JPH04147793A - Production of melting type low bulk specific gravity flux for welding - Google Patents
Production of melting type low bulk specific gravity flux for weldingInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04147793A JPH04147793A JP27237390A JP27237390A JPH04147793A JP H04147793 A JPH04147793 A JP H04147793A JP 27237390 A JP27237390 A JP 27237390A JP 27237390 A JP27237390 A JP 27237390A JP H04147793 A JPH04147793 A JP H04147793A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- specific gravity
- bulk specific
- bulk
- raw materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
(産業上の利用分野)
この発明は、溶接用溶融型フラックス、とくに潜弧溶接
に適したかさ比重の低い溶融型フラックスの製造方法に
関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method for producing a molten flux for welding, particularly a molten flux with a low bulk specific gravity suitable for submerged arc welding.
(従来の技術)
低かさ比重の溶融型のフラックスは、高速溶接性が良い
ためビルドHなどの鉄骨部材や橋梁の1桁の隅肉溶接等
に広く適用されている。(Prior Art) Melting type fluxes with low bulk specific gravity have good high-speed weldability and are widely applied to fillet welding of steel frame members such as Build H and single-digit bridges.
かかるフラックスとしては、特公昭45−12969号
公報に開示されているように、溶解末期にガスを溶解さ
せ、水による急冷の際に該ガスの放出によって発泡させ
たもの、あるいは特開昭49−133241号公報に開
示されているように、フラックスの配合原料にグラファ
イト等の還元剤やA1等の脱酸剤を加え水による急冷ま
たは温水に投入して発泡させたもの等が知られている。Such a flux may be one in which gas is dissolved at the final stage of dissolution and foamed by releasing the gas during rapid cooling with water, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 12969/1983, or one in which gas is released during rapid cooling with water, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 12969/1982. As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 133241, it is known that a reducing agent such as graphite or a deoxidizing agent such as A1 is added to a blended raw material of flux, and the mixture is rapidly cooled with water or poured into hot water to cause foaming.
(発明が解決しようとする課題)
ところで、このようなフラックスは、かさ比重のコント
ロールが難しく、目標の基準からはずれたものについて
は再処理を行っているのが現状であり、しかも近年では
、構造物の種類に応じて、あるいはユーザーの要求によ
りフラックスのかさ比重を所定の値にコントロールする
必要も生じていて、製造工程の増大を招くことなしに所
望のかさ比重になるフラックスを得ることを可能とした
、低かさ比重フラックスの作り込み技術の確立が望まれ
いた。(Problem to be solved by the invention) By the way, it is difficult to control the bulk specific gravity of such fluxes, and those that deviate from the target standard are currently reprocessed.Moreover, in recent years, structural There is a need to control the bulk specific gravity of flux to a predetermined value depending on the type of product or user requests, and it is possible to obtain flux with the desired bulk specific gravity without increasing the manufacturing process. It was desired to establish a technology to create a flux with a low bulk specific gravity.
また、このようなフラックスは、一般的な溶接用フラッ
クスと比較しその製造過程で高温にて溶解し、水砕時に
発生する水素ガスによる効果を大きくして発泡させる必
要があるため、フラックスの製造の際に使用した電気炉
などの寿命が著しく短く、炉の補修費用が嵩む他に、電
力費も高くついてコスト的にも不利な面があった。In addition, compared to general welding flux, this kind of flux melts at a high temperature during the manufacturing process, and it is necessary to increase the effect of hydrogen gas generated during fracking and foam, so it is difficult to manufacture the flux. The lifespan of the electric furnaces used in this process was extremely short, and not only did furnace repair costs increase, but electricity costs were also high, which was disadvantageous in terms of cost.
かさ比重のコントロールを容易にするとともに安定操業
を行い、比較的低温でも所定のかさ比重になるフラック
スを得ることができる技術を提案することがこの発明の
目的である。It is an object of the present invention to propose a technology that allows easy control of bulk specific gravity, stable operation, and obtains a flux having a predetermined bulk specific gravity even at a relatively low temperature.
(課題を解決するための手段)
この発明は、溶接用フラックスの配合原料に6wt%以
下のMnO2を添加して、この配合原料を溶解、水砕し
てかさ比重が0.7〜1.40の範囲とするフラックス
とすることを特徴とする溶接用溶融型低かさ比重フラッ
クスの製造方法である。(Means for Solving the Problems) This invention adds 6 wt% or less MnO2 to a blended raw material of welding flux, melts and pulverizes this blended raw material, and achieves a bulk specific gravity of 0.7 to 1.40. This is a method for producing a molten type low bulk specific gravity flux for welding, characterized in that the flux falls within the range of .
また、この発明においては、上記の配合原料に3、0w
t%以下の還元材を添加することもできる。In addition, in this invention, 3.0w is added to the above blended raw materials.
