JPH04252113A - Grafting of young seedling of fruit vegetables and device for grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To mass-produce good grafted seedlings by utilizing a proper flexibility, elasticity and magnetic absorptivity of a pair of rod rubbernets, simplifying grafting operations of young seedlings of vegetable fruits and saving labors. CONSTITUTION:The hypocotyl part 3b of rootstocks 3 is held by an absorptivity of a pair of rod rubbernets 4 for the rootstocks in a state where the rootstocks 3 are planted in a tray 1 for young seedlings and the cotyledon part is subsequently cut off. The hypocotyl part 2b of scion woods 2 is held by an absorptivity of a pair of rod rubbernets 5 for the scion woods and the root part 2c is then cut off. By placing the base 5c of the rod rubbernets 5 for the scion woods on the upper surface 4c of the rod rubbernets 4 for the rootstocks, the cut surface of the rootstocks is bonded to the cut surface of the scion woods under pressure by the absorptivity of the rubbernets 4 and 5. Thus the objective grafting is carried out.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a grafting method and a grafting device for young fruit and vegetable seedlings, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a grafting method and a grafting device for seedlings of fruits and vegetables. The present invention relates to a grafting method and a grafting device for young fruit and vegetable seedlings, which simplify and labor-saving grafting work, and can produce a large quantity of healthy grafted seedlings of excellent quality and yield.

0002

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The purpose of cultivating fruits and vegetables is to produce high-quality fruits by making it possible to continuously cultivate crops that were previously considered impossible. For this reason, greenhouses are now used for year-round cultivation, but even with sufficient soil disinfection, growth-inhibiting substances accumulate in the soil and the density of pathogenic bacteria increases. The reality is that this is causing continuous cropping problems. Therefore, one way to avoid continuous cropping problems is to use cultivars similar to wild ones with soil disease resistance as rootstocks, and to use cultivars with excellent quality and yield as scions. The method used is to graft the tree onto a rootstock.

However, most of the conventional grafting methods for fruits and vegetables involve fixing the joint with a clip called a grafting clip, and then removing the clip after the joint has taken root. , without using clips.
There are ``cutting grafts'' and ``split grafting'', but both grafting methods require special skill and concentration as the target for grafting is young seedlings, and they are accompanied by mental and physical fatigue. As a result, the workability is extremely poor, and mass production of grafted seedlings is completely difficult.

0004

[Problem to be solved by the invention] On the other hand, as a recent trend, with the aging of fruit and vegetable farmers and the decreasing number of successors, the production and cultivation management of seedlings has become divided. Producers supply seedlings called ``cell-formed seedlings'' that can be mass-produced, but since these seedlings are ``self-rooted seedlings,'' they are less resistant to soil diseases and can avoid problems with continuous cropping. It is not possible to produce high quality fruits. Therefore, there is a need to mass-produce grafted seedlings that are resistant to soil diseases, but as mentioned above, with conventional grafting methods, the grafting process is a bottleneck, making it difficult to mass-produce grafted seedlings. However, it is not possible to meet the demands of fruit and vegetable farmers. For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop a grafting method and a grafting device that are suitable for simplifying and labor-saving grafting work and for mass production.

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was created based on a completely new idea in order to meet the demands of fruit and vegetable cultivators. It is an object of the present invention to provide a grafting method and a grafting device that simplify grafting work, save labor, and are suitable for mass production by grafting using elasticity and magnetic attraction.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the grafting method adopted by the present invention is to use the hypocotyl of a young fruit and vegetable seedling, both of which are rootstocks and scions, at the stage of developing the first true leaf, as rootstocks, The joint surfaces of a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets for each scion are held by suction at the joint surfaces by sandwiching them between clamping grooves formed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, and then the rootstock is attached to the cotyledon part along the upper surface of the rod-shaped rubber magnets. After cutting off the roots of the scion along the bottom of the rod-shaped rubber magnet, place the scion rod-shaped tree on the top of the rod-shaped rubber magnet for rootstock so that the cut surface of the rootstock and the cut surface of the scion are aligned. A rubber magnet is placed thereon, and the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are pressed together by the attraction force of the magnet for grafting. Furthermore, the grafting device adopted in the present invention is composed of a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets for grafting young fruit and vegetable seedlings, and a tray for seedlings for raising rootstocks, and the joint surface of the pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets is In the longitudinal direction, clamping grooves are formed at regular intervals to sandwich the hypocotyls of the rootstock and scion, and the tray for seedlings has clamping grooves for holding the hypocotyls of the rootstock and scion through the clamping grooves. A supporting member for a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets that are attracted and held at a joint surface is provided in a protruding manner for a required period of time.

