JPH042208B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an air conditioning method for an animal breeding facility where a large number of animals are kept in multiple racks. (Conventional technology and its problems) Traditionally, in facilities for breeding animals, many animals are kept in breeding cages installed on each level of a rack arranged in the breeding room. In this breeding room, it is required that environmental conditions such as temperature and air velocity be uniform in each stage of the rack. For this reason, rooms are constantly air-conditioned, but in this case, it is desirable that the amount of air passing through each stage of the rack be equal and predetermined. One possible way to adjust the air volume is to adjust the area of the ventilation openings in each stage of the rack, but in a room where fresh air is supplied, the pressure distribution of that air will vary depending on the room temperature and the supplied air. The pressure distribution at each stage varies depending on the difference between the temperature of the Even if a desired ventilation condition is once set by adjusting the area of the ventilation openings, it is difficult to maintain the same amount of ventilation in each stage over a long period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently adjust the area of the ventilation openings in each stage, and this operation is very troublesome. The present invention provides an air conditioning method for animal breeding facilities aimed at solving these problems. (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the air conditioning method for an animal breeding facility of the present invention provides an air conditioning method for an animal breeding facility in which the animal breeding room is partitioned into a plurality of stages by shelf boards, and each stage is divided in the depth direction. A rack with an opening is provided, and a blocking plate with ventilation holes communicating with each stage of the rack is provided on one open end side of the rack, and air flow through the blocking plate is provided. In an animal breeding facility, the animal breeding room is divided into a high pressure room that communicates with an air outlet for conditioned air, and a low pressure room that allows the air to flow out from inside each stage of the rack through ventilation holes in a shielding plate and communicates with an air intake port. The opening areas of all the ventilation holes in the upper and lower stages of the shielding plate are made approximately equal, and the flow velocity of the airflow passing through the ventilation holes located in the upper and lower stages of the rack is measured to determine the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber. The airflow volume is adjusted so that the pressure difference between the top and bottom racks is at least 10 times greater than the pressure difference between the top and bottom racks. (Function) When fresh air is supplied into the high-pressure chamber from the outlet, the air fills the high-pressure chamber, flows through each stage of the rack, and flows out into the low-pressure chamber through the ventilation holes provided in the shielding plate. It is discharged from the suction port. At this time, by equalizing the flow velocity of the airflow passing through the ventilation holes located in the upper and lower stages of the rack, the pressure difference between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber is made larger than the pressure difference between the top and bottom stages of the rack. Since the pressure is adjusted so that the opening area of the ventilation holes in each stage is approximately equal, the amount of air passing through each stage of the rack is approximately equal even if the room temperature changes. . (Example) To explain the example of the example with reference to the drawings, 1
is an airtight animal breeding room, which is composed of a ceiling 2, side walls 3, 3, a floor 4, and a gable wall 5, 5. Air outlets 6, 6 that open toward the room are bored at appropriate intervals, and these outlets 6, 6
A supply duct 19 connected to an air conditioner 23 disposed at a suitable location outdoors is connected and communicated with the supply duct 19, and a constant air volume device 20 and a reheater 21 are disposed in the supply duct 19. Further, on both sides of the ceiling 2, a plurality of suction ports 7, 7 for discharging air from the breeding room 1 are provided.
6 and open them in an array, and the suction ports 7 on both sides.
An exhaust duct 22 having dampers 24, 24 disposed therein is connected and communicated with the exhaust duct 7, and the open end of the exhaust duct 22 is opened directly to the outside or connected to an air suction device 26. 8, 8 are air outlets 6 on both sides of the rearing room 1
It is a rack arranged on the floor 4 located between the and the suction port 7, and is formed in the shape of a rectangular frame, and the inside thereof is divided vertically into a plurality of stages by horizontal shelf boards 9, 9...9, Cages 12, 12, . . . 12 for breeding animals made of wire mesh or the like are placed on each shelf board 9. The breeding room 1, which is divided into multiple stages by shelf boards 9, is open to the indoor side below the air outlet 6 and the indoor side below the suction port 7. , 8, the breeding room 1 is divided into a central room 13 where researchers and breeders work, and a side room 14 where cleaning and disinfection are performed. 15 is an open part 1 between vertically adjacent shelf boards 9, 9;
These shielding plates 15 are arranged so as to close the opening end on the side chamber 14 side of the rack 8, and are hermetically sealed and fixed to the end faces of each stage of the rack 8. Ventilation holes 1 that are connected and have the same opening area
8, 18...18 are bored. For example, as shown in FIG.
