JPH04301317A - insulated wire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an insulated electric wire which is not transformed under the high-temperature environment, excellent in flexibility and has no gas adsorption face. CONSTITUTION:A core material 1 made of copper or copper alloy, an iron or iron group alloy layer 2, a nickel or nickel group alloy layer 3, and an insulating ceramic layer 4 are provided. The insulating ceramic layer 4 is formed by the heat treatment of a ceramic precursor solution.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to insulated wires used as wiring wires and winding wires in high-vacuum equipment, high-temperature equipment, and the like.

0002

2. Description of the Related Art Insulated wires are sometimes used in equipment that requires safety under high temperatures, such as heating equipment and fire alarms. Insulated wires are also used in environments that are heated to high temperatures inside automobiles. As such insulated wires, insulated wires in which a conductor is coated with a heat-resistant organic resin such as polyimide or fluororesin have been known.

[0003] When used in applications that require high heat resistance or in environments that require a high degree of vacuum, organic coating alone is insufficient in terms of heat resistance, gas release properties, etc. Therefore, we have introduced insulated wires in which the conductor is passed through a ceramic insulator tube, and insulated wires in which the conductor is passed through a tube made of a heat-resistant alloy such as a stainless steel alloy filled with fine particles of metal oxide such as magnesium oxide. MI cables and the like have been used for such purposes.

[0004] Examples of insulated wires that require flexibility as well as heat resistance include glass braided insulated wires that use woven glass fibers as an insulating member.

[0005] Furthermore, for heat-resistant applications, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 55-0437
Publication No. 46 and Fujikura Technique (April 1989, No. 76
There is a ceramic-coated electric wire disclosed in No., pp. 51-56). This method forms an insulating layer made of a mixture of silicone resin and ceramic powder on wires made of nickel-plated copper, platinum, silver, or stainless steel, so that even if the silicone resin is heated to a temperature higher than that at which it can thermally decompose, the silicone resin will remain intact. This is a ceramic wire that retains ceramic powder after decomposition and maintains insulation.

[0006]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In an insulated wire coated with an organic resin as described above, the maximum temperature at which insulation can be maintained is about 300°C at most. Therefore, 30
Such an organic insulated electric wire cannot be used in applications where insulation is required to be guaranteed at high temperatures of 0° C. or higher.

[0007] Furthermore, insulated wires whose heat resistance is improved by using ceramic insulator tubes have drawbacks such as poor flexibility. Since the MI cable is composed of a heat-resistant alloy tube and a conductor, the outer diameter of the cable is large. Therefore, the MI cable has a relatively large cross section with respect to the amount of power it allows. Also,
The outer layer of the MI cable is made of a heat-resistant alloy tube, so it has good flexibility. It is necessary to bend the tube at a certain curvature. At this time, it is difficult to bend the heat-resistant alloy tube. Furthermore, when winding an MI cable into a coil, the outer layer of the cable is thicker than the conductor, so it is difficult to improve the winding density.

Furthermore, when using a glass braided insulated wire that is flexible and heat resistant, there is a problem in that glass dust is generated from the glass fibers when the wire is arranged in a predetermined shape depending on the intended use. This glass dust can become a source of gas adsorption. Therefore, if a glass braided insulated wire is used in an environment that requires a high degree of vacuum, it is impossible to maintain a high degree of vacuum because of the gas adsorption source provided by the glass dust.

On the other hand, so-called alumite wires, which are aluminum or aluminum alloy wires subjected to anodizing treatment, have conventionally existed as insulated wires with good heat resistance, insulation properties, and heat dissipation properties. In this alumite electric wire, the base material is limited to one type of aluminum. When considering heat resistance, since the melting point of aluminum is 660℃, the upper limit of heat resistance is defined by itself, and furthermore, the upper limit of heat resistance is 660℃.
500℃ due to the decrease in mechanical strength even at lower temperatures.
The degree of use is the limit of use.

[0010] Furthermore, the insulation coating of the ceramic electric wire is porous and tends to generate dust, making it impossible to use it in a vacuum.

Copper or a copper alloy is most suitable as a conductor from the viewpoints of high electrical conductivity, ease of soldering, strength, and cost. However, copper has low resistance to oxidizing agents and is oxidized even at room temperature in the atmosphere or changes into a basic carbonate patina. Further, in a high temperature environment, oxidation progresses, making it impossible to use it as a conductor. To overcome this problem, nickel-plated copper wire, in which the surface of copper is plated with nickel, has been used. However, although nickel-plated copper wire has no particular problem when used at temperatures of about 400° C., conductivity decreases at higher temperatures due to diffusion and alloying of copper and nickel. For example, after 2000 hours at 600° C., the conductivity of the conductor decreases by about 20%.

