JPH0412332Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a combustion device that easily and efficiently burns solid fuel.

<Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention> There are various fuels for combustion devices used for various purposes such as heating and industrial purposes, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, each with its own advantages. It has disadvantages.

Coal is solid and does not require special containers for transportation or storage, and has the advantage of being easy to handle.
Due to its low space-occupancy factor, it requires a large space for transportation, storage, etc., and a large amount of ash is generated during combustion, which mixes into the exhaust gas and causes pollution, as well as being inside the combustion equipment. It is difficult to dispose of the remaining ash. Furthermore, since there are not many volatile components, not only does it take a long time to ignite, but there are also drawbacks such as the possibility of the coal going out if the amount of coal or the type of fire put into the combustion device is small.

On the other hand, petroleum, natural gas, etc. produce a small amount of ash upon combustion, and almost no dust is mixed into the exhaust gas, so there is little risk of polluting the atmosphere, etc. Moreover, since they contain many volatile components, it is difficult to ignite them. Although it has the advantage of being extremely easy to carry out and reducing the amount of oil, natural gas, etc. supplied to the combustion components, it is difficult to transport, store, etc. Since it requires a special container and has a low flash point, there is an extremely high risk of accidents such as fire and explosion, and it has disadvantages such as the need to be extremely careful when using it.

In addition, in terms of cost, oil, natural gas, etc. are more expensive than solid fuels such as coal, coke, etc., especially in various factories that consume large amounts of fuel, greenhouses, winter heating in cold regions, etc. is a significant expense.

Therefore, attention was focused on solid fuels that are easy to transport, store, etc., ignite quickly, and have little risk of fire or explosion, and charcoal, briquettes, coal, etc. have been widely used.

However, when burning such solid fuel, a rostol with ventilation slits is provided in the combustion chamber, solid fuel is piled up thickly at a predetermined height on the rostrum, and the solid fuel is heated in this state in an appropriate manner. The solid fuel is ignited by an ignition means, and then the solid fuel is continuously combusted (see Utility Model Publication No. 39-36175, Publication Utility Model No. 40-23003, etc.). Alternatively, a rostol with many holes around the periphery and an ashtray below it,
The ashtray has a structure in which a large diameter hole is provided in the center (inward of the many holes) for blowing up the ignition flame and for air, thereby making it possible to ignite solid fuel, ventilate it, and deposit ash. 130511).

However, the above-mentioned solid fuel requires heat retention and good fire retention for its purpose, and if the ash content is less than 10%, it will fall off the shelf and fall from between the roasters, so 10%
It has a high ash content, and even when burned, it does not fall off and remains as ash, retaining its shape, and has a heat-insulating effect, so there is a large amount of ash left after combustion, making it easy to dispose of. It requires time and effort, and the cost is relatively high due to the necessity of raw material selection and molding.

In addition, there is a combustion device that burns solid fuel such as cheap firewood and old wood (Utility Model Publication No. 124714, 1983).
56-153703), the former is an incomplete suction
It is not practical due to exhaust, and the latter requires forced air from outside through a perforated pipe inside the stove body, making the configuration and operation complicated, and neither considers durability or heat resistance. Due to the structure, it was necessary to dispose of the ash inside the device, as described above. Furthermore, the combustion device of Utility Model Registration No. 341400 has a no-loss configuration, and has an ash removal port and an ash outlet before and after the fire bed, but it is easy to use by simply putting spark and fuel into the combustion chamber.
It is not possible to quickly ignite the fuel and cause it to ignite, so some kind of ventilation means from outside, such as a fire blower or blower, is required. What's more, if you fill the fuel inside and remove the ash, the ash outlet can be used to remove solid fuel, ash husk, etc.
If the blockage is caused by rice husks, etc., air cannot be taken in, creating a situation that is completely inconvenient for combustion, and the ignition material and spark itself are easily extinguished, and it takes time to ignite the fuel. It requires a large amount of that.

The ash removal port and the ash outlet are provided at the lower ends of the front and rear walls of the combustion chamber, that is, by cutting only into the narrow front and rear walls, regardless of the long left and right walls of the elongated firebed. Furthermore, it is self-evident that the fire bed tilts downward toward the ash outlet, causing rice husks, etc., to slip and block it. The remaining ash removal port 6 is narrow and does not have a structure in which the air for fuel combustion is quickly ignited in proportion to the exhaust gas and burned at a high temperature. This device is a so-called Ondol combustion device, and is designed to burn fuel slowly for a long time rather than vigorously burning it at high temperatures, and the ash also has a heat-retaining effect. The specification also states that the method of use is to place rice husks, etc., up to the height of both side walls of the lower part, and to ignite the pulverized coal or other solid fuel by placing a kindling on top.
The structure is suitable for this purpose as it gradually burns the fuel at the bottom and replenishes the fuel at the top, and there is a lot of residual ash. Therefore, when used for heating in cold regions, it takes a lot of time and effort to ignite, and the combustion temperature is low, making it inefficient.

