JPH0412047A - Apparatus for continuous production of pottery board - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve designability by continuously extruding raw materials consisting essentially of clay, conveying a continuous formed sheet while drying the sheet, then cutting the sheet, providing a dried board, preheating, burning and annealing the board, polishing the decorative surface of the resultant burned board, coating the surface with a glaze and hardening the glaze. CONSTITUTION:Clay 1 prepared by mixing several kinds of raw materials such as pottery stone, drain slip, a melting point lowering agent and fiber is fed to an extrusion molding machine 3 to continuously form an extruded continuous formed sheet (A) in a desired shape. The sheet (A) is then dried with a dryer 9 such as a microwave heater to reduce the moisture content of the formed sheet (A). The formed sheet (A) is subsequently cut with a running cutter 10 to afford a dried board (B) of constant length. The obtained board (B) is then transferred to a burning furnace 12 and passed through a preheating region 13, a burning region 14 and a cooling region 15 and converted into a burned board (C). The produced burned board (C) is subsequently fed to a polisher 20 to polish the decorative surface (alpha) with a polishing machine 22. A glaze is then applied to the resultant polished board (D) in a glazing part 24 and then hardened to convey the produced pottery board (E) to the next step with a taking out machine 26.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention continuously extrudes a raw material mainly composed of clay,
After that, the decorative surface of the fired ceramic plate is polished in the device that manufactures the chest plate by drying, cutting, and firing, and then goes through the glazing process and glaze hardening process, which completely eliminates the unevenness of the decorative surface. This relates to continuous manufacturing equipment.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, this kind of ceramic plate has been manufactured by a method of forming it into a predetermined shape using an extruder, followed by drying, cutting, glazing, and firing.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, although the design of ceramic plates manufactured using this type of equipment has been improved by the use of glaze, the volume shrinks by about 10% during drying and firing compared to when extruded. When manufactured, the deformation reaches the decorative surface and the decorative surface becomes wavy and uneven, and even the application of glaze cannot prevent this deformation, resulting in a significant deterioration of the design.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to eliminate such defects, the present invention flattens the decorative surface of the ceramic plate by polishing the decorative surface of the fired and hardened ceramic plate using a polishing machine after the firing process, and then glazes and hardens the glaze. The present invention provides a continuous manufacturing apparatus for ceramic plates that can manufacture ceramic plates with flat decorative surfaces by forming a process.

〔Example〕

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, one Example of the continuous manufacturing apparatus of the ceramic plate based on this invention is described in detail using drawing. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of the above device. In the figure, 1 is clay, which is mixed with several kinds of raw materials and chamotte added as needed via a kneading machine (not shown), and then transferred via a belt conveyor 2 to a vacuum extrusion molding machine or is supplied to an extrusion molding machine 3 which is one type of vacuum clay kneading extrusion molding machine. As shown in FIG. 3(a), the extrusion molding machine 3, for example, performs molding in FIGS.
The clay 1 is continuously extruded in the shape shown in j) to form a continuous molded band (hereinafter simply referred to as molded band) A having a shape having a hollow portion a. Note that the clay 1 is a natural product and has different components depending on its production area, and these characteristics and weaknesses are mutually offset to obtain a predetermined mixed clay. Examples of clay 1 include potter's stone, feldspar, kaolinite, halloysite, metahalloysite, end-of-the-earth clay, frog's-eye clay, Shigaraki clay, etc., which are crushed and kneaded with water. In addition, iron may be removed from the clay 1 using a magnet if necessary. Furthermore, the base 4 is made of clay 1
The core 5 is not deformed by the extrusion force of the core 5. To explain further, Nakako 5 is
When forming the forming band A into various shapes as shown in FIGS. 2(a) to (j), it becomes a resistance in the extrusion molding machine 3, eliminates unevenness in the density distribution of the forming band A, and reduces the resistance during drying and baking. This helps prevent cracking and deformation. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3(b) and 3(C), the core 5 has a plurality of lattices 5a for forming the hollow part a in the forming band A, and the hollow part a is filled with air, hot air, cold air, dry air, etc. A pump 7 whose grid 5a is shaped like a pipe to forcibly supply or exhaust wind and steam, and which sucks in and exhausts air etc. from the outside;
It is connected to the intake and exhaust pipes 6. This is done by forcibly supplying or discharging air, hot air, cold air, or dry air to the hollow part a of the molded strip A formed by the extrusion molding machine 3, thereby forcibly performing an air cycle in the hollow part a. , molding band A
This is effective in significantly shortening the internal drying time.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a driving conveyor, which is composed of one or more types of free rollers, drive rollers, belts, mesh belts, etc., and is synchronized to the same speed as the forming band A extruded from the extrusion molding machine 3. It is driven. The dryer surrounds part or all of the driving conveyor 8 (not shown), and absorbs at least one kind of infrared heater, far-infrared heater, microwave, heating machine, waste heat from the firing furnace (2) described later, etc. The heat source 9a is effective for drying the molding zone A in a short time due to the synergistic effect with the air cycle of the hollow part a, and the water content of the clay 1 is reduced to
This is to reduce the 20% content to about 0 to 5%, to strengthen shape retention, and to make it suitable for subsequent cutting and firing. In addition, the main dryer is equipped with infrared heaters, microwaves only, or alternately, or divided into front and rear zones, and the atmosphere is kept at 200 to 500°C to prevent cracks or deformation of the fabric. It heats according to the heating curve. Reference numeral 10 denotes a running power lid, which cuts the dried molded IA into a fixed length using a rotary blade (diamond saw), laser, water pressure (water jet), or electric discharge machining to obtain a fixed length dry plate B.