An object of the present invention is to solve these conventional problems and provide an insulated wire having the following characteristics.

(a) No deterioration in high temperature environments (b) Excellent flexibility (c) No glass adsorption source

0014
]

[Means for Solving the Problems] An insulated wire according to the present invention includes a core material made of copper or a copper-based alloy, an iron or iron-based alloy layer provided on the outer surface of the core material, and an iron or iron-based alloy layer provided on the outer surface of the core material. It includes a nickel or nickel-based alloy layer provided on the outer surface, and an insulating ceramic layer formed on the outer surface of the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer by heat treatment of a ceramic precursor solution.

[0015] As the iron-based alloy layer, stainless steel or the like can be used. In this case, austenitic stainless steel with excellent machinability is preferred.

[0016] As the insulating ceramic layer, silica,
Alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, stabilized zirconia, and the like can be used.

Ceramic precursors for forming the insulating ceramic layer include metal alkoxides, organic acid salts of metals, silicone resins, polysilazane, polycarbosilane, and polyborosiloxane.

If a thick insulating ceramic layer is required, ceramic fine particles may be dispersed in the ceramic precursor solution.

Furthermore, applications requiring a high degree of flexibility require a high degree of adhesion so that the insulating ceramic layer does not fall off even during severe bending. To form such an insulating ceramic layer, it is preferable to form a chromium oxide-containing layer on the surface of the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer by electroplating, for example.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, an iron or iron-based alloy layer 2 is provided around a core material 1 of a copper wire. A nickel or nickel-based alloy layer 3 is provided around the iron or iron-based alloy layer 2, and an insulating ceramic layer 4 is provided around the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer 3.

[0021]

According to the present invention, iron or an iron-based alloy is provided between copper or a copper-based alloy and nickel or a nickel-based alloy. Iron and iron-based alloys diffuse slowly with copper and copper-based alloys even at high temperatures, and conductor resistance increases only slightly even when used for long periods of time at high temperatures. Therefore, the iron or iron-based alloy layer prevents mutual diffusion at high temperatures between copper or copper-based alloy and nickel or nickel-based alloy, thereby suppressing a decrease in electrical conductivity.

In addition, the insulating ceramic layer provided on the outer surface of the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer in the present invention is formed by heat treatment of a ceramic precursor solution, so it is a smooth thin film and is flexible. It has excellent flexibility and does not have gas adsorption properties. With this invention,
To form the insulating ceramic layer, for example, the process of applying and heating a ceramic precursor solution can be repeated multiple times. As the insulating ceramic, various materials can be selected depending on the purpose.

In the present invention, the ceramic insulating layer can be obtained by applying a ceramic precursor solution and subjecting it to heat treatment.

A solution containing a ceramic precursor is a metal organic compound having an alkoxide group, a hydroxyl group, and a metalloxane bond, which is produced by a hydrolysis reaction and a dehydration condensation reaction of a compound having a hydrolyzable organic group such as a metal alkoxide. It is a solution consisting of a polymer compound. This solution also contains an organic solvent such as alcohol as a solvent, a metal alkoxide as a raw material, and a small amount of water and a catalyst necessary for the hydrolysis reaction.

[0025] Furthermore, the solution containing the ceramic precursor contains a metal-organic compound (Metal-organic C
It also includes a solution obtained by mixing and dissolving compounds) in a suitable organic solvent. Since the material used in this invention thermally decomposes this metal organic compound by heating to form a metal oxide film, it is limited to those whose thermal decomposition temperature at atmospheric pressure is lower than the boiling point of the metal organic compound. Ru. for example,
SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2,
and MgO. As the organic acid salt, metal salts with naphthenic acid, caprylic acid, stearic acid, and octylic acid are preferred. Further, as the metal alkoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, butoxide, etc. are used.

The oxide insulating layer formed by the organic acid salt pyrolysis method is a ceramic oxide. This oxide may be formed by heat treatment of a metal oxide precursor solution in an oxygen stream atmosphere.