[0007]

[Operation] Therefore, according to the present invention, when grafting young fruit and vegetable seedlings, the proper flexibility and elasticity and magnetic adsorption force of the pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets are used to graft the rootstock, Even if the thickness of the scion's hypocotyl varies, it can be easily and accurately adsorbed and held, and even if the rootstock's germination position is off the center of the medium storage convex part of the seedling tray. There is no problem in adsorption and retention of the hypocotyl. Furthermore, the top and bottom surfaces of the pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets that hold the hypocotyls in place act as guides when cutting the cotyledon part of the rootstock and the root part of the scion with a cutting tool such as a knife, making the cutting process easier. Furthermore, when grafting, even if the rod-shaped rubber magnet that attracts and holds the rootstock and the rod-shaped rubber magnet that attracts and holds the scion are slightly distorted vertically and horizontally, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and scion can be It can be crimped to an appropriate state. Therefore, the grafting work of fruits and vegetables that require grafting is simplified and labor-saving, and grafted seedlings can be mass-produced.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, ie, FIGS. 1 to 8. First, in the present invention, the crops to be grafted are young seedlings of fruit vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, watermelons, and melons that are at the stage of developing the first true leaf, and the seeds of the rootstock are placed in a special seedling tray. Seeds of scions are sown in a normal seeding box, but in this example, cucumbers will be described.

That is, a rootstock for cucumbers 2 is placed in a special seedling tray 1 in which 8 horizontally and 20 vertically continuous culture medium storage recesses 1a each having a square shape of 30 mm on a side are formed. Seeds of pumpkin 3 and cucumber 2, which will become scions, were sown in a commonly used sowing box (not shown) at the same time.

On the 10th day after sowing, when about one true leaf 3a of the pumpkin 3 has developed, the hypocotyl 3b at the lower part of the cotyledon is clamped. Using a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets 4 for rootstocks with a square cross-section, in which clamping grooves 4a having the same pitch (32 mm) and a width comparable to the radius of the hypocotyl 3b are formed in the longitudinal direction of the joint surface 4b. , with the seedlings planted in the tray 1, the clamping groove 4
While holding the hypocotyls 3b of the pumpkins 3 between the tubes a, all the hypocotyls 3b of a series of pumpkins 3, 3, . In this case, the seedling tray 1
A partitioned portion 1b of the culture medium storage recess 1a is provided at a required interval.
A plate-shaped support member 1c that supports the rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock.
is protruded upward, so if the rootstock rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 is placed on the support member 1c using the support member 1c, and the cotyledon is cut off at the base of the cotyledon in advance,
When the hypocotyl 3b is held between the clamping grooves 4a, the cotyledons do not get in the way, and the operator can use both hands sufficiently, making the operation easier. Note that in this embodiment, the support member 1c
is shown as integrally protruding from the tray 1 for seedlings, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the point is that when the hypocotyl 3b of the pumpkin 3 is attracted and held by the rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock. Any material may be used as long as it can serve as an auxiliary stand and support the rootstock rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 with the hypocotyl 3b adsorbed and held within the seedling tray 1.

When the first true leaves 2a of the cucumber 2 begin to appear, the cucumber 2 is removed from the seeding box (not shown) and the hypocotyl 2b at the lower part of the cotyledons is held between the cucumbers 2 and the pumpkin 3.
Using a pair of bar-shaped scion rubber magnets 5 with a square cross-section, in which clamping grooves 5a having a width comparable to the radius of the hypocotyl 2b are formed in the longitudinal direction of the joint surface 5b at the same pitch as The hypocotyls 2b, 2b... of the cucumber 2 are sandwiched between the hypocotyls 2b, 2b, .

