JPH0418809B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation device.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

In conventional hydroponic cultivation methods, a pool is provided below a culture bed with planting holes through which the stems or trunks of cultivated plants are inserted, and a pool is provided to store and flow the culture solution. is immersed in the culture solution in the pool. This has the disadvantage that air circulation to the roots of cultivated plants is insufficient. In addition, since the roots are caught in the bottom of the pool, even if the roots grow, they are limited by the area of the pool, resulting in dense and overgrowth. Especially in the summer, the temperature of the culture solution increases, which further increases the effects of the temperature, resulting in insufficient absorption of nutrients and air through the roots, root rot, and poor shelf life after harvesting. There is a drawback. In addition, when flowing the culture solution, it is impossible to use a pool longer than 3 meters to ensure homogeneity of the culture solution, so it is not suitable for large-scale hydroponic cultivation. There is also a drawback that there is no.

Furthermore, instead of providing a pool as described above, a conventional technique is also known in which a bed is provided below the culture solution to receive the roots, and a sponge is provided on top of this to absorb the culture solution (for example, in 1983-
12354).

Furthermore, a structure has been proposed in which a corrugated bottom bed is provided in place of the sponge bed below the culture solution so that a small amount of the culture solution can be stored (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 117732/1983).

However, in all of these conventional techniques, the root nurturing space, that is, the space between the culture bed and the substrate, is substantially sealed, resulting in insufficient supply of oxygen to the roots of cultivated plants and the lack of nutrients provided by spraying the culture solution. Overhumidity in the root space causes high temperatures and high humidity, leading to stunted root development and, in some cases, root rot, and plants grown in this way have problems with being kept in the sun after being harvested. Ta.

In order to compensate for the lack of oxygen supply to the roots as described above, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-49326 discloses a plant growing tool consisting of a hollow rod-shaped body with a notch on the side for supplying oxygen into the soil. Although,
Although this technique is considered to be effective to a certain extent in normal plant cultivation where most of the roots are in the soil, it is not effective for hydroponic cultivation in which the above-mentioned culture solution is sprayed onto the roots exposed to the air. Actively supplying air to the root space destabilized the root field environment and was interpreted as inappropriate.

[Means to solve the problem]

This invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and it prevents the roots of cultivated plants from crowding and allows the roots to be sufficiently exposed to air. The purpose is to prevent rot and produce crops that are in good growth condition and have a long shelf life after being harvested.

The present invention employs the following means to achieve the above object. That is, a planting hole is provided in the culture bed into which the stem or trunk of the cultivated plant is inserted, and a substratum is provided below the culture bed to support the roots of the cultivated plant, so that a nourishing root is substantially sealed between the two. A space is formed, and a culture solution supply means is provided for injecting a culture solution into the root feeding space, and the remaining culture solution on the substrate is collected downward via the edge of the substrate, and the culture solution supply means is used to collect the remaining culture solution on the substrate. In a hydroponic cultivation device configured to circulate and supply water to the root nourishment space, the culture bed is provided with ventilation holes, and another substrate is provided below the substrate below the culture bed, and between the two substrates. They took measures such as forming a cavity in the tank and installing a ventilation fan that sucks the air in the cavity and exhausts it to the outside air, and a ventilation fan that sucks and exhausts the air in the gas phase of the septic tank.

Therefore, when the air below the culture solution is forcibly sucked and discharged to the outside, outside air is introduced from the culture solution ventilation hole that leads to the substantially sealed root nourishing space.
In addition to supplying fresh air (oxygen) to the roots of the root-nurturing space to promote growth, it also provides air in the root-nurturing space from the cavity formed by providing two layers of substrate, one above the other. Since the air is sucked out by the ventilation fan, the flow rate of the air entering through the ventilation holes is appropriately restricted, making it possible to form an airflow suitable for the growth of plants. By actively bringing air into contact with the culture solution in this manner, deterioration of the culture solution can be prevented and conditions suitable for the growth of cultivated plants can be maintained.