It is also possible to add t% or less of a reducing agent.
(作用)
低かさ比重になる溶融型フラックスを製造するに当って
は、その組成に著しい相違がないにも係わらず、かさ比
重が大きくばらつくことかあり、安定操業の阻害原因に
なっていた。(Function) When producing a molten flux that has a low bulk specific gravity, the bulk specific gravity may vary greatly even though there is no significant difference in the composition, which has been a cause of hindering stable operation.
ここに、配合原料中のMn原料としては、一般に炭酸M
n、 Mn鉱石あるいは該鉱石を還元したものか使用さ
れていて、このうち炭酸MnについてはC02ガスを多
く含む(20〜35%)ため、溶解歩留りが悪く、従っ
てこの点からすれば、これに比較し安価でもあるMn鉱
石を使用するのが有利であるが、かかる原料は低かさ比
重フラックスの製造に際して発泡性を劣化させることが
種々実験と検討を重ねた結果判明した。この発明におい
ては配合原料中のとくに、MnO□量がフラックスの発
泡性を左右するとの知見から、その添加量をコントロー
ルすることにより安定かつ低コスト操業を行えるように
、また還元剤を併用することにより温度の比較的低い操
業を可能としたものである。Here, the Mn raw material in the blended raw materials is generally Mn carbonate.
Mn ore or a reduced version of the ore is used. Among these, Mn carbonate contains a large amount of CO2 gas (20 to 35%), so the dissolution yield is poor, so from this point of view, it is Although it is advantageous to use Mn ore, which is relatively inexpensive, it has been found through various experiments and studies that such a raw material deteriorates foaming properties when producing a low bulk specific gravity flux. In this invention, based on the knowledge that the amount of MnO□ in the blended raw materials affects the foaming properties of the flux, it is possible to achieve stable and low-cost operation by controlling the amount of MnO□ added, and also to use a reducing agent in combination. This enabled operation at relatively low temperatures.
炭酸Mn、 Mn鉱石の混合品や還元処理したMn鉱石
等を種々組合せ、表−1に示すような目標フラックス成
分となるよう配合原料を調整し、その際、該配合原料中
のMnO2の量を1〜10%の範囲で、また還元剤(こ
こではコークス粉を使用)についても0〜3.5%の範
囲で種々変化させた場合におけるフラックスの配合原料
中のMnO2とかさ比重の関係を調査した結果を第1図
及び第2図に示す。Various combinations of Mn carbonate, Mn ore mixtures, reduced Mn ores, etc. were used to adjust the blended raw materials to achieve the target flux components shown in Table 1. At that time, the amount of MnO2 in the blended raw materials was adjusted. We investigated the relationship between MnO2 in the flux blend raw materials and bulk specific gravity when the reducing agent (coke powder was used here) was varied in the range of 1 to 10% and in the range of 0 to 3.5%. The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
表1
ここに、
上記MnO□及び還元剤の量は、
配合原料中
に存在するCO2を除いた固形分中に占める割合として
、例えば配合重量100中にCO2を30%含む炭酸S
lnを50含んでいる場合における固形分85に対する
MnO2量で示している。Table 1 Here, the amounts of the above MnO
It is shown as the amount of MnO2 relative to the solid content of 85 in the case of containing 50 ln.
上期第1図は、炉の寿命を考慮して、配合原料の溶解に
際し湯温を1700℃とした場合(上限の温度)であり
、配合原料中のMn0zの量が低くなるほどかさ比重が
小さくなり、また還元剤の添加効果も顕著であって、こ
のことから発泡性に関しては0量がマイナスに作用し、
還元メタルのMnと水砕時の水とが反応して発生した水
素が発泡性に寄与すると考えられる。Figure 1 of the first half shows the case where the hot water temperature was set at 1700°C (upper limit temperature) when melting the blended raw materials, taking into account the life of the furnace, and the lower the amount of Mn0z in the blended raw materials, the smaller the bulk specific gravity. Also, the effect of adding a reducing agent is significant, and from this, 0 amount has a negative effect on foaming properties.
It is thought that the hydrogen generated by the reaction between the reduced metal Mn and the water during granulation contributes to the foaming property.
また第2図は生産性や電力の消費などを考慮し、配合原
料の溶解に際し湯温を1550°C(下限の温度)とし
た場合であり、第2図においても同様の傾向であって、
従来不可能であった1550℃程度の低温においても生
産性等の劣化を伴うことなにし所望のかさ比重になるフ
ラックスを得ることができることがわかる。In addition, Figure 2 shows the case where the water temperature was set at 1550°C (lower limit temperature) when dissolving the blended raw materials, taking productivity and power consumption into consideration, and the same trend is observed in Figure 2.