This can be done by fixing magnetic plates 30 and 31 that are in close contact with each other to the four-sided end faces of each stage forming the 0 and the outer peripheral edge of the shielding plate 15 facing the end faces. The shape of the ventilation holes 18 formed in the shielding plates 15 may be any suitable shape such as circular, square, or elongated slit shape, but the opening area of these ventilation holes 18 should be the same in all shielding plates 15. It is formed. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, a ventilation hole 18 having a large-area opening is previously bored in the shielding plate 5, and a small-diameter hole 18 is formed so as to be in contact with the ventilation hole 18.
Install the mounting plate 32 with holes a into the shielding plate 1 around the ventilation hole.
The ventilation hole 18 may be removably inserted into a U-shaped frame 33 fixed to the surface of the hole 5 so that the ventilation hole 18 becomes an opening with an area equal to the area of the small diameter hole 18a. With this configuration, the opening area of the vent hole 18 can be freely set by simply replacing the mounting plate 32 having small diameter holes 18a of various sizes. In addition, cage 1 arranged in each stage
2 and 12 are partitioned by a partition plate, shielding plates of a size corresponding to each cage 12 may be sequentially attached, and the opening end of the open portion 10 may be closed by these shielding plates. 16 is a partition plate stretched between the upper edge of the rack 8 on the center side of the rearing room and the ceiling to airtightly partition the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 14; 17 is the partition plate 16;
The racks 8 are installed continuously between the ends of the racks 8 and the ceiling 2, the floor 4, and the end walls 5, 5 to form the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 1.
This is a partition plate that airtightly partitions 4 and 4. Therefore, the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 14 are separated only by the ventilation hole 18 made in the shielding plate 15 by the shielding plate 15 attached to each stage of the rack 8, the frame of the rack 8, and the partition plates 16 and 17. The central chamber 13 facing the air outlet 6 is configured as a high pressure chamber, and the side chamber 14 communicating with the suction port 7 is configured as a low pressure chamber. be. With this configuration, when fresh air at a predetermined wind pressure is supplied from the air conditioner 23 to the central chamber 13 from the outlet 6 through the supply duct 19, the central chamber 13
becomes a high-pressure chamber with approximately uniform pressure from the ceiling 2 to the floor 4, and the air flows through the cage 12 placed on the shelf board 9 of each stage of the rack 8 and passes through the shielding plate 15.
The air flows out from the ventilation hole 18 into the side chamber 14, which is a low-pressure chamber, and is discharged from the side chamber 14 through the suction port 7 into the exhaust duct 22. Here, ventilation holes 1 are provided in the shielding plate 15 to obtain a substantially constant amount of ventilation from the upper to the lower tiers of the shelves 9 of the rack 8 disposed in the central chamber 13 serving as the high-pressure chamber.
Let's talk about the size of 8. Now, the opening area of the ventilation hole 18 for each cage section is A
cm ² , the velocity of the air passing through this vent 18 is V
cm/s, the amount of air passing through the ventilation hole 18 per unit time Qcm ³ /s is expressed as Q=AV...(1), and the pressure difference between the central chamber 13 and the side chamber 14 Pmm
Aq is expressed as P=αV ² ...(2) (α is a constant determined by the shape of the ventilation hole, etc.), and compared to the air pressure in the side chamber 14, the air pressure in the central chamber 1
When the air pressure at No. 3 is higher by P, an air volume Q will pass through the opening area A of the ventilation hole 18, and by this air volume, heat radiation and odors etc. from the animal in the cage 12 are discharged to the side chamber 14 and treated. I will do it. If the relationship of this formula could be applied uniformly to both the upper and lower stages of the rack 8, there would be no need to frequently adjust the opening degree of the ventilation holes 18 at each stage, as described above. In the case of air conditioning, it has been confirmed that by decreasing the opening area A of the ventilation hole 18 toward the lower stage, the amount of air passing through each stage becomes approximately equal. This means that in equation (3), where the air velocity V is removed from the above equations (1) and (2), P=αQ ² A ² ...(3) or Q=A√ ...(4), the passing air volume is The fact that Q is constant and the opening area A is smaller in the lower stages indicates that the pressure difference P is larger in the lower stages. Therefore, for the pressure difference P at the top stage and the opening area A, the pressure difference at the bottom stage is P + ΔP, and the opening area is A - ΔA.