At the same time, the outside air introduced into the root-nurturing space is injected with culture solution, which greatly reduces the humidity in the over-humidified root-nurturing space and adjusts the humidity, thereby promoting absorption and metabolism in the roots of the root-nurturing space. In addition, it is possible to activate microorganisms in the root field, further promoting the growth of cultivated plants.

In hot summer months, the outside air introduced into the root-nurturing space can promote evaporative cooling in the root-nurturing space, and it is possible to avoid root weakening or root rot due to high temperature and humidity. Cultivation can be carried out efficiently throughout the year, and by releasing air from the cooled root-nurturing space, the environment for workers working in the greenhouse can be maintained at low cost, allowing for efficient cultivation throughout the year. It can be done.

In carrying out this invention, covering the gap formed between the edge of the culture bed and the edge of the bottom bed with a lid or the like will prevent the culture solution stored in the recessed portion of the bottom bed from entering. This is particularly effective when the culture solution is repeatedly reused because it can prevent contamination of foreign substances such as dust, evaporation of the culture solution to the outside, and temperature changes. Furthermore, by making the lid easy to remove, it becomes convenient for cultivation management, such as rooting and root observation.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, this invention will be specifically explained with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 has a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the above-mentioned embodiment. It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the hydroponic cultivation house, and the third
The figure is a plan view of this hydroponic cultivation house.

As shown in Figure 3, each hydroponic cultivation house H has a width of, for example, 10 meters and a length of 96 meters. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 having a width is arranged in rows of three beds each in the length direction and six beds in the width direction.

As shown in FIG. 1, each hydroponic cultivation device 1 includes a culture bed 2, two bottom beds 3 and 4, and a culture bed formed between the culture bed 2 and the bottom plates 3 and 4. It is provided with a root space 5 and a culture solution supply means 6 for spouting a culture solution onto the upper part of this root nourishment space 5.

In the culture bed 2, planting holes 7 into which stems or trunks of cultivated plants (not shown) are inserted are formed at appropriate intervals. The upper substrate 3 that supports the roots of the cultivated plants below the culture bed 2 is formed of a corrugated iron plate that waves in the width direction, and extends diagonally downward on both sides from the center 3a in the width direction in an eight-figure shape. The bottom floor 4 of the lower stage is inclined downward from the center in the width direction in an inverted eight shape from positions at appropriate intervals on both sides of these inclined parts 3b. Constructed from sheets of corrugated slate. The above-mentioned inclination angle is maintained to such an extent that the culture solution ejected from each nozzle 6b is slightly collected in the troughs of the corrugated plate, and the lower root nourishing space 5 formed by the substrate 3 and substrate 4 is maintained. In order to create a structure with equal ventilation to the cavity 30 and the ventilation fan 31, the upper floor 3 is made of corrugated iron plate and kept at 20 degrees, and the lower floor 4 is made of commercially available slate and kept at 30 degrees to increase the amount of ventilation. This reduces the pressure difference in the longitudinally long culture bed and averages out the amount of ventilation in the root nourishing space 5. A large number of recesses 8 are formed in the bottom beds 3 and 4, each formed by a valley portion of the upper surface of each waveform. A square groove 9 is provided in the center of the bottom floor 4 of the lower stage. Further, the upper surfaces of the bottom floors 3 and 4 are covered with a waterproof membrane (not shown) that is brought into close contact with the recessed portions.

The culture solution supply means 6 is provided with a pipe 6a extending over almost the entire length of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 above the central portion 3a of the upper substrate 3, and a pipe 6a that is erected at an appropriate interval in the longitudinal direction of these pipes. It is equipped with a large number of nozzles 6b. The culture solution ejected from the nozzle 6b turns into water droplets, increases the humidity in the root nourishing space 5, falls down, and is stored in a predetermined amount in each recess 8 of each substrate 3, 4. Further, the old culture solution previously stored in the recess 8 is washed away by the culture solution ejected from the nozzle 6b, and is collected in the groove 9 through each bottom bed 3, 4.