It can be seen that it is possible to obtain a flux having a desired bulk density without deteriorating productivity etc. even at a low temperature of about 1550° C., which was previously impossible.
この発明において、とくに配合原料中のMnO2の添加
量を6.0%以下としたのは、第1図においても明らか
なようにMnO2の添加量か6.0%を超えるとかさ比
重を所定の値にコントロールするのか困難となるばかり
か、還元剤の添加効果も小さくなるからである。In this invention, the reason why the amount of MnO2 added in the blended raw materials is set to 6.0% or less is because, as is clear from FIG. 1, if the amount of MnO2 added exceeds 6.0%, the bulk specific gravity is This is because not only is it difficult to control the value, but the effect of adding the reducing agent is also reduced.
また、配合原料に3.0%を上限として還元剤を添加す
るのは、還元剤の添加量が3.0%を超えるとフラック
ス中に残存するC量が著しく増力「し溶接金属の靭性を
著しく劣化させるからである。In addition, adding a reducing agent to the blended raw materials with an upper limit of 3.0% is because if the amount of reducing agent added exceeds 3.0%, the amount of C remaining in the flux will significantly increase the strength and deteriorate the toughness of the weld metal. This is because it causes significant deterioration.
フラックスのかさ比重を0,7〜1.40の範囲とする
のがよいのは、かさ比重が0.7未満ではフラックスの
表面積が著しく増加し、水砕時に微細孔に入った水分が
乾燥中に充分に除去されず、フラックス中に含有される
水分が増加しブローホールやピットが多発するようにな
るからであり、一方かさ比重が1.40を超えると高速
溶接における作業性が悪化するようになり、とくにアン
ダーカットが発生し易くなるためスラグの剥離性が劣化
する不具合がある。The reason why the bulk specific gravity of the flux is preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1.40 is because if the bulk specific gravity is less than 0.7, the surface area of the flux will increase significantly, and the water that entered the micropores during water crushing will be absorbed during drying. This is because the moisture contained in the flux increases and blowholes and pits occur frequently because the flux is not removed sufficiently. On the other hand, when the bulk specific gravity exceeds 1.40, workability during high-speed welding deteriorates. The problem is that undercuts are particularly likely to occur, resulting in poor slag removability.
フラックスのかさ比重に関しては溶接する鋼材の板厚や
施工方法などに併せて上記の範囲で調整すればよい。The bulk specific gravity of the flux may be adjusted within the above range depending on the thickness of the steel material to be welded, the construction method, etc.
この発明に適合するフラックスの組成としては、例えば
JIS規格SM41の如き鋼種を溶接するにあたっては
、5i0245.0〜53.0%、MnO28,0〜3
8.0%、Mg02.0〜12.0%、Ca02.0〜
8.0%、CaF20.5〜3.0%その他BaO等の
組成になるフラックスを適用するなど、溶接すべき鋼種
によって種々変化するけれども、上記の条件を満足する
ようなフラックスとすることによって所期した目的を達
成することかできるのであり、溶解過程での各湯温にお
けるかさ比重−MnO2線図を予め作成しておくことに
より安定した操業か可能となる。For example, when welding steel such as JIS SM41, the composition of the flux that is compatible with this invention is 5i0245.0-53.0%, MnO28.0-3
8.0%, Mg02.0~12.0%, Ca02.0~
Although it varies depending on the type of steel to be welded, by using a flux that satisfies the above conditions, such as applying a flux with a composition of 8.0% CaF, 20.5 to 3.0% CaF, or other BaO, etc. It is possible to achieve the intended purpose, and stable operation is possible by preparing in advance a bulk specific gravity-MnO2 diagram at each hot water temperature during the melting process.
なお、MnO2量については、原料コストを考え各種原
料を混合したり、還元処理したものを適宜使用し炉の寿
命を考慮に入れてコストミニマムとなるようにすればよ
い。また還元剤としてはコークスを使用してもよいが、
一般的に使用されているグラファイトなどを用いてもよ
いのはしない。Regarding the amount of MnO2, it is possible to minimize the cost by mixing various raw materials in consideration of raw material cost, or by appropriately using reduced-treated materials and taking into account the life of the furnace. Coke may also be used as a reducing agent, but
It is okay to use commonly used materials such as graphite.
(実施例)
フラックスの配合原料所定量の珪砂、炭酸Mn、マクネ
ジアクリンカ−1炭酸カルシウム、蛍石を配合したフラ
ックス原料に、それぞれ表−2に示す目標かさ比重とな
るように1.1〜8.5wt%の範囲でMnO2を添加
して、溶解、水砕して表−2に示す潜弧溶接用のフラッ
クスを得た。(Example) Mixing raw materials for flux A predetermined amount of silica sand, Mn carbonate, Macnesia linker 1 calcium carbonate, and fluorite were mixed into a flux raw material, each of which was mixed to have a target bulk specific gravity of 1.1 as shown in Table 2. MnO2 was added in a range of 8.5 wt%, melted and granulated to obtain a flux for submerged arc welding shown in Table 2.
