 through an inducer 12 and a gas discharge port 14.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to wood for charcoal making, wood residues from wood processing such as bark and branches, wood processing residues, etc., vegetable residues after cleaning treatment, This article relates to a dry distillation method for organic waste, etc., which has been made into a product through an artificial synthesis process.

[Conventional technology]

Charcoal burning equipment that performs dry distillation of wood to produce charcoal still exists, but its production efficiency is low.

On the other hand, wood residues and vegetable residues are incinerated, and there is almost no dry distillation method currently in use. Aside from chemical engineering treatment for the purpose of final products, most of the items actually belong to incineration treatment, although some items go through the dry distillation process. There are almost no examples of reusing the processed materials.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In the conventional charcoal burning method for producing charcoal, raw wood is loaded into the furnace, combustion gas is supplied from one combustion port, passes through the upper space, and is released from the exhaust hole provided near the bottom of the furnace at the other end. While the gas is released, this hot gas slowly transfers heat to the raw material wood, and the dry distillation proceeds for a long period of time (1
00 to 150 hours) to complete carbonization. As described above, the conventional charcoal burning method is an inefficient production process, but it also has the following problems.

When wood with a high moisture content is dried quickly, severe external cracks occur. Furthermore, internal cracks are likely to occur in the dry distillation region around 250°C to 300°C. Therefore, in the heating process of the wood piled up inside the furnace in the current charcoal kiln, the hot gas surrounding the top and sides of the pile of wood inside the furnace gently promotes thermal convection inside the pile, and the temperature gradually rises. However, due to the above-mentioned crack generation, the rate of temperature increase is significantly limited. On the other hand, it is difficult to control the temperature of the hot gas supplied from the fire pit; if it is too high, the wood or carbon in the furnace will oxidize, and if it is too low, the heating efficiency will be low, and the mochi rice will be burned and the temperature will drop below the ignition temperature. There is also the difficulty in scraping that it is not easy to generate medium-temperature gas.

On the other hand, even if we look at dry distillation of wood or vegetable matter, commercialize it, or use the waste after treatment, the market size is small, and extreme reductions in equipment costs and treatment costs required for the treatment process are required. Therefore, as mentioned above, these dry distillation treatments have almost no practical application other than charcoal burning, which has been practiced since ancient times.

Another problem is colored smoke when the organic decomposed gas generated in the process of dry distilling wood or plants is released outside the apparatus, and when attempting to treat this, the cost of treatment becomes an issue.

For these reasons, the dry distillation treatment of synthetic organic materials, as well as the dry distillation treatment of natural organic materials, has hardly been put into practical use, and the current result is that in either case, incineration is the preferred method of treatment.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and is a method for dry distilling solid organic matter, which employs a method of heating solid organic matter with circulating gas and utilizes diffused gas generated during heating and drying of solid organic matter. This is what we are trying to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention provides a dry distillation method for solid matter (D) in which a packed bed containing solid organic matter is formed and hot gas is passed between the fillers in the packed bed to dry distill the solid organic matter. The organic matter is moved in one direction within the packed bed, and the hot gas is passed in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the solid organic matter to heat and dry distill the solid organic matter, which is then discharged from the upper packed bed. The method is characterized in that the gas released from the solid organic matter contained in the gas is combusted and then refluxed to the packed bed as the above-mentioned hot gas.

(2) In the invention described in (1) above, the hot gas discharged from the packed bed is sucked by the air jet supplied to the burner that burns gas or liquid fuel, and the gas released from the solid organic matter is absorbed in the burner. After combustion, the hot gas is returned to the packed bed, and the surplus of the hot gas is discharged to the outside by the kinetic energy of the gas in the burner.

(3) The invention according to (1) above is characterized in that a part of the gas discharged from the packed bed and in which the gas released from the solid organic matter is combusted is taken out to preheat the solid organic matter.

[Effect]

In the present invention described in (1) above, the hot gas supplied to the packed bed containing the solid organic matter of the object to be treated flows in the opposite direction to the direction of continuous or intermittent movement of the solid organic matter, and It passes through the gap between the bodies and is expelled from the packed bed. During this time,
With the heat supplied from the hot gas, the temperature of the solid organic matter increases as it moves, and releases water vapor, organic gas, etc., which are mixed with the hot gas and discharged from the packed bed.