As shown in FIG. 3, a drainage pipe 10 is buried in the soil below the trench 9, and is buried in the soil to the side of the culture bed 2 and bottom beds 3 and 4. The distal end of the drain pipe 10 is communicated with a gas phase section 12 formed at the upper part of the septic tank/culture solution storage tank 11. This gas phase portion 12 is communicated with an inlet of a ventilation fan 13 placed above the tank 11. Further, the pipe 6 is connected to the lower liquid phase part 14 in the tank 11 through a conduit 16 in which a filter 15 is interposed to the pump 6c of the culture supply means 6.
a is connected.

The sieved culture solution collected in the groove 9 is sucked into the tank 11 through the drain pipe 10 together with the air in the root nourishing space 5, and is sucked into the tank 11 through the drain pipe 10 buried in the soil and into the drop opening of the tank 11. The area is mixed with the air taken in from the root nourishing space 5 and purified by aeration. Furthermore, waste components are separated by sedimentation in the septic tank 11. In this way, waste components are separated, and the regenerated culture solution is cooled by underground water in a culture solution cooling device (not shown) at necessary times, especially in the summer, and is again used for nourishing roots by the culture solution supply means 6. It is supplied to the space 5.

The culture bed 2 and the bottom beds 3 and 4 are supported by support frames 11 planted in the soil at a number of locations spaced at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction. In addition, a lid 17, an airtight barrier membrane 18a and a side wall 1 are provided between the culture bed 2, the bottom bed 4, and both outer edges.
8b, to prevent foreign matter such as dirt from entering the root nourishing space 5 through this gap, preventing the culture solution from seeping out of the root nourishing space 5, transpiring, and changing the water temperature. Loss due to pollution and transpiration and temperature changes are reduced.

In order to replenish the root nourishing space 5 with an amount of air equivalent to the air sucked out from the root nourishing space 5 through the gas phase part 12 of the septic tank and culture solution storage tank 11 by the ventilation fan 13, the culture bed 2 A ventilation hole 19 is formed in the. This ventilation hole 19 is provided in the culture bed 2 at a close distance from the nozzle 6b in order to increase the contact efficiency between the culture liquid droplets injected from the nozzle 6b and the replenished air. covered.

Further, the air is sent into the house H together with the air drawn by the ventilation fan 31 from the cavity 30 formed between the bottom floor 3 and the bottom floor 4, and is used for air conditioning within the house H.

That is, the evaporatively cooled air is transferred to the ventilation fan 3.
1, the air is forcibly discharged into the working space in House H to cool the working space, and the volume of the culture bed is increased, so the air volume can be increased.
It is possible to sufficiently lower the temperature inside the building, and in the summer it can reach temperatures as low as 40
It can reduce the pain of workers in high temperatures that reach temperatures above ℃.

In addition, this ventilation allows fresh air to flow in through the ventilation holes 19, preventing overhumidity in the root nourishing space 5 and supplying oxygen.

That is, the outside air introduced into the root nourishing space 5 through the ventilation hole 19 of the culture bed 2 is injected with a culture solution,
It is possible to significantly reduce the humidity in the root nourishing space 5 which is in an overhumidified state, thereby promoting the growth of the roots in the root nourishing space and activating the microorganisms in the root field.

In hot summer months, the low-temperature outside air introduced into the root-nurturing space can promote evaporative cooling of the root-nurturing space 5, thereby avoiding root weakening or root rot due to high temperature and humidity. It can promote the growth of cultivated plants.

When the roots of the cultivated plants grow below the culture bed 2, they are first received by the upper substrate 3 and grow along the recesses, and then, like the flow of the culture solution, they cross over the recesses. It spreads diagonally downward along the slope part 3b while forming a stepped mesh shape. As the root grows further, the root hangs down from between the outer edge of the sloped portion 3b and the lower substrate 4, and extends along the slope of the substrate 4 to the center. It extends downward. In this way, as the roots grow, they gradually spread over a wide area, so it is possible to prevent the roots from becoming densely overgrown and to prevent the occurrence of root rot. In addition, nutrients can be sufficiently absorbed from the large number of recesses 8 distributed over a wide range, and since most of the roots are in direct contact with the air in the root nourishing space 5, there is sufficient absorption of oxygen in the air. This means that it can be absorbed into As a result, cultivated plants grow better and have a longer shelf life after being harvested.

