JPH0419357B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a shield excavator that can excavate a tunnel by changing the direction of excavation, and in particular, the shield excavation machine can easily change the direction of excavation to the left, right, and up and down directions. Regarding structure.

[Prior Art] Changing the direction of excavation by bending the linear shape of a tunnel in a shield excavator is necessary when constructing a curved shield, correcting meandering, etc., and has been conventionally performed. The direction of change is mainly in the left-right direction, toward the direction of tunnel excavation, but due to the condition of the ground, etc., there are also cases where the direction of change is in the up-down direction, compared to the left-right direction. There are some that occur less frequently. In addition to the above-mentioned ground conditions, the change in the vertical direction is caused by the fact that the center of gravity of the shield excavator is located approximately 1/3 of the total length from the front end due to the fact that most of the main equipment is located at the front. The front of the machine tends to always point downward due to its own weight.
Since the shield tunneling machine has a structure that makes it easy to nose down, it is quite common for the shield tunneling machine to correct its direction upward, except in hard ground where it will not sink under its own weight. For this reason, it is desirable that the direction of excavation can be changed horizontally and vertically, and this is particularly necessary depending on the conditions of the ground. Of course, if the left-right direction and the up-down direction are changed at one time, for example, if the left-right direction is 3 degrees, then the up-down direction may be approximately 0.1 to 0.2 degrees, which is considerably smaller than the left-right direction. This is often encountered when changing direction in the left and right direction is unavoidable, such as at a road intersection, where it is unavoidable to make a 90° turn with an extremely small radius (for example, 50 mR). As for the direction, the tunnel line does not bend at a sharp angle like in the left-right direction, and the change in direction is at most 0.1° to 0.2°, and the number of changes in direction is usually much smaller than in the left-right direction, just like the angle. It is.

Conventional shield tunneling machines that can excavate tunnels by changing the direction of excavation are those that can only change the direction of excavation in one direction (left and right or up and down).
111794, Utility Application No. 57-568861), and those that are possible in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as those that are possible in all directions by selecting and combining the left-right and vertical angles (Patent Application No. 56-111793). be done. However, the above-mentioned device that can only be turned in one direction has the disadvantage that priority is given to changing direction in the left and right direction due to the above-mentioned reason, and as a result, it is impossible to change direction in the vertical direction.
The device shown in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 56-111793 provides a ring girder with a box-shaped cross section between the front and rear divided shields, and swings the front shield and the rear shield horizontally or vertically through the ring girder. In addition, a mechanical fixing device is installed between the front shield and the rear shield to fix the movement of both when the shield tunneling machine moves straight and when the direction change operation is completed. Before and after, the work operation of releasing and fixing the fixing device is always required, and the work action of releasing and fixing requires selecting the fixing device according to the direction of change, and the ring girder is not required due to the structure. Therefore, there are problems in that the overall length of the shield is longer than in a case where the front shield and the rear shield are directly connected, and the structure including the connecting portion is complicated. On the other hand, there is a model that allows the direction of excavation to be changed in all directions, in which the front shield and the rear shield are connected by a number of hydraulic jacks, but the length of each hydraulic jack is adjusted individually when bending. As a result, the operation of the shield tunneling machine becomes complicated.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As mentioned above, the structure for changing the direction of excavation in conventional shield tunneling machines is such that it is possible to change the direction in the horizontal direction but not in the vertical direction, or it is not possible to change the direction in all directions. However, before and after the direction change operation, the fixing device between the front and rear shields must be released and fixed, and a ring girder is required to connect the front and rear shields, making the structure that much more complicated. All of them had problems in that they could not easily change direction in the left-right and up-down directions, such as being unable to maintain the changing orientation and making directional control difficult.