[0012] Pumpkin 3 used as a rootstock by the above method
When the hypocotyls 3b, 2b of cucumber 2, which will become scions, are inserted into the clamping grooves 4a, 5a, even if the thickness of the hypocotyls 3b, 2b varies, each pair of rod-shaped scions for the rootstock will be Since the rubber magnets 4, 5 have appropriate flexibility/elasticity and magnetic adsorption force, they can easily and accurately adsorb and hold the hypocotyls 3b, 2b without waste. In addition, even if the germination position of the pumpkin 3, which will serve as a rootstock, is off the center of the medium storage recess 1a of the tray 1 for seedlings, the suction and retention of hypocotyls will not be affected, and the suction and retention will always be in an appropriate state. can do.

Next, the cotyledon portions of the rootstock pumpkin 3 are sequentially cut off with a cutting tool 6 such as a knife along the upper surface 4c of the rootstock rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 which holds the hypocotyl 3b by suction. In this case, the cut surface of the hypocotyl 3b is cut off so that it slightly (about 0.5 mm) protrudes from the upper surface 4c of the rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock. If the upper surface 4c of 4 is used as a guide, it can be cut off accurately without any problems, making the work easier (see FIG. 2).

Further, the root portions 2c of the scion cucumber 2 are sequentially cut off with a knife 6 along the bottom surface 5c of the scion rod-shaped rubber magnet 5 which holds the hypocotyl 2b by adsorption. In this case as well, since the bottom surface 5c of the bar-shaped rubber magnet 5 for scion serves as a guide, the cutting operation is easy (see FIG. 4).

Cucumber 2 with the root part 2c cut off
The rod-shaped rubber magnet 5 for scion, which is holding the hypocotyl 2b of the pumpkin 3 by suction, is placed on the upper surface 4c of the rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock, which is holding the hypocotyl 3b of the pumpkin 3, so that the cut surfaces of both of them are properly aligned. They are placed so as to be joined, and are crimped by the magnetic attraction force of the magnets 4 and 5 located above and below. In this case, when the bar-shaped rubber magnet 5 for scion is placed on the upper surface 4c of the bar-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock, even if both magnets 4, 5 are slightly distorted vertically and horizontally, the magnets 4, 5
has appropriate flexibility, elasticity, and magnetic adsorption power, so the cut surfaces of the rootstock pumpkin 3 and the scion cucumber 2 are crimped together in an appropriate state. In order to root the crimped pumpkins 3 and cucumbers 2, they are placed in a simple curing house 7 made of a film that cuts the heat rays of sunlight and transmits the light rays necessary for plant production. Maintain temperature and humidity to promote rooting (see Figure 5).

FIGS. 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views showing the crimped state. In particular, as shown in FIG. 7, the rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock is
If the attraction surface 8 between the upper surface 4c and the bottom surface 5c of the scion bar-shaped rubber magnet 5 is formed so that it can be attracted obliquely, the cut surfaces of the rootstock pumpkin 3 and the scion cucumber 2 will be diagonal.
The crimping area is larger than that shown in FIG. 6, which is horizontally adsorbed, and the reliability of sticking can be further improved.

After rooting (10 days after grafting), a rod-shaped rubber magnet 4 for rootstock holds the pumpkin 3 on the rootstock by suction;
When the bar-shaped rubber magnets 5 for scion holding the scion cucumber 2 are pulled apart by holding their ends, a grafted seedling 9 as shown in FIG. 8 is obtained. According to experimental examples, the rooting rate in this case was 80%, but in the case of tomatoes, which tend to root easily, it was 100%. The grafted seedlings 9 that have taken root are then planted at the appropriate planting time. In addition, for rootstocks separated after rooting,
The rod-shaped rubber magnets 4 and 5 for scions cannot be used repeatedly in the same way, and the joint surface 4 of both magnets 4 and 5
Since the holding grooves 4a and 5a formed in the longitudinal direction of b and 5b are set at the same pitch, a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets of one type can be used for both rootstock and scion. It is extremely economical.