Therefore, by using solid fuel with a low ash content, not only can there be virtually no risk of polluting the atmosphere, but also the problems associated with the disposal of ash remaining in combustion equipment can be eliminated. can be almost completely eliminated.

Conventionally, lignite, petroleum coke, calsaina coke, charcoal, coal pitch coke, and others have been known as solid fuels with low ash content, and they are inexpensive and high in calories, but these solid fuels have a high sulfur content and are Because it has a negative effect on metals, it was used in combination with coal, with caution when using it as an industrial fuel, and it was used in kinles for firing cement, where sulfur content was not a problem. In addition, as a fuel for general heating, it has an odor due to its nature, and due to its low ash content,
Contrary to solid fuels with an ash content of 8% or more, the shelving phenomenon tends to occur, and with an ash content of 8%, no solid remains and falls from the roaster as it burns, causing cracks in the fuel due to its high temperature combustion. The burned fuel, which has a larger surface area, further increases the combustion speed, and becomes finer, falls through the ventilation slits of the Roaster,
Due to heat radiation, the temperature decreases, combustion stops, and the waste becomes unburned residue. Therefore, not only does the efficiency of fuel use decrease, but also an unexpected situation occurs in which the amount of solid fuel deposited during combustion decreases and disappears, or fine particles that fall from the ventilation slit of the roaster during combustion occur. This results in various disadvantages, such as the need for extra work to remove the fuel. Moreover, since the coke is sprayed with water during its manufacturing process, if drying and dehydration are insufficient, the moisture contained in it will turn into steam due to the heat of the fire during combustion, and will not be fully released and will be blown away, causing even more damage. It had the drawback of falling from Lostle.

<Means for solving the problem> The present invention improves the utilization efficiency of solid fuels, especially solid fuels with low ash content, and prevents the occurrence of unexpected situations such as involuntary disappearance due to atomization and agitation. The purpose is to significantly reduce residue through rapid ignition and almost complete combustion.

In order to achieve this purpose, the solid fuel is supported by a flat plate without ventilation slits, and a bottomless cylindrical body is provided which is supported on the flat plate and surrounds the solid fuel to form a combustion chamber. Further, an intake gap is formed between the lower end of the cylindrical body and the flat plate material.

<Function> Therefore, even if the combustion temperature of the solid fuel rises to a high temperature, causing cracks or flying, the finely divided fuel will not fall at all and will be supported on the flat plate material. Combustion continues with an appropriate amount of air that is naturally drawn in from the lower end through the circumferential intake gap, so there is no place where ventilation cannot reach, and the solid fuel is almost completely combusted, resulting in fine fuel falling. This makes it possible to reliably prevent waste due to disappearance and falling fuel itself.

Here, as the low ash solid fuel, one with an ash content of about 5% or less is used.

For example, anthracite has an ash content of about 10%;
Coal coke has an ash content of about 10-14%,
Ash is not used because it is a hassle to dispose of it. For example, ogalite and lignite have an ash content of about 5% or less, and petroleum coke has an ash content of less than 1%, so lignite, petroleum coke, and lignite are inexpensive. By using molded coke, briquettes, calcaina coke, charcoal, coal, pitch coke, etc. as fuel, there is no need to dispose of ash.

<Example> Hereinafter, an example will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing one embodiment of the solid fuel combustion device of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a central vertical cross-sectional view of the same. Solid fuel 1 above 2
a cylindrical body 3 surrounding the cylindrical body 3 and forming a combustion chamber 4; a body 5 provided continuously at the upper end of the cylindrical body 3; a solid fuel inlet 6 provided at the upper edge of the body 5; Torso 5
It consists of a chimney 7 provided on the side wall near the upper end of the chimney.

Further, a damper 7' may be provided in the chimney to appropriately regulate the exhaust amount. The inner periphery of the wall of the cylindrical body 3 is vertical,
Not only circular cross sections, but also 8-sided, hexagonal, 5-sided, 4-sided,
Various shapes, such as triangular, can be constructed depending on the necessity of the installation location and design requirements.