The hot gas discharged from the packed bed is returned to the packed bed, but during this time, the gas released from the solid organic matter contained in the hot gas is combusted, and the temperature of the hot gas is recovered. The solid organic matter is refluxed to the packed bed, where solid organic matter is heated and dry distilled. As described above, in the present invention (1), the gas released by heating and dry distillation of solid organic matter is not combusted or treated outside the system, but the temperature of the hot gas is recovered by combustion treatment within the system, and the temperature of the hot gas is recovered. Effective heating and dry distillation of

In addition, the movement of solid organic matter and the flow of hot gas are in opposite directions, and solid organic matter is first heated by relatively low-temperature hot gas and then further heated by high-temperature hot gas. The hot gas at the temperature provides reasonable and efficient heating, and at the end of the transfer of the solid organic matter, sufficient dry distillation is achieved.

In the present invention, the air required for combustion of the gas emitted from the solid organic matter is supplied into the hot gas at an appropriate position in the hot gas circulation system.

In the invention described in (2) above, in the invention described in (1) above, the hot gas discharged from the packed bed is drawn into the burner by an air jet that burns the gas or liquid fuel.

This ensures the flow of hot gas within the packed bed.

Furthermore, the diffused gas in the hot gas is combusted by the combustion heat of the fuel in the burner, the temperature of the gas rises, and the heated gas is returned to the packed bed to heat and dry distill the solid organic matter. Furthermore, the excess hot gas resulting from combustion in the burner is discharged to the outside by the kinetic energy of the gas generated by the air jet in the burner and the increase in gas temperature.

In the present invention (3) above, in the present invention (1) above, the hot gas circulated by taking out a part of the gas after the gas emitted from the solid organic matter is combusted and preheating the solid organic matter. Thermal efficiency is improved by using the surplus to preheat the solid organic matter to be heated and dry distilled in the packed bed.

〔Example〕

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

This embodiment relates to a method for dry distilling solid organic matter suitable for cases where the solid organic matter as a material to be treated changes its shape during the treatment process, or when the solid organic matter is strong and difficult to break during treatment.

1 is a dry distillation processing chamber, which includes an upper lid 3, a lower bottom lid 4, and a bottom lid 4.
The clamp provided above comprises a sealing plate 5 with a rod 6. The solid organic matter 2 such as rubber is supplied from the top lid 3 to the dry distillation processing chamber 1, forms a packed layer, and moves downward while being heated and dry distilled as described later, and is transferred to the bottom lid 4 on the lower side.
It is being taken out more and more. The hot gas enters the dry distillation processing chamber l through the gas supply port 8, flows upward through the gap between the solid organic matter 2 forming the packed bed, and passes through the gas exhaust lower provided above the gas supply port 8. and is discharged from the dry distillation treatment chamber 1. The discharged hot gas contains solid organic matter2.
water vapor and organic gases emitted from the water are mixed in.

The discharged hot gas is supplied to the gas inlet 13 of the burner 9. One end of the burner 9 is provided with a jet pipe 11 for air and gas or liquid fuel, and an inducer 12 and a gas discharge opening 15 are provided downstream thereof facing the jet pipe 11. A gas exhaust port 14 is provided below. The gas inlet 13 is connected to the inducer 12
The burner 9 is opened on the upstream side of the burner 9 .

On the other hand, the air pressurized by the pressurizing fan 10 is transferred to the heat exchanger 18.
The hot gas is preheated through the gas inlet 13 and then supplied to the jet pipe 11, and is ejected from the jet pipe 11 into the burner 9 together with gas or liquid fuel. The combustible content in the gas emitted from the solid organic matter therein and the gaseous or liquid fuel are combusted, thereby increasing the temperature of the hot gas. The hot gas that has passed through the inducer 12 flows back through the gas outlet 14 to the gas supply port 8 of the dry distillation processing chamber (2), and flows upward through the gap between the solid organic matter 2 moving downward as described above. , solid organic matter 2 is efficiently heated and dry distilled in a counterflow state. As described above, the isothermal gas enters the burner 9 from the gas discharge lower, is heated, and circulates to the dry distillation processing chamber 1. The solid organic matter 2 heated and dry distilled while moving downward in the dry distillation process 1 is taken out from the bottom lid 4.