The amount of air passing through each stage is equal, which means (3)
From the equation, the upper row has the relationship Q ² = α ⁻¹ A ² P, and the lower row has the relationship Q ² = α ⁻¹ (A−ΔA) ² (P+ΔP) (5). This ΔP is due to heat transfer from the wall of breeding room 1, lighting,
It is thought that the pressure difference is caused by low-temperature air flowing toward the floor due to heat dissipation from the human body, supply of cold air from the ceiling, etc. in the vertical direction. Here, instead of the conventional method of adjusting the opening area A of the ventilation holes 18 of the shielding plate 15 according to the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides in the rearing room 1, the opening area of the lowermost shielding plate 15 is changed to the opening area of the uppermost shielding plate. The opening area of the plate 15 is also assumed to be A. At this time, the ventilation holes 18 on the top and bottom tiers
The passing air volume, Qa, and Qb are as follows: Qa ² = α ^-1 A ² P, Qb ² = α ^-1 A ² (P+ΔP). To make the passing air volume approximately equal in the upper and lower directions, It is better to bring it closer to 1. That is, it is sufficient to make P larger than ΔP. In other words, the difference P between the pressure in the central chamber 13 and the pressure in the side chambers 14 is made larger than the pressure difference ΔP between the upper and lower stages occurring in the central chamber 13,
By doing this, the amount of air passing through from the upper to the lower rack 8 can be made approximately equal, and this can be said to make the central chamber 1 a high-pressure chamber and the side chamber 14 a low-pressure chamber. . However, as is clear from equation (4) above, if the pressure in the central chamber 13 is increased while maintaining the opening area when the pressure difference between the two chambers 13 and 14 is small, the amount of air passing through the rack 8 will increase. If the air conditioner becomes too large, it may have an adverse effect on animals, and a large-scale air conditioning system 23 will be required, which will be uneconomical. Therefore, in order to make the amount of passing air a predetermined amount, the opening area A should be made smaller than that of the conventional one so that the air velocity V becomes larger. When determining the opening area of the ventilation hole 18 of the shielding plate 15, the opening area and both chambers 13 and 14 are determined in advance.
By determining the relationship between the pressure difference and the passing air volume, determining the applicable range of the opening area and pressure difference suitable for the predetermined passing air volume, and selecting the capacity of the air conditioner 23,
The opening area can be uniquely determined. During actual operation, anemometers are installed at least in the uppermost and lowermost ventilation holes 18 of the rack 8.
Attach 7a and 27b and measure the wind speeds Va and Vb.
The measured value is multiplied by the opening area A of the ventilation hole 18 to calculate the passing air volume Qa, Qb, and it is determined whether the upper and lower ventilation volumes are both within the predetermined allowable passing air volume, and the air conditioner 23 is operated. For example, it is used to adjust the rotation speed of a fan. In the above explanation, we talked about the case of air conditioning, but
In the case of heating, the pressure difference ΔP only occurs on the upper stage side. It goes without saying that the shielding plate 15 should be sealed so that ventilation air does not flow from other than the ventilation holes 18, but the air outlet 6 communicating with the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 1 should be sealed.
The suction port 7 that communicates with the end wall 4 does not necessarily have to be provided in the ceiling 2, and may have the shape of an elongated opening extending between the end walls 5, 5. Next, if the pressure on the side chamber 14 side, which is a low-pressure chamber, is made higher than atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the entire breeding chamber 1 will always be higher than the pressure outside (atmospheric pressure), and harmful bacteria will enter the breeding chamber 1 from the outside. etc. can be prevented from entering. Normally, for this purpose, the pressure inside the breeding chamber 1 is increased by about 5 to 10 mmAq higher than the atmospheric pressure, so for example, the damper 24 installed in the exhaust duct 22 is throttled to create a low-pressure chamber. The pressure inside the side chamber 14 is increased by 5 mmAq relative to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure inside the side chamber 1
The differential pressure damper 25 attached to the central chamber 13 maintains the pressure in the side chamber steadily, and furthermore, the pressure in the central chamber 13 is transferred to the side chamber 14.
It is only necessary to make the pressure higher than the internal pressure by a predetermined pressure difference. In addition, when the pressure in the central chamber 13, which is a high-pressure chamber, is lowered below atmospheric pressure by the suction device 26, the pressure in the entire rearing room 1 is always lower than the pressure outside the room (atmospheric pressure), and the animals are inoculated. Pathogens and the like can be prevented from leaking from the breeding room 1 to the outside. As another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the interior of the rearing room 1 may be partitioned by a wall 40 having ventilation holes 18 that achieve the same purpose as the shielding plate 15, or the floor and ceiling may be partitioned. A shielding plate 41 having ventilation holes 18 formed therein may be detachably attached to a mounting plate 42 projecting from the surface, and a rack 8 may be placed in contact with the front or back surface of the wall 40 or the shielding plate 41. In this case, the rack 8 can be made mobile. Next, a heat load equivalent to three rats is applied to each of the plurality of cages 12 in the animal breeding facility of the present invention, and these cages 12 are placed in a five-tiered rack 8 (height: 1.6 m).
12.5m 3 /hr into the room from the air outlet ⁶ in order to distribute 2.5m ³ /hr of air to each cage 12.