Of course, the traveling cutter 10 cuts in synchronization with the speed of the forming band A. Work 1 is a transfer machine, and a traveling cutter 10
The drying plate B cut into regular lengths is transported to the firing furnace piece at a faster speed than the driving conveyor 8, and the forming band A and the drying plate B are prevented from colliding with each other. The kiln consists of one type of kiln: roller hearth kiln, tunnel type kiln,
Its configuration extends from the inlet 12a to the outlet 12b at room temperature -
The temperature distribution is mountain-shaped, such as high temperature (about 1300°C) - normal temperature, and is divided into a preheating area 13, a firing area 14, and a cooling area 15 in that order, and the temperature of the preheating area 13 is 30 to 700°. C1 firing area 14 is 300-1300°
The temperature of the C1 cooling region 15 is approximately 600 to 30°C. Of course, the temperature setting between each region is different depending on the type and composition of the clay l, and the temperature between each region is not clearly divided, but is a temporary division in continuous firing.

To further explain the firing furnace in detail, the firing furnace (■) burns combustible gas, such as LPG gas, to fire the drying plate B, and the arrangement of burners (not shown) for this purpose corresponds to each of the above-mentioned regions. It shall be established as follows. In addition, mesh belts, metal rollers, ceramic rollers, alumina rollers, etc. are used as means for conveying the drying plate B in the firing furnace (2), but since the temperature in the firing area 14 rises to about 1300°C, for example, As shown in FIG. 4, an alumina roller 18 is placed between metal main shafts 16 and 17 to prevent heat from being transferred to the drive source.

Note that the firing area 14 of the firing furnace 12 is made of refractory bricks, etc., through which the furnace passes continuously in a straight line, and an exhaust damper (not shown) is arranged between each device and area. It is something that should be set up. Reference numeral 19 denotes a transport and stockyard, which is used to transport the fired plates C, whose temperature has dropped to about 30°C, which have come out from the outlet 12b for the firing furnace, to the polishing machine 204 for the next process. This is to cool the plate C if it is still hot and to prevent it from being rapidly cooled by the lubricant and cracking during polishing with a polishing tool in the next step. Qian is a polishing machine, and the decorative surface α of the fired plate C, which has been fired and hardened in the firing furnace ■, is placed on the fixing and conveying machine 21, and the diamond polishing foil 22a is attached to the tip. The decorative surface α is polished by a movable polishing machine 22 to flatten it into a polished board. In addition, in the polishing machine case, it is possible to polish the fired plate C while it is stopped, or to polish it while it is being conveyed. When the fired plate C is stopped and processed, it is sent out from the conveyance and stockyard 19. In order to prevent the fired plate C from colliding with the fired plate C being polished, the speed and stocking time of the conveyance and stockyard 19 are determined by taking into account a certain time difference, the speed of the so-called forming zone A, and the polishing time in the polishing machine. It is something to be adjusted. 23 is a conveyor, and a polishing machine polishes the decorative surface α.
is polished flat, and the lubricant (water, etc.) sprayed during polishing.
This is to send the polished board from which all the glazing has been removed to the glazing section 24 for the next step. 24 is a glazing section, which applies glaze to the decorative surface α of a polished board whose decorative surface α has been flattened by a polishing machine case, and is a glazing machine consisting of a type of spray gun, FL coater, etc. 24a to a constant thickness. 25 is a hardened part;
The glaze applied to the decorative surface α of the polished board is hardened into a glass-like state by the glazing unit 24, and it is possible to use gas, electricity, petroleum, etc., or an infrared heater, a far-infrared heater, a microwave heater, or the dryer mentioned above. Using one or more types of waste heat produced by the Sae-1 firing furnace, the material is fired and hardened at a temperature lower than the maximum heating temperature of the firing area 14, for example, at a temperature of about 950 to 1100°C.