The receiving plate 2 is mainly composed of a metallic flat plate material with a predetermined thickness, and a heat insulating material such as castable or heat insulating brick is pasted to a predetermined thickness on the upper surface thereof to form a heat insulating layer 21. Legs 22, 22, 22 of a predetermined length are vertically provided on the peripheral edge of the lower surface, and a shutter 23 for dropping the solid fuel 1 is provided in the center of the receiving plate 2. Note that the receiving plate 2 may be composed of only the heat insulating material.

The cylindrical body 3 is mainly composed of a metal cylindrical body with a predetermined thickness, and a strong fireproof material with excellent heat insulation and heat retention ability is attached to the inner surface thereof to form a heat insulation layer 31.
Furthermore, legs 32, 3 of a predetermined length are attached to the lower edge of the metal cylinder.
2 and 32 are provided to form a predetermined air supply gap 36 between the receiving plate and the lower end of the cylindrical body, and pins 33, 33, 33 are protruded from the outer peripheral surface near the lower end and are fitted into the lower end of the metal cylindrical body. Taper grooves 35, 35, 35 are bored at predetermined positions of the fitted cylinder 34, and the pins 33, 3
3 and 33 and rotate the cylinder 34 to raise and lower the cylinder 34, thereby creating an air supply gap 36 formed between the lower end surface of the cylinder 3 and the upper surface of the receiving plate 2.
can be adjusted wide or narrow.

Note that 8 is a lid that closes the solid fuel inlet 6, 9 is a hole that directly supplies atmospheric air to the body 5 to adjust combustion, and 10 is a ring that closes the hole 9.

The operation of the solid fuel combustion device having the above configuration is as follows.

In the embodiment described above, since no ignition device is built-in, it is necessary to first put the ignition material 11 onto the receiving plate and ignite the ignition material 11. Ignition material 1
Examples of igniting materials include firewood piled up in different directions, two or three rods made by compressing paper, etc., and impregnated with oil, connected together so that they can rotate. A known one may be used.

After confirming that the ignition material 11 has been ignited, a predetermined amount of solid fuel 1 is introduced from the solid fuel inlet 6.
The solid fuel 1 is supported on the receiving plate in a state covering the ignition material 11, and due to its block form, it is deposited with gaps between each other so as not to impede ventilation. In addition, the intake gap 36 is a complete ventilation gap between the cylindrical body, the bottom surface, and the receiving plate, excluding the supporting legs, so that ventilation is not obstructed almost all around the circumference.

Thereafter, as the ignition material 11 burns, the heating temperature of the solid fuel 1 rises, and volatile matter comes out of the solid due to thermal decomposition and burns in the air, and the atmospheric temperature of the combustion chamber 4 rises. Natural intake air occurs from the intake gap at the lower end, and after these combustions and the ambient temperature reach a predetermined temperature, the solid fuel obtains oxygen from the intake air, reaches the ignition point, and begins to burn.

When the solid fuel 1 begins to burn and all the accumulated solids become red-hot and burn at high temperatures due to radiant heat, they crack, become fine, and are blown away. Therefore, even the finely divided solid fuel stays in the high-temperature combustion chamber 4 without falling, and continues to burn due to the radiant heat from the cylindrical body 3, the heat retention effect, and the intake effect from all around.

Further, as the solid fuel 1 burns, combustion exhaust gas is discharged through the chimney 7, and atmospheric air is sucked into the combustion chamber 4 through the intake gap 36.

Here, it has been confirmed through experiments that the dimensions of the intake gap 36 have a large effect on the combustion of the solid fuel 1, and by setting an appropriate balance between intake and exhaust, even if the intake gap 36 is not thickly stacked. The low ash content solid fuel 1 can be combusted vigorously, and there is no need to provide any special blower device.

That is, if the intake gap 36 is set too high, a large amount of cold air will flow into the combustion chamber 4, and the rate of heat dissipation will exceed the rate of heat generation, lowering the atmospheric temperature of the combustion chamber 4, causing the solid fuel 1 to disappear. Furthermore, if the intake gap 36 is set too low, the amount of air flowing into the combustion chamber 4 becomes too small, which may cause the solid fuel 1 to disappear or cause a backup fire.

As the combustion continues, the amount of solid fuel 1 gradually decreases, and when it approaches the limit amount that can continue combustion, the solid fuel inlet 6 is opened and additional solid fuel 1 is added to continue combustion. can do.
Additional supply may be done either manually or mechanically.