Examples of the nitride and carbide insulating ceramic layer include silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride. When forming silicon nitride, polysilazane can be used as a ceramic precursor, and when forming aluminum nitride, it is preferable to use a polymer of alkylaminoaluminum. This is because both have a small shrinkage rate when converted into ceramics by heating, and it has been found that defects such as cracks are less likely to occur in the resulting ceramic film. The carbide insulating layer is formed by thermal decomposition of polycarbosilane or polyborosiloxane. The heat treatment of polycarbosilane and polyborosiloxane may be performed under an inert atmosphere in an argon or nitrogen stream. The insulating layer obtained by such heat treatment is a ceramic carbide. Further, when heating is performed in the atmosphere, part or most of the carbide may be oxidized to become a mixture of carbide and oxide.

[0028] Thus, the ceramic carbide insulating layer exhibits excellent heat-resistant insulation even at temperatures of 1000°C or higher.

Furthermore, applications requiring a high degree of flexibility require strong adhesion to prevent the insulating ceramic layer from falling off even during severe bending. In such a case, it is preferable to form a chromium oxide-containing layer around the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer by electroplating.

When the chromium oxide layer is formed by electroplating, an aqueous solution of chromic acid to which a small amount of an organic acid is added is used. Generally, as an electrolytic bath used when performing chromium plating, a Sargent bath mainly containing chromic acid and sulfuric acid is known, but it differs from this bath in the following points. That is, the mineral acid mixed in the electrolytic bath has the function of dissolving chromium oxide generated on the plating surface during electroplating. For this purpose, a shiny metallic chromium layer is plated. In this invention, this chromium oxide is preferentially plated. Furthermore, a thin film of insulating ceramics is formed on the outer surface of the layer mainly composed of chromium oxide by heat treatment of a metal nitride precursor solution. In order to increase the adhesion of this thin film, it is preferable that the surface of the layer mainly composed of chromium oxide is rough. For this reason, it differs from commonly performed bright plating in terms of current density, etc. For bright plating, it depends on the processing temperature, but 10 to 6
Although a current density of 0 A/dm2 is used, in this invention a current density of 100-200 A/dm2 is used,
Get a rough surface.

[0031] Since the insulating layer is formed using a method using a solution, the linear substrate can be coated with simple equipment and at high speed.

[0032]

[Example] Example 1 Austenitic stainless steel (
A wire rod having a structure in which a SuS304) layer was provided and a nickel layer was provided on the outside thereof was prepared by a fitting method. Wire diameter is 0.5m
m, the nickel layer is 25 μm, and the stainless steel layer is 10 μm.
The thickness was . The initial conductivity was 78.8% IACS.

Under nitrogen flow, 1,1,1,3,3,3-
40g of hexamethyldisilazane and 11g of trichlorosilane
5 g were mixed and stirred at 70°C for 5 hours. Furthermore, 16
Distillation was carried out at 0°C to distill and remove by-products. Next, by-products were completely removed by vacuum distillation at 120° C. and 5 mmHg to obtain 5 g of polysilazane. The by-products mentioned here are mainly trimethylchlorosilane and oligosilazane. Polysilazane was diluted five times with toluene to obtain a coating solution containing a ceramic precursor.

[0034] The conductor produced by the above-mentioned fitting method was immersed in this coating solution. The wire was taken out and heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 700° C. for 10 minutes to dry the coating solution and form a ceramic layer on the surface. This coating and heating process was repeated 10 times to form an insulating ceramic layer.

A sample with a length of 30 cm was taken from the insulated wire thus obtained. Platinum foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm was placed between four of these samples at intervals of about 50 mm.
It was wrapped around each part to a length of about 10 mm. conductor -
When a 60Hz AC voltage was applied between the metal foils, 50
Dielectric breakdown occurred at 0V. Furthermore, when the insulated wire was bent, the insulation properties were maintained even when the wire was bent to a diameter of 10 mm.

Furthermore, this insulated wire was heated at 600°C for 200°C.
After heating for 0 hours, samples with a length of 30 cm were taken. This is the same as before, using platinum foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm,
Approximately 10 m at four locations on the sample at intervals of approximately 50 mm.
When an alternating current voltage of 60 Hz was applied between the conductor and the metal foil, the conductor was wound with a length of m, and dielectric breakdown occurred at 500V. Furthermore, when the electrical conductivity was measured, it was found to be 78.1% IACS, which was a slight decrease.

Example 2 Polyborodiphenylsiloxane (Polyborodi
phenylsiloxane) (SiPh2 -O-
P2)n was dissolved in toluene to form a 40% by weight solution. Furthermore, silicon carbide powder (nominal particle size 0.50 μm) was added to
g to prepare a coating solution. A wire rod produced by the same fitting method as in Example 1 was immersed in this coating solution. It was removed from the coating solution and heated at a temperature of 500° C. for 10 minutes. This coating and heating process was repeated five times to form an insulating ceramic layer.