It should be noted that it is sufficient to perform the supply of the above-mentioned culture solution and suction ventilation using the ventilation fan intermittently, but in order to adjust the humidity, it is necessary to operate them simultaneously and ventilate for the time (3 to 4 minutes) for the culture solution to return after the pump is stopped. Desirably, both of the above methods can be operated in accordance with the environment of the root field, and can be applied to the production of various varieties through the ingenuity of farmers.

In addition, such humidity control, temperature rise suppression, and sufficient oxygen supply in the root field enhance the nutrient absorption and metabolic function of the roots of cultivated plants, promote the activation of root field microorganisms, and speed up the decomposition of waste products of cultivated plants. Since the culture solution in the pulmonary aqueduct does not deteriorate and is stable even in small amounts, it is possible to obtain accurate information on the growth of cultivated plants based on changes in the culture solution over time, and high-quality production can be achieved by controlling the fertilizer composition suitable for the crop. You will be able to do it.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a root feeding system between a culture bed having a planting hole through which the stem or trunk of a cultivated plant is inserted, and a substrate that supports the roots of the cultivated plant below the culture bed. The air in this root-nurturing space is forcibly sucked in from below the substrate to control humidity, so that the roots of cultivated plants in the root-nurturing space are exposed to the culture solution and air, that is, fertilizer, moisture, Because it is designed to absorb oxygen in a well-balanced manner,
High-quality production is possible by activating root microorganisms and controlling fertilizer composition, and the culture solution can be purified at the same time, preventing surrounding environmental pollution and root rot.

In addition, because air flows in through the vents and temperature- and nutrient-controlled nutrient solution can be uniformly and stably supplied to the roots of all cultivated plants at the same time, a stable root environment can be obtained throughout the four seasons, making it especially suitable for large-scale production. will also be suitable.

Furthermore, the device of the present invention can cool the working space within the house during normal operation, and can fully meet the demands for energy and resource conservation.

Since sufficient air components and nutrients are absorbed in this way, the growth conditions are good and the shelf life after harvesting and putting it on the market is much longer (usually 4 to 5 days for perilla leaves, but 2 to 5 days for shiso leaves). This means that you can get a crop (which lasts for about a week).

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a main part of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a cultivation house having the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the above embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the hydroponic cultivation house. 1...hydroponic cultivation device, 2...culture bed, 3, 4...
...Substrate, 5... Root nourishing space, 6... Culture solution supply means, 7... Planting hole, 8... Concavity, 17... Lid, 18
a... Airtight barrier membrane, 18b... Side wall.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A planting hole is provided in a culture bed into which a stem or trunk of a cultivated plant is inserted, and a substrate is provided below the culture bed to support the roots of the cultivated plant, so that there is a substantial gap between the two. A sealed root nourishing space is formed in the root nourishing space, a culture solution supply means is provided for injecting a culture solution into the root nourishing space, and the remaining culture solution on the substrate is collected downward through the edge of the substrate. ,
In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus configured to circulate and supply the culture solution to the root nourishing space by the culture solution supply means, the culture bed is provided with ventilation holes, and another substrate is provided below the bottom bed below the culture bed. Hydroponic cultivation characterized in that a ventilation fan is provided to form a cavity between both bottom beds, a ventilation fan that sucks air in the cavity and discharges it to the outside air, and a ventilation fan that sucks air from the gas phase of the culture solution septic tank. Device. 2. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air from the ventilation fan is discharged into a working space above the culture bed. 3. The pipe of the culture solution supply means is provided along the longitudinal direction of the culture bed at approximately the middle position in the width direction of the culture bed, and the bottom bed below the culture bed extends from the width direction approximately midway position to both sides. The bottom bed is inclined downwardly toward the bottom and has a corrugated shape so that the culture solution can be stored slightly. 3. The hydroponic cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the hydroponic cultivation device is configured in an inverted eight-shape, and the bottom of the valley is connected to a groove for collecting the culture solution.