Therefore, a temperature sensing element is provided to detect the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas passing through the chimney 7, and when the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensing element falls below a predetermined temperature, a predetermined amount of solid fuel 1 is supplied. By providing a supply device for charging, it becomes possible to reliably prevent combustion from being interrupted due to forgetting to charge the solid fuel 1. In order to interrupt combustion, a so-called extinguisher pot made of an insulating material and airtight is provided, the shutter 23 is opened and the solid fuel 1 in the combustion chamber 4 is dropped into the shutter 23.
or take it out to the outside, or lower the cylinder 34 to close the intake gap 36 and open the holes 9, 9.
All you have to do is open up...

In the above embodiment, even if the solid fuel cracks and becomes fine, it will not fall and will be supported on the receiving plate, and moreover, the atmosphere will be sucked in from the entire outer periphery and rise into the intake gap provided at the lower end of the combustion chamber. Therefore, it burns together with the solid fuel that continues to burn, and it is possible to burn most of the solid fuel without leaving any remains.

In addition, when petroleum coke with an ash content of 0.2% is used as the solid fuel, the amount of petroleum coke remaining in an unburned state on the upper surface of the receiving plate 2 is approximately 60 to 70 g for the initial input amount of 500 g. Moreover, this remaining petroleum coke can be combusted again, and even if the petroleum coke is continuously burned by adding 500g of petroleum coke several times, the amount of petroleum coke that remains unburned on the upper surface of the receiving plate 2. is about 60-70
g, and there is almost no change.

In this case, almost no ash formation was observed.

In the above embodiment, the combustion chamber and the receiving plate are provided with a heat insulating layer, which makes the combustion chamber and the receiving plate strong, and the heat insulating ability of the heat insulating layer blocks out cold air from the outside during combustion of solid fuel. Combustion temperature and radiant heat retention can be measured.

FIG. 4a is a plan view of a receiving plate 2 showing still another embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the same at the center.
The only difference is that 2 was provided.

That is, the ignition device 12 shown in FIGS. 4a and 5
is constituted by a ceramic heater that is approximately ladle-shaped or gourd-shaped when viewed from above, and is set on the upper surface of the heat insulating layer 21 on the uppermost surface of the receiving plate 2. By surrounding the electrode parts 13, 13 of the ceramic heater with the cylindrical body 3 and positioning them outside the formed combustion chamber 4, direct exposure to the high temperature atmosphere during combustion of solid fuel such as petroleum coke is prevented. There is.
Alternatively, a large number of known plate-shaped, square, round bar-shaped, tube-shaped, etc. ceramic heaters may be attached to the inner surface of the heat insulating layer (Fig. 4b), and the electrode portions of each ceramic heater may be protected in the same manner as described above. so that the current is applied outside the combustion chamber.

It should be noted that the configuration of other parts is the same as that of the first embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted.

In the case of this embodiment, the solid fuel can be combusted in almost the same manner as in the first embodiment, and when igniting the solid fuel, it is only necessary to energize the ceramic heater, making the operation easier. It can be further simplified.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a receiving plate 2 showing still another embodiment, and FIG. 7a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the same at the center. There are only points.

That is, the ignition device 12 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7a
A gas burner 14 is set on the upper surface of the central part of the receiving plate 2, and a metal plate 15 that can be loosely inserted into the lower edge of the cylindrical body 3 is placed on the upper surface of the gas burner 14.
A pipe 14' that supplies fuel to the gas burner 14,
It penetrates the receiving plate 2 in the vertical direction. Further, as an ignition device 12 using a gas burner, a gas burner 14 is provided on the lower surface of the cylindrical body 3 as shown in FIG. The stack of coke is heated and ignited from the bottom end. 1
4' is a gas supply pipe.

It should be noted that the configuration of other parts is the same as that of the first embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted.

In the case of this embodiment, the solid fuel can be combusted in almost the same manner as in the first embodiment, and when igniting the solid fuel, it is only necessary to ignite the gas burner 14, so there are no operations required. It can be further simplified.

In this embodiment, the metal plate 15 is placed on the upper surface of the gas burner 14 to ensure that the fine solid fuel is not located near the gas discharge hole of the gas burner 14 and causes a backfire phenomenon. If there is no risk of causing a backfire phenomenon, the metal plate 15 can be omitted.

Moreover, if the gas burner 14 is formed into a ring shape larger than the opening at the lower edge of the heat insulating layer 31 and has a gas discharge hole bored in the inner peripheral edge, the metal plate 15 can be made unnecessary.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the receiving plate 2 showing still another embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the center of the same. The only point is that 12 is provided.

That is, the ignition device 12 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9
A carbon rod 16 is passed through a portion near the periphery of the receiving plate 2,
A metal plate 17 is installed upright and swings toward and away from the carbon rod 16, and the carbon rod 16 and the metal plate 17 are connected to each other.
A DC voltage is applied between the Then, an operating section 17' for swinging the metal plate 17 is located outside the combustion chamber 4, and the carbon rod 16 and the metal plate 17 are moved by swinging the metal plate 17 manually or by a motor. An arc is generated in between.