Table 1 shows the results of experiments conducted when hr air is supplied.
Shown below. The temperature of the air at outlet 6 is 21.2℃.
The average indoor temperature is 22.6℃.

[Table] In the above table, , and indicate the first, third, and fifth rows from the top, respectively. In the case shown in this table, the size of the ventilation hole 18 of each stage of the shielding plate 15 attached to the back of the rack 8 is
The wind speed at the ventilation hole 18 was measured at 15 cm ² , and the pressure difference P was calculated.
The size of the ventilation hole 18 in each stage is 7.1cm ² , 4.5cm ² ,
This is calculated based on the case where the size is changed to 3.5cm ² . At that time, the wind speed at the lowest stage ventilation hole 18 is assumed to be 1, and the ratio of the wind speeds at each stage is calculated as shown in the wind speed ratio column of Table 1. In the case, the wind speed at the top stage is 71.7 at the lowest stage. % (i.e., the passing air volume is 71.7
%), but in the case it passed almost uniformly at 98.1%. The pressure difference P between the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 14 in the case is about 0.52 mmAq, and the pressure difference ΔP between the upper and lower sides is 0.02 mmAq. That is, by making the pressure difference P 26 times the pressure difference ΔP between the upper and lower sides, the pressure can be made uniform to 98.1%. On the other hand, in the case of the case, the pressure difference is 10
If the amount is less than twice that, the airflow volume passing through the upper and lower stages will be uneven. For this reason, the amount of air blown out is adjusted so that the pressure difference is 10 times or more, thereby making the amount of air passing through the upper and lower stages uniform. Incidentally, the pressure difference P between the central chamber 13 and the side chamber 14 in the case is the pressure difference P in the case.
Each stage is only 0.50mmAq larger than the previous one. (Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the air conditioning method for an animal breeding facility of the present invention, the animal breeding room is equipped with a rack partitioned into a plurality of stages by shelf boards, each of which is open in the depth direction. A blocking plate having ventilation holes communicating with each stage of the rack is provided on one open end side of the rack, and this blocking plate is used to air-condition the animal breeding room. In an animal breeding facility divided into a high-pressure room that communicates with the air outlet, and a low-pressure room where the air flows out from each stage of the rack through the ventilation holes in the shielding plate and communicates with the air intake port, a hole is formed in the shielding plate. In addition to making the opening areas of all the vents on the upper and lower tiers approximately equal, the flow velocity of the airflow passing through the vents located in the upper and lower tiers is measured to reduce the pressure difference between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber. Since the airflow volume is adjusted to be at least 10 times greater than the pressure difference between the top and bottom stages of the rack, the opening areas of the vents in all stages of the rack are approximately equal. This eliminates the frequent and troublesome work of adjusting the opening area as in the past.In addition, it measures the flow velocity of the airflow passing through the ventilation holes located in the upper and lower tiers of the rack to determine high pressure. Since the air volume is adjusted so that the pressure difference between the chamber and the low-pressure chamber is at least 10 times greater than the pressure difference between the top and bottom racks, the opening area of the ventilation holes in each rack is approximately Even though they are the same, the amount of air passing through each stage can be made approximately the same even if the room temperature changes, and therefore the environmental conditions such as temperature and air velocity in each stage are uniform, making it possible to maintain a good animal environment. It is possible to raise them.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 1 is a simplified longitudinal side view, Fig. 2 is a simplified plan view, Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway rear view of the rack, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the main parts thereof. FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a shielding plate when the size of the ventilation hole is changed, and FIG. 6 is a simplified longitudinal sectional front view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1... Animal rearing room, 6... Air outlet, 7... Suction port, 8... Rack, 9... Shelf board, 13... High pressure room, 14... Low pressure room, 15... Shielding plate, 18... …
Ventilation hole, 23...Air conditioner, 27a, 27b...
Anemometer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In the animal breeding room, a rack is provided which is partitioned into multiple stages by shelves and each stage is open in the depth direction, and one open end of the rack is connected to each stage of the rack. A high-pressure chamber is provided with a blocking plate having ventilation holes, and the animal rearing room is connected to the air outlet of the conditioned air through the blocking plate, and a ventilation hole in the blocking wall is provided from inside each stage of the rack. In an animal breeding facility divided into a low-pressure room through which the air flows out and a low-pressure room communicating with an air inlet, the opening areas of all the upper and lower ventilation holes formed in the shielding plate are approximately equal, and it is easy to Measure the flow velocity of the airflow passing through the ventilation holes located in the upper and lower tiers, and adjust the airflow volume so that the pressure difference between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber is at least 10 times greater than the pressure difference between the top and bottom tiers of the rack. An air conditioning method for an animal breeding facility characterized by adjusting the air conditioning method.