なお、この実施例ではMnO2量に応じ、予め用意して
おいた第1.2図と同様な各湯温でのかさ比重−MnO
2線図を参考にして還元剤の量と溶解の際の湯温を選定
した。In addition, in this example, according to the amount of MnO2, bulk specific gravity - MnO at each water temperature similar to that shown in Figure 1.2 prepared in advance.
The amount of reducing agent and temperature of hot water during dissolution were selected with reference to the two-line diagram.
その結果、この発明に従う場合には、はぼ目標とするか
さ比重になるフラックスを得ることかできた。これに対
し、とくにMnO□量が高くした供試No、 5につい
ては湯温を1720℃と高く設定したにも係わらず、目
標とするかさ比重から大きくはずれていることが確かめ
られた。As a result, when the present invention was followed, it was possible to obtain a flux having a bulk specific gravity as targeted. On the other hand, it was confirmed that sample No. 5, in which the amount of MnO□ was particularly high, deviated greatly from the target bulk specific gravity even though the hot water temperature was set as high as 1720°C.
(発明の効果)
かくしてこの発明によれば、ビルドH等鉄骨向けの鋼材
の潜弧溶接の際に使用するフラックスのかさ比重を任意
に、しかも正確に調整できる。またこの発明によれば、
フラックスの配合原料に添加するMn原料として、目標
のかさ比重となる範囲内で安価なMn鉱石を使用できる
のでフラックスの製造コストを極力軽減できる利点があ
る。(Effects of the Invention) Thus, according to the present invention, the bulk specific gravity of the flux used during latent arc welding of steel materials for steel frames such as Build H can be arbitrarily and accurately adjusted. Also, according to this invention,
Since an inexpensive Mn ore can be used within the range that provides the target bulk specific gravity as the Mn raw material added to the blended raw material of the flux, there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost of the flux can be reduced as much as possible.
第1図及び第2図は、配合原料中のMnO□量とフラッ
クスのかさ比重の関係を示したグラフである。
第1
図FIGS. 1 and 2 are graphs showing the relationship between the amount of MnO□ in the blended raw materials and the bulk specific gravity of the flux. Figure 1
Claims (1)
O_2を添加して、この配合原料を溶解、水砕してかさ
比重が0.7〜1.40の範囲になるフラックスとする
ことを特徴とする溶接用溶融型低かさ比重フラックスの
製造方法。 2、配合原料に3.0wt%以下の還元剤を添加した請
求項1記載の方法。[Claims] 1. 6 wt% or less of Mn in the blended raw material of welding flux
A method for producing a molten type low bulk specific gravity flux for welding, which comprises adding O_2 and melting and pulverizing the blended raw materials to obtain a flux having a bulk specific gravity in the range of 0.7 to 1.40. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein 3.0 wt% or less of a reducing agent is added to the blended raw materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2272373A JP2781266B2 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1990-10-12 | Method for producing molten low-density specific gravity flux for welding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2272373A JP2781266B2 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1990-10-12 | Method for producing molten low-density specific gravity flux for welding |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04147793A true JPH04147793A (en) | 1992-05-21 |
| JP2781266B2 JP2781266B2 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
Family
ID=17512987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2272373A Expired - Lifetime JP2781266B2 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1990-10-12 | Method for producing molten low-density specific gravity flux for welding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2781266B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008093696A (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-24 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Welding Co Ltd | Fused flux for submerged arc welding |
| JP2023007912A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-19 | 日鉄溶接工業株式会社 | Melting type flux for submerged arc welding |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS49133241A (en) * | 1973-04-26 | 1974-12-20 | ||
| JPS58100996A (en) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-15 | Nippon Steel Weld Prod & Eng Co Ltd | Raw material for welding fused flux |
| JPS59147796A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-24 | Hanshin Yosetsu Kizai Kk | Production of fused flux for submerged arc welding |
-
1990
- 1990-10-12 JP JP2272373A patent/JP2781266B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS49133241A (en) * | 1973-04-26 | 1974-12-20 | ||
| JPS58100996A (en) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-15 | Nippon Steel Weld Prod & Eng Co Ltd | Raw material for welding fused flux |
| JPS59147796A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-24 | Hanshin Yosetsu Kizai Kk | Production of fused flux for submerged arc welding |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008093696A (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-24 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Welding Co Ltd | Fused flux for submerged arc welding |
| JP2023007912A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-19 | 日鉄溶接工業株式会社 | Melting type flux for submerged arc welding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2781266B2 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
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