A sample with a length of 30 cm was taken from the obtained insulated wire. Approximately 5 pieces of platinum foil with a thickness of 0.02mm
The sample was wrapped closely at four locations, each approximately 10 mm long, at 0 mm intervals. When a 60Hz AC voltage was applied between the conductor and the metal foil, the voltage was 800V.
dielectric breakdown occurred. Furthermore, when the insulated wire was bent, the insulation properties were maintained even when the wire was bent to a diameter of 50 mm.

Furthermore, this insulated wire was heated at 600°C for 200°C.
After heating for 0 hours, samples with a length of 30 cm were taken. In the same way as above, approximately 50 m of platinum foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm was
The sample was wrapped closely at four locations with a distance of m, each approximately 10 mm long. When an AC voltage of 60 Hz was applied between the conductor and the metal foil, dielectric breakdown occurred at 800V. Furthermore, when the conductivity was measured, it was found to be 79% IA
Maintained CS.

Example 3 Austenitic stainless steel (
A wire rod having a structure in which a SuS304) layer was formed and a copper layer was further formed around the stainless steel layer was prepared by a fitting method. After wire drawing the wire to reduce its diameter, the outermost copper layer was dissolved and removed with nitric acid. This wire was nickel plated to a thickness of 3 μm using a Sargent bath. As a result, a wire rod having a wire diameter of 0.45 mm and a stainless steel layer thickness of 10 μm was obtained. The initial conductivity of this wire was 89.7% IACS.

A chromium oxide-containing layer was formed on the outer surface of this wire in the following manner. An electroplating solution with a concentration of 200 g/l of chromic anhydride, 20 g/l of ammonium metavanadate, and 6.5 g/l of acetic acid was used as the electroplating solution, and the plating conditions were as follows: the conductor was used as the cathode, the bath temperature was 50°C, and the current density was 150 A. Chromium plating was performed at a temperature of /dm2 and a treatment time of 2 minutes. In this way, a chromium oxide-containing layer with a thickness of about 1 μm was formed on the outer surface.

[0042] To a solution of 10 mol% zirconium butoxide and 20 mol% ethanolamine in n-butanol, 2.1 times the molar amount of water relative to the zirconium alkoxide was diluted with diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture was stirred at 110°C for 2 hours. Then, a coating solution was prepared.

The wire rod on which the chromium oxide-containing layer was formed was immersed in this coating solution. This wire was pulled up and heated at 800° C. for 10 minutes. This dip coating and heating process is completed in 1
This was repeated 0 times to form an insulating ceramic layer.

A sample with a length of 30 cm was taken from the obtained insulated wire. Approximately 5 pieces of platinum foil with a thickness of 0.02mm
The sample was wrapped at four locations with a length of about 10 mm at intervals of 0 mm. 60 between conductor and metal foil
When an AC voltage of Hz was applied, dielectric breakdown occurred at 1000V. When the insulated wire was bent, the diameter was 20mm.
The insulation properties were maintained even when bent to a diameter of .

Furthermore, this insulated wire was heated at 600°C for 200°C.
After heating for 0 hours, samples with a length of 30 cm were taken. Platinum foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm was wrapped around the sample at four locations with a length of about 10 mm at intervals of about 50 mm. When an AC voltage of 60 Hz was applied between the conductor and the metal foil, dielectric breakdown occurred at 1000V. Furthermore, when the conductivity was measured, 89.2% IACS was maintained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Core material 2 Iron or iron-based alloy layer 3 Nickel or nickel-based alloy layer 4 Insulating ceramic layer

Claims (6)

[Claims] [Claim 1] A core material made of copper or a copper-based alloy;
The iron or iron-based alloy layer provided on the outer surface of the core material, the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer provided on the outer surface of the iron or iron-based alloy layer, and the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer provided on the outer surface of the core material by heat treatment of a ceramic precursor solution. An insulated wire comprising an insulating ceramic layer formed on the outer surface of a nickel-based alloy layer. 2. The insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein the iron-based alloy is stainless steel. 3. The insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic precursor is a metal alkoxide, a metal organic acid salt, a silicone resin, a polysilazane, a polycarbosilane, or a polyborosiloxane. 4. The insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein the insulating ceramic layer contains silica, alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, a mixture thereof, or partially stabilized zirconia. 5. In the ceramic precursor solution,
The insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein ceramic fine particles are dispersed. 6. The insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein a chromium oxide-containing layer is formed on the surface of the nickel or nickel-based alloy layer by electroplating.