The present invention solves the problems of the prior art described above, and aims to provide a shield excavator that has a simple configuration and can easily and reliably change the direction of excavation.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a shield excavator including a cylindrical shield main body and a cylindrical tail shield connected to the rear part of the shield main body via a connecting means. a first connecting means for connecting the rear part and the front part of the tail shield opposite thereto, at either the upper or lower part thereof so as to be relatively bendable in the left and right directions and in the top and bottom; , a second connecting means that is relatively expandable and retractable, one end of which is connected to the shield main body side, and the other end of which is connected to the tail shield side, and due to the expansion and contraction, the shield main body is connected via the first connecting means and the second connecting means. and at least two bending jacks for bending the tail shield left and right and up and down, making it possible to easily and reliably change the direction of tunnel excavation with a simple configuration. be.

[Function] In the connecting portion of the shield, the first and second connecting means provided in a pair opposite to the upper and lower portions are connected to both the upper and lower connecting means when excavating a tunnel straight ahead. The digging force by the shield jack is equally transmitted from the shield body to the tail shield through the connecting means. In this case, the hydraulic jack for bending is placed in a locked state by stopping the flow of pressure oil to maintain the straight-ahead posture.
Next, when bending the linear shape of the tunnel in an upward or downward direction, by shortening the bending hydraulic jack, the first connecting means is used as a swinging fulcrum, and the second connecting means is shorten. When a predetermined deflection angle is reached by this shortening, the hydraulic jack for bending is placed in the locked state, and digging work is performed using the shield jack. In order to return the vehicle to a straight-ahead state, the bending hydraulic jack can be operated in the opposite direction. On the other hand, when making a turn in the left-right direction, by extending or shortening the hydraulic jack for bending, the front side of the divided shield can be rotated around the upper and lower connecting means. Have them do a shaking exercise. When a predetermined turning angle is reached in either the left or right direction, or when returning from the turning state to the straight traveling state, the same operation as in the case of the up-down direction is performed.