A conveyor 26 is used to transport the ceramic plate E to the next process such as a packaging process (not shown).

Next, the operation will be explained. Therefore, as materials for clay 1, silica sand waste, several types of melting point depressants, and fiber minerals are prepared.

The weight percentage is 65% silica sand sludge, 25% melting point depressant (Kamato feldspar, sericite minerals, etc.), 1 wollastonite.
To 100% by weight of this main raw material, 20% by weight of water and 0.3% by weight of sodium pyrophosphate as a deflocculant were mixed, and this was mixed in a clay kneading machine (MP-100 model manufactured by Miyazaki Iron Works Co., Ltd.). )
It was kneaded with

The extrusion molding machine 3 used had an extrusion pressure of 50 kg/c4. Pump 7 was set to exhaust at 58P, and a microwave heating device and a far infrared heating device were used as the dryer temperature, and the moisture in forming zone A was evaporated and absorbed by surface convection with a calorific value equivalent to 35kcal, h. The moisture content is reduced to about 0 to 5% in about 20 to 40 minutes by internal diffusion by exhausting hot air at about 30° C. from the exhaust pipe 6, and the product is dried without deformation. Next, the dried forming strip A is cut into 3 m lengths by a traveling cutter 10.
The dried plate B is continuously fed to the firing furnace pieces by the transfer device 11.

This firing furnace has a roller hearth kiln structure, and the drying plate B is sequentially fed and conveyed to the rollers from the inlet 1.2a to the outlet 12b, and is then preheated, fired, and gradually cooled. Send as. Next, the fired plate C is sent to the polishing machine 20 by the transport and stockyard 19, and while the next fired board C is sent from the transport and stockyard 19, the decorative surface α is polished by the polishing machine 22. Delivered as a polished plate with a flat surface α. Next, conveyor 2
A glaze is applied to the decorative surface α by the glazing unit 24, and the glaze on the decorative surface α is hardened by the curing unit 25 in the next step, and the polished plate transported by step 3 is packed as a ceramic plate E by the conveyor 26 (not shown). It is transported to the next process such as a manufacturing process.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the apparatus for continuously manufacturing ceramic plates according to the present invention, (1) the decorative surface of the fired plate after firing the main part is polished to make it flat, and then the glaze is applied. Because of the coating and curing process, it is possible to produce ceramic plates with flat decorative surfaces and improved design due to the glaze. ■By forming a polisher, the deformation of the decorative surface due to shrinkage of the ceramic plate due to drying and firing is eliminated in the final stage, increasing the yield rate of intermediate processes.
The final yield is also improved. ■ Ceramic plates with dramatically improved design can be manufactured with good productivity and yield, and can be easily incorporated into conventional equipment.

It has the following characteristics and effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a continuous production apparatus for ceramic plates according to the present invention, FIGS. 2(a) to 1) are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a continuous forming band, and FIGS. 3(a) to (C) is an explanatory diagram showing a die, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a firing furnace. 1... Clay, 3... Extrusion molding machine, 4... Mouthpiece, 5
... Core, 7... Pump, 9... Dryer, 10.
... Traveling cutter, 12 ... Firing furnace, 19 ... Conveyance and stockyard, 20 ... Polishing machine, 21 ... Fixed and conveyance machine, 22 ... Polishing machine, 24 ... Glazing section , 25... hardened part. No.? Figure (kyu) (d+ Figure 1? Figure t4+ I:e+Rororo Lo Nironinini clt+ Figure (b)

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) An extrusion molding machine that continuously extrudes clay-based raw materials, a driving conveyance machine that conveys the continuous molded band sent out from the extrusion molding machine in that state, and one part of the conveyance machine. a dryer that surrounds part or all of the continuous forming band and dries the continuous forming band while it is being conveyed in an extruded state; a traveling cutter that cuts the continuous forming band dried by the dryer into a fixed length; A transfer machine that transfers the dry plate cut to a regular length by the traveling cutter at a faster speed than the driving conveyor, and a baking machine that continuously preheats, bakes, and slowly cools the dry plate sent out from the transfer machine. a furnace, a polishing machine that polishes the decorative surface of the fired plate sent out from the firing furnace, a glazing section that applies a glaze to the decorative surface of the polished plate whose decorative surface has been flattened by the polishing machine, and the glazing section. 1. A continuous production device for ceramic plates, comprising: a curing section for curing a glaze applied by a curing section.