On the other hand, the excess combustion gas of burner 9 is transferred to inducer 1
The kinetic energy of the gas in the burner 9, accelerated at 2, forces it into the gas discharge opening 15 facing the jet tube 11 and preheats the air entering the burner 9 in a heat exchanger 18. The gas leaving the heat exchanger 18 enters the lower part of the preheating chamber 20 through the preheating gas supply port 22, heats the solid organic matter 21 contained in the preheating chamber 20, and is then sucked into the suction fan 24. The preheating gas is discharged to the outside through the preheating gas exhaust port 23 in the upper part of the preheating chamber 20. This gas discharged to the outside is rendered harmless because the gas released from the solid organic matter is burned in the burner 9. Further, the solid organic matter 21 preheated in the preheating chamber 20 is taken out from the preheating chamber 20 by opening the seal plate 26 at the bottom of the preheating chamber 20, and is removed from the dry distillation processing chamber 20.
supplied to

Note that 30 is an air supply port to the dry distillation processing chamber 1 for finishing the solid organic matter 2 after processing. Further, 31 is a cooling and liquefaction device for organic decomposed gas in the gas emitted from solid organic matter, which is disposed between the dry distillation processing chamber 1 and the burner 9. It is used for the purpose of liquefying and reusing cracked gas, and 32 is a cooling water box of the cooling liquefaction device 31. 33 is an auxiliary fan for hot gas circulation, 16, 17, and 28 are thermometers that detect the temperature of the hot gas entering the dry distillation treatment chamber, the temperature inside the dry distillation treatment chamber, and the temperature inside the preheating chamber, respectively; This is a suction pipe for supplying air to the preheating chamber.

As explained above, in this embodiment, the solid organic matter 2 and the hot gas move in opposite directions in the dry distillation processing chamber 1, so that the solid organic matter 2 is efficiently heated and dry distilled. In addition, the hot gas leaving the packed bed of solid organic matter 2 is sucked into the burner 9, burns the gas released from the solid organic matter 2, and is raised in temperature, and then refluxed to the dry distillation treatment chamber 1 to heat the solid organic matter.・Dry distillation. Since the hot gas constitutes a closed system in which it circulates through the dry distillation treatment chamber 1 as described above, thermal efficiency can be improved.

Further, the surplus of hot gas generated due to the combustion in the burner 9 and the dissipation of gas from the solid organic matter 2 in the dry distillation processing chamber 1 is released by the kinetic energy of the gas in the burner 9, which is accelerated by the inducer 12. By preheating the air forced into the opening 15 and supplied to the burner 9 in the heat exchanger 18, and further preheating the solid organic matter 21 in the preheating chamber 20, heat recovery is achieved and thermal efficiency is improved. Further, the gas discharged from the preheating chamber 20 to the outside is transferred to the burner 9.
As a result, the gas emitted from the solid organic matter 2 is burned and rendered harmless, and there is no problem with the environment.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the gas discharge opening 15 of the burner 9 is
By adjusting the downstream ventilation resistance, the pressure in the hot gas circulation system can be suppressed to below the outside air, thereby preventing hot gas from escaping to the outside, such as in the dry distillation processing chamber l. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of environmental conservation problems.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

This embodiment relates to a dry distillation method for solid organic matter suitable for cases where it is necessary to prevent breakage and cracking of solid organic matter being processed, such as in the production of high-grade charcoal.

In this embodiment, the same parts as in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 above are designated by the same reference numerals in FIG. Let me explain the parts.

Reference numeral 40 denotes a container for storing wood 2, which is a solid organic substance, and a ventilation plate 41 and a fork insertion part 43 of a forklift are provided at the bottom of the container. The dry distillation processing chamber 1 is provided with a gas discharge lower in the upper part and a gas supply port 8 in the lower part, and is partitioned into two upper and lower stages by the ventilation +ff 142a at the bottom and the ventilation plate 42b at the middle.

In this embodiment, two upper and lower containers 40 are placed on the ventilation plates 42a and 42b using a forklift, and hot gas is passed through the dry distillation chamber 1→burner 9→dry distillation chamber 1 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
The wood 2 in the container 40 is heated, dry distilled, and carbonized to produce charcoal.