It should be noted that the configuration of other parts is the same as that of the first embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted.

In the case of this embodiment, the solid fuel can be combusted in substantially the same manner as in the first embodiment, and when the solid fuel is ignited, the metal plate 17 is oscillated to generate an arc. The operation can be further simplified.

In this embodiment, the carbon rod 16 and the metal plate 1
7 is provided near the periphery of the receiving plate 2 in order to prevent the interposition of the solid fuel 1 to be introduced into the combustion chamber 4 from interfering with the swinging of the metal plate 17. If rocking or reciprocating movement with respect to the carbon rod 16 can be ensured, it is convenient to provide it in the center of the receiving plate where a large amount of solid fuel 1 is present, since this can increase the ignition efficiency.

In addition, in order to ensure the rocking of the metal plate 17,
For example, a carbon rod 16 is passed through and erected in the center of the receiving plate 2, and a groove is bored at a predetermined position on the upper surface of the receiving plate 2, facing the carbon rod 16, so that the metal plate 17 can be moved back and forth. The solid fuel 1 may be configured to fit into the groove, and since the solid fuel 1 is considerably larger than the width of the groove, there is no risk of it fitting into the groove.
7 can be smoothly reciprocated, and the ignition operation can be performed efficiently in the central part of the receiving plate where a large amount of solid fuel is present.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing another embodiment used as a furnace for roasting fish and shellfish, etc., and FIG. 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the same at the center. Place the gridiron 37 on the top surface of the sheathed heater 1.
A second ignition device is installed horizontally within the cylindrical body 3.

Incidentally, instead of the sheathed heater, a ceramic heater 12 shown in FIG. 12 may be placed on the receiving plate 2 and used.

If the top is open like this,
Even with high-calorie fuel, there is little risk that the ignition device will burn out.

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a furnace for cooking grilled foods such as fish and shellfish that can use solid fuel as is.

Furthermore, as another embodiment, a furnace as shown in the vertical sectional view of FIG. 13 may be constructed and fixed or movably installed in a kitchen, workshop, etc.

In the same figure, 5A is the furnace, 5B is the fuel inlet, and 5C
indicates openings for pots, pots, etc.

<Effects of the invention> As described above, the present invention is able to completely support the solid fuel on the receiving plate, which has no ventilation slits, even when solid fuel that cracks during combustion is used. Since a circumferential intake gap is formed between the lower end of the cylindrical body that surrounds the solid fuel and forms the combustion chamber and the receiving plate, ventilation does not reach the lower end corner of the solid fuel. In addition, combustion is almost complete due to the radiant heat and heat retention effect of the heat insulating layer attached vertically to the inside of the combustion chamber in a cylindrical shape. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently burn solid fuels such as various types of coke, which require time and effort to pulverize and reshape into fuel that prevents blow-off, and even low-cost solid fuels can be used as they are. . Since the combustion rate is high, the generation of harmful gases caused by solid fuel with poor composition and the amount of residual ash are extremely small, so it has the unique effect of preventing pollution caused by these.

In addition, the configuration is extremely simple, and there are almost no parts, so there is no need to devise and implement various shapes and configurations of combustion equipment depending on the purpose, and there is no need for high manufacturing costs. Summer.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing one embodiment of the combustion apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a central vertical sectional view of the same, FIG. Figure a is an enlarged plan view showing the main parts of another embodiment of the ignition device, Figure 4b is an enlarged sectional view showing the main parts of another embodiment of the same as above, and Figure 5 is an implementation of the ignition device of Figure 4a. 6 is an enlarged plan view of another ignition device, FIG. 7a is a sectional view of the same ignition device in its implemented state, and FIG. 7b is a sectional view of the same state.
8 is an enlarged plan view of another ignition device, FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the same ignition device in operation, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the same. FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 10, FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the ignition device of the same, and FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the same. 1... Solid fuel, 2... Receiving plate, 3... Cylindrical body, 4... Combustion chamber, 5... Body, 21, 31...
Heat insulating layer, 34...cylinder body, 36...intake gap.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] It consists of a receiving plate for supporting solid fuel that has no grooves or slits, and a bottomless cylindrical body that forms the combustion chamber. A solid fuel combustion device characterized in that a circumferential intake gap is formed between a lower end and a receiving plate, and a vertical, cylindrical heat-insulating layer is attached to an inner wall of a combustion chamber.