[Example] An example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. Figure 1 is a side sectional view of the shield tunneling machine divided into front and rear parts, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 3. - An enlarged cross-sectional view, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the operation when the linear shape of the tunnel is bent upward, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the connecting portion. In the figure 1
2 is the front side of the divided shield (hereinafter referred to as the shield body), and 2 is the rear side (hereinafter referred to as the tail shield), both of which have approximately the same diameter and are formed into a highly rigid cylindrical shape. A ring-shaped rib 1a is fixed to the inner circumference of the rear part (tail shield 2 side) of the shield body 1, and a ring-shaped rib 1a is similarly fixed to the inner circumference of the front part (shield body 1 side) of the tail shield 2. 2a is fixed. The front part of the tail shield 2 has an extended cylindrical part 2b whose outer diameter is formed slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the shield body 1, and the rear part of the shield body 1 has a spacer which can swing in the radial direction. It has been incorporated.
At the upper and lower portions of the cylindrical portion 2b, brackets 2c for connecting the shield main body 1 and the tail shield 2 with pins are provided at the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 2b and the gap 3 to a length that almost matches the tip of the cylindrical portion 2b. is provided to protrude from the rib 2a. In the space 3 between the upper and lower parts, a plate-shaped bracket 1b having an oblong hole 4 projecting from the side surface of the rib 1a is on the upper side, and a plate-shaped bracket 1c having a circular hole 5 on the lower side. It is inserted and the bracket 1
A pin 6 which is inserted through the cylindrical portion 2b and the bracket 2c is inserted into the holes 4 and 5 provided in both of the pins b and 1c, thereby connecting the shield body 1 and the tail shield 2. In this case, the oblong hole 4 and the circular hole 5 are arranged so that the axes of the upper and lower pins 6 are on the same vertical line. In addition, the oval hole 4 is set to be an oval with a length that allows the maximum upward deflection angle θmax. per time during the tunnel route, that is, approximately the outer diameter D of the shield body 1 x tan θmax. has been done. The length of this oval hole 4 is the length of the shield body 1.
This serves as a regulating means for regulating the state of linear connection between the tail shield 2 and the tail shield 2, and the state of the maximum upward deflection angle θmax. However, in the case of downward deflection, as will be described later, the configuration is opposite to the above upward deflection, that is, the bracket 1b having the oblong hole 4 is placed at the bottom, and the bracket 1c having the circular hole 5 is used. By arranging it at the top, it becomes a means for regulating the amount of relative bending in the downward direction. On the other hand, the circular hole 5 is a hole having a distance between it and the pin 6 that is sufficient to allow the above-mentioned angle θmax. Specifically, the distance 〓 is approximately determined by the ratio of the outer diameter D of the shield main body 1 and the thickness dimension of the bracket 1c. In this embodiment, the lower connecting means is the first connecting means, and the upper connecting means is the second connecting means. Reference numeral 7 denotes hydraulic jacks for bending, which are provided on the left and right sides of the divided portion of the shield, that is, at positions orthogonal to the connecting portion, and in the case of this embodiment, the end on the cylinder side is fixed to the inner circumference of the shield body 1. Both are swingably attached to a bracket whose end on the piston rod side is fixed to the inner periphery of the rib 2a and the cylindrical portion 2b via spherical bearings or the like. Reference numeral 8 designates hydraulic jacks for bending that are provided close to the second connecting means side and on the left and right sides of the second connecting means, and both ends of each hydraulic jack 8 are attached to be swingable like the hydraulic jacks 7. ing. When one of the hydraulic jacks 7 is extended and the other is shortened, the shield main body 1 swings its head toward the shortened jack 7 with respect to the tail shield 2 about the pin 6 as an axis. Furthermore, when both hydraulic jacks 8 are shortened, the shield body 1 swings upward relative to the tail shield 2 using the hole 5 of the bracket 1c as a fulcrum until one end of the oblong hole 4 of the bracket 1b abuts the pin 6. It will be done. When the hydraulic jack 8 is almost fully extended, the other end of the oblong hole 4 is in contact with the pin 6, and this state is a posture in which the shield body 1 and the tail shield 2 are connected in a straight line. In this way, the length of the oblong hole 4 prevents the shield body 1 from being downwardly connected to the tail shield 2 in a straight line, and also prevents the angle from becoming larger than the maximum upward angle (θmax). , regulates the relative amount of bending between the two. Reference numeral 9 denotes a shield jack, one end of which is attached to the shield body 1, and the other end of which is attached to the shield body 1 so as to press a segment (not shown).
A plurality of them are arranged at appropriate intervals on the inner periphery of the . Reference numeral 10 denotes an annular oil reservoir, which is formed by partitioning the inner periphery of the rear end of the shield main body 1 and the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 2b with an annular seal 11, and is filled with grease etc. It is designed to prevent the intrusion of

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. First, when excavating a tunnel straight ahead, the second connecting means is in the state shown in FIGS. 1 and 6a, that is, the end surface of the oblong hole 4 on the tail shield 2 side is in contact with the pin 6, The hydraulic jacks 7 and 8 are both in a locked state by stopping the flow of hydraulic pressure in order to maintain the straight-ahead posture.
If you operate Shield Jacket 9 in this state,
The propulsion force is transmitted equally to each pin 6 via the brackets 1b and 1c, and the tail shield 2
Tow the vehicle in a straight direction. Next, when the linear shape of the tunnel is bent upward, the hydraulic jack 8 is shortened by a stroke corresponding to a predetermined angle θ. In this case, the shield body 1 has a gap in which the diameter of the hole 5 is larger than the diameter of the pin 6 to allow the shortening stroke (for example, about 0.2 mm when the outer diameter of the shield body 1 is 3000 mm). Therefore, this portion can be turned upward with respect to the tail shield 2 by using it as a swinging fulcrum. At this time, the pin 6 moves relatively within the oblong hole 4, and the pin 6 moves to the side of the oblong hole 4 opposite to the tail shield 2. FIGS. 5 and 6b show the case where the direction is changed to the angle θmax. When a predetermined turning angle is reached, the hydraulic jacks 8 and 7 are locked to maintain the turning attitude, and the shield jack 9 is operated to make the turn. To cancel the direction change state and return to the straight-ahead state, it is sufficient to extend the hydraulic jack 8 in the opposite direction to that described above. In this case, the swing fulcrum position does not change, and the pin 6 simply moves within the oblong hole. That's fine. On the other hand, when turning in the left-right direction, one of the hydraulic jacks 7 is extended and the other is shortened. In this case, the shield body 1 is the tail shield 2
In contrast, the pin 6 is oscillated from side to side in the shortening direction, and the angle of change of direction is allowed to be within the stroke range of the jack 7. When the predetermined turning angle is reached and when returning to the straight traveling state, the same operation as in the case of turning in the vertical direction may be performed. In this embodiment, the case where the direction is changed upward is explained, but when the direction is changed downward, the second connecting means having the oblong hole 4 is placed at the lower part, and the first connecting means having the circular hole 5 is placed at the bottom. A connecting means is placed at the top. If the hydraulic jack 8 is arranged in the same way as shown in FIG. 3, it will be extended when bending downward, and shortened when returning straight.
When placed on the lower side symmetrical to the position shown in Figure 3,
The same effect as in the case where the direction is changed upward is obtained.