In this embodiment, the gas that has passed through the heat exchanger 18 from the burner 9 is diluted with air by adjusting the opening degree of the replenishment air suction pipe 25 with the valve 25, and the temperature is lowered in the upper preheating chamber 20. The wood 21 is slowly dried in the preheating chamber 20 and preheated to about 150''C, and the preheated wood 21 is taken out by opening the seal plate 26 before being charged into the dry distillation treatment chamber 1. On the other hand, in the dry distillation processing chamber 1, dry distillation of wood is progressing in the lower container 40, and dry distillation of wood is also progressing in the upper container 40, lagging behind the lower container. When the dry distillation of the wood 2 in the lower container 40 has progressed to an appropriate level, the front door is opened and the lower container 40 is transferred onto the carbonization finishing table 44.The upper container 40 is transferred to the lower container. Then, the spare container 40 containing the wood that has been preheated is loaded into the upper stage.

After this, the door is closed and the dry distillation processing chamber 1 starts dry distillation again. On the other hand, the container 40 placed on the carbonization finishing table 44 receives hot air or air necessary for dry distillation finishing from the combustion port 45 of the carbonizing finishing table 44, and enters carbonization finishing at a higher temperature. At this time, it is also possible to put scrap charcoal inside the carbonization finishing table 44 to suppress product oxidation during carbonization finishing.

In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the hot gas forms a closed system, and the excess hot gas is recovered as it passes through the heat exchanger 18 and the preheating chamber 20. Thermal efficiency increases. In the dry distillation chamber 1, the wood solids in the container 40 are heated and dry distilled in the upper stage using relatively low-temperature hot gas, and then the container 40 is moved to the lower stage where high-temperature heat enters the dry distillation chamber 1. By heating and dry distilling the wood 2 with gas, the wood 2 is treated with hot gas at a temperature that corresponds to the degree of dry distillation, resulting in efficient dry distillation and avoiding drastic temperature changes. This can prevent damage and cracks from occurring.

Furthermore, since the wood is dried and preheated with low-temperature gas in the preheating chamber 20 and then heated and subjected to dry distillation treatment in the dry distillation treatment chamber 1, it is possible to improve thermal efficiency and prevent damage.
Dry distillation can be performed without cracks.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention can have the following effects.

(1) The temperature of the hot gas for heating and dry distilling the solid organic matter is recovered by burning the gas released from the solid organic matter in the isothermal gas, and the thermal efficiency is increased because the gas is circulated and refluxed to the packed bed of the solid organic matter.

(2) Since the direction of continuous or intermittent movement of solid organic matter and the flow direction of hot gas are opposite, the hot gas at a temperature corresponding to the dry distillation of solid organic matter allows for easy and efficient dry distillation. be able to.

(3) Hot gas is drawn into the burner by the air jet of the burner, ensuring a flow of hot gas, and excess detoxified gas can be discharged by the kinetic energy of the gas in the burner. can.

(4) By preheating the solid organic matter by extracting a part of the gas from the combustion of the gas released from the solid organic matter, the heat of the excess hot gas can be recovered.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a first embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a second embodiment of the invention. 1... Dry distillation processing chamber, 2... Solid organic matter, 7.
...Gas exhaust port, 9...Burner, I2...Indeer, 15...Gas discharge opening, 20...Preheating chamber, 40...Container, 44...Carbonization finishing table.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In a dry distillation method in which a packed bed is formed with solid organic matter as a filler and hot gas is passed between the fillers in the packed bed to dry distill the solid organic matter, the solid organic matter is moved in one direction within the packed bed. The hot gas is then flowed in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the solid organic matter to be discharged from the upper packed bed where the solid organic matter has been heated and dry distilled, and the gas released from the solid organic matter contained in the discharged hot gas is A method for dry distilling solid organic matter, which comprises refluxing the solid organic matter into a packed bed as the hot gas after combustion. (2) An air jet supplied to a burner that burns gas or liquid fuel sucks in the hot gas discharged from the packed bed, burns the gas released from the solid organic matter in the burner, and then converts the hot gas into 2. The dry distillation method of solid organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the hot gas is refluxed to the packed bed and the surplus of the hot gas is discharged to the outside by the kinetic energy of the gas in the burner. (3) The method for dry distilling solid organic matter according to claim (1), characterized in that the solid organic matter is preheated by taking out a part of the gas discharged from the packed bed and combusted to emit gas from the solid organic matter.