[0018]

[Effects of the Invention] In short, the present invention utilizes the appropriate flexibility/elasticity and magnetic adsorption force of a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets to graft rootstock and scion.
Compared to conventional grafting methods, this method has particularly remarkable effects. 1. Although the target of grafting is both the rootstock and the scion, which are young fruit and vegetable seedlings that are at the stage of developing the first true leaf, it is necessary to adsorb and hold the hypocotyls of the rootstock and scion, cut the cotyledon part of the rootstock and the root part of the scion, and prepare the seedlings. A series of grafting operations such as crimping the cut surfaces of wood and scion can be easily and efficiently performed without any special skill or mental or physical fatigue. 2. In the process of the above-mentioned series of grafting operations, when holding the hypocotyls of the rootstock and scion by adsorption, even if the thickness of the hypocotyls varies, the bar-shaped rubber magnet has the appropriate flexibility, elasticity, and magnetism. The suction force can easily and accurately hold the hypocotyl, and even if the germination position of the rootstock is shifted from the center of the medium storage recess of the seedling tray, the hypocotyl can be held by suction without any problem. 3. Furthermore, when crimping the cut surfaces of the rootstock and scion, even if the rod-shaped rubber magnet that attracts and holds the rootstock and the rod-shaped rubber magnet that attracts and holds the scion are slightly distorted vertically and horizontally, both magnets have a suitable Because it has flexibility, elasticity, and magnetic adsorption power, it can press the cut surfaces of the rootstock and scion in an appropriate state. 1.2.3 above. Due to the synergistic effect, the grafting work can be simplified and labor-saving, and healthy grafted seedlings with excellent quality and yield can be produced in large quantities at low cost.
It can fully meet the needs of fruit and vegetable growers.

[0019]

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

[Figure 1] A perspective view showing the hypocotyl of a rootstock being attracted and held by a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets.

[Figure 2] A perspective view showing the state in which the cotyledon part of the rootstock is cut

[Figure 3] A perspective view showing how the hypocotyl of a scion is attracted and held by a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets.

[Figure 4] A perspective view showing the state in which the root of the scion is cut

[Figure 5
] A perspective view showing the state in which the cut surfaces of the rootstock and scion are crimped together to promote rooting in a simple curing house.

[Figure 6] Longitudinal cross-sectional view of main parts showing crimped state

[Fig. 7] A vertical cross-sectional view of the main parts of another embodiment showing the crimped state.

[Figure 8] Perspective view of grafted seedlings

[0020]

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Tray for young seedlings 1a Medium storage recess 1b Partition site 1c Support member 2. Scion (cucumber) 2a True leaves 2b Hypocotyl 2c Root 3 Rootstock (pumpkin) 3a True leaves 3b Hypocotyl 4 Rod-shaped rubber magnet for rootstock 4a Clamping groove 4b Joint surface 4c Top surface 5 Bar-shaped rubber magnet for scion 5a Clamping groove 5b Joint surface 5c Bottom 6 Knife (cutting tool) 7 Simple curing house 8 Adsorption surface 9 Grafted seedlings

Claims (2)

[Claims] Claim 1: Hypocotyls of young fruit and vegetable seedlings, which are at the stage of first true leaf development for both the rootstock and the scion, are placed at a constant interval in the longitudinal direction of the joint surfaces of a pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets for the rootstock and scion, respectively. Then, the cotyledon part of the rootstock is cut off along the top surface of the bar-shaped rubber magnet, and the root part of the scion is cut off along the bottom surface of the bar-shaped rubber magnet. A rod-shaped rubber magnet for scion is placed on the top surface of a rod-shaped rubber magnet for rootstock so that the cut surface of the rootstock and the cut surface of the scion are aligned, and the rootstock and scion are cut by the attraction force of the magnet. A method for grafting young fruit and vegetable seedlings, characterized in that the grafting is performed by pressing the surfaces together. 2. A pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets for grafting seedlings of fruits and vegetables, and a tray for seedlings for raising seedlings of rootstocks, wherein a tray is provided in the longitudinal direction of the joining surface of the pair of rod-shaped rubber magnets. Holding grooves that sandwich the hypocotyls of trees and scions are formed at regular intervals, and the seedling tray has suction and holding grooves that hold hypocotyls of rootstocks and scions on the joint surface through the holding grooves. 1. A grafting device for fruit and vegetable seedlings, characterized in that a pair of supporting members of rod-shaped rubber magnets are protruded at a required interval.