In the embodiment described above, bending in the vertical direction is performed using the oblong hole 4 provided in the bracket 1b, but the present invention is not limited to the oblong hole 4, and another example will be explained with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 shows an alternative structure to the first connecting means in the upper part, and shows
is a trunnion provided at the same position as the pin 6, and both ends are rotatably supported by the cylindrical portion 2b and the bracket 2c. Hole 12 of trunnion 12
a has a shaft 13 protruding from the side surface of the rib 1a;
is inserted, and the diameter of the hole is sized to have the same distance between it and the outer diameter of the shaft 13 as in the circular hole 5, so even if the hole 1 is bent in the vertical direction,
It is designed to be able to freely slide within 2a. At the tip of the shaft 13, a stopper 14 is provided at a position away from the trunnion 12 by a length that allows the angle θmax, as in the case where the length of the oval hole 4 is set.
be fixed. The stopper 14 serves to transmit the propulsive force of the shield jack 9 to the tail shield 2 via the trunnion 12 when the vehicle is traveling straight. The effect when turning in the horizontal and vertical directions is the same as in the case of the connecting means having the oblong hole 4.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention includes a first connecting means that connects to either the upper or lower part of the divided portion of the shield so that it can be bent horizontally and vertically relative to each other;
A second connecting means is provided on the other side to connect the left and right relatively bendable and relatively expandable, and a hydraulic jack for steering is expanded and contracted using the position of the first connecting means as a fulcrum, and the shield body is moved relative to the tail shield. Since the direction is changed by bending, the tunnel excavation direction can be changed easily and reliably with a simple configuration, which has a remarkable practical effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings are all explanatory diagrams of embodiments of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of the shield tunneling machine divided into two parts in the front and rear, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shield machine divided into two parts. 1 is a sectional view of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the main parts of another embodiment.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A shield excavator comprising a cylindrical shield body and a cylindrical tail shield connected to the rear part of the shield body via a connecting means, in which the rear part of the shield body and a tail shield facing the rear part of the shield body are A first portion that connects the front portion of the tail shield so that either the upper portion or the lower portion thereof can be bent horizontally and vertically relative to each other.
The connecting means is connected to the connecting means so that the left and right sides can be bent relative to each other, and the second connecting means can be connected so as to be relatively expandable.One end is connected to the shield body side and the other end is connected to the tail shield side. A shield tunneling machine, characterized in that it is provided with at least two bending jacks for bending the shield main body and the tail shield horizontally and vertically via a connecting means and a second connecting means. 2. The second connecting means is provided with a regulating means for regulating the amount of vertical relative bending between the shield body and the tail shield due to the bending jack to a state in which they are connected in a straight line and a state in which the angle of maximum deflection in the upward or downward direction is reached. A shield excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. The second connecting means includes a first member that is connected to either the shield body or the tail shield and has a long elongated hole in the front-rear direction, and a shaft member that is connected to the other and that engages with the elongated hole. The shield excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that the shield excavator comprises a second member.