JPH0436701A - Glass element, display element and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to display elements with bright screens such as liquid crystal displays, plasma displays, and electroluminescent displays, glass elements used in these display elements, and glass elements used in these display elements. Regarding the manufacturing method.

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various thin display elements have been proposed to replace CRTs (CATHOD ray tubes). transistor(
Active matrix type liquid crystal displays formed with TPT have been attracting particular attention.

In such a display element, light from a light source is transmitted through the aperture of each pixel, so the light transmittance depends on the aperture ratio of the pixel. In high-definition liquid crystal displays, when extremely small pixels are formed at high density, there is a limit to reducing the size of TPT, and the TP that occupies each pixel is limited.
The area of T becomes relatively large. In other words, the aperture through which light passes becomes smaller (decreased aperture).
, the amount of transmitted light decreases. As the amount of transmitted light decreases, the screen becomes darker and the display quality deteriorates.

As a method to solve this problem, a method has been considered in which the light that has been absorbed until now by the wiring and light shielding body necessary for TPT formation is condensed by a lens and used effectively. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 165624/1983 describes that microlenses having a semi-cylindrical shape, a groove shape, and a single-shape shape are formed by subjecting the glass substrate itself to conventional mechanical processing.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the conventional case, for example, a 3-inch ultra-high-density liquid crystal display requires approximately 1 million microlenses; It is extremely difficult to process microlenses using this method, and it is impossible to mass-produce such microlenses.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a micro-sized piece having a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at a plurality of locations perpendicular to the cut surface of one of the small pieces obtained by cutting the sphere. A glass element with a large number of optical elements arranged, and a micro optical element with a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations perpendicular to the cut plane of one of the small pieces obtained by cutting the sphere, correspond to each pixel. A large number of micro optical elements having a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations perpendicular to the cut plane of one of the small cut pieces obtained by cutting a sphere, and a large number of micro optical elements arranged in such a manner that A method for manufacturing a glass element by hot press-molding glass using a press-molding mold compatible with The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a display element in which glass is hot press-molded using a press-molding mold that has the shape obtained and is compatible with a large number of micro optical elements arranged to correspond to each pixel. .

Function The glass element 9 display element and the manufacturing method thereof of the present invention provide a micro-optical device having a shape obtained by cutting one of the small cut pieces obtained by cutting a sphere at a plurality of locations in the vertical direction of the cut surface. A glass element in which a large number of elements are arranged, and a micro-optical element having a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations perpendicular to the cut plane of one of the small pieces obtained by cutting the sphere, are attached to each pixel. By means of a large number of display elements arranged in this manner, light at the aperture of the pixel and in the vicinity of the aperture is also focused. Therefore, the pixel aperture ratio becomes substantially close to 100%, making it possible to provide a bright screen and display with high display quality. Such display elements can be manufactured with high precision in mass production with extremely good mass productivity by hot forming glass using a press molding die that corresponds to the desired shape of the microscopic optical element.

Example An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

The thin film coated on the press-forming mold is preferably a noble metal that does not react or fuse with low-melting glass, tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, or hafnium, or an alloy thereof.

The atmosphere in which the low melting point glass and these thin films do not react or fuse together is an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium, etc., and these inert gases contain hydrogen, carbon oxide, or carbon M (tJl) such as carbon oxide or carbon dioxide. , hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, ethylene, and toluene, and halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene and trichlorotrifluoroethane.

Alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin, F
A non-oxidizing atmosphere containing an appropriate mixture of fluorocarbons such as -113 and F-11 is desirable; these atmospheres or press molding conditions (temperature, time, and pressure) are as follows:
It is selected as appropriate depending on conditions such as the composition of the low-melting glass, the composition of the I film coated on the press-molding mold, or the shape of the optical micro optical element array.

Example 1 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a glass element of the present invention.

The glass element of the present invention is produced by first cutting a sphere to obtain a small hemisphere, and then cutting the hemisphere at four points perpendicular to the cut surface 9, thereby creating a micro-optical device having a cut surface 2 and a spherical shape 1. A large number of elements are arranged on a glass substrate 3. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the glass element of the present invention. When the glass element of the present invention is viewed from above, as shown in FIG. There is. FIG. 3 is a side view of the glass element of the present invention. When the glass element of the present invention is viewed from the side, as shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that a large number of micro optical elements having a spherical shape 1 and a cut surface 2 are formed on a glass substrate 3.

Next, a method for manufacturing the glass element and display element of the present invention will be described.

Cemented carbide (WC-57
iC-8Co) was cut into 50 x 40 x 10 square plates, wrapped and polished using ultra-fine diamond powder, and the surface roughness (RMS) was approximately 3.
It has a mirror surface of nm. Concave microlenses were formed in a lattice shape at a pitch of 40 μm on the mirror-surfaced base material 4 using an indentation device using a diamond indenter that was numerically cut with high precision.

At this time, the diamond indenter used had a partially spherical shape with a radius of curvature of 150 μm and four sides cut perpendicular to the bottom surface. This was coated with a thin film 5 of platinum-iridium-osmium alloy (Pt-1r-Os) by sputtering to obtain a mold for press molding.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the glass element and display element of the present invention. In Fig. 4, 8 is a transparent glass substrate (40 cm x 30 m square) with a polished surface, 6 is a base material of a flat press mold, and 7 is a platinum plate on the base material 6. - It was an iridium-osmium alloy thin film, and was produced in the same manner as the press molding die described above. As shown in Figure 4, a flat press mold, a glass substrate 8, and a press mold with a concave micro-optical element were set in this order from above, and nitrogen gas was flowed at 20 liters per minute. Hot press molding was carried out in a molding machine maintained in an atmosphere. Press molding conditions are mold temperature 760°C, press pressure 30
kg/cj, press time was 2 minutes. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the micro optical element of the present invention. After press molding, the glass is slowly cooled to 400° C. together with the press mold, so that a large number of micro optical elements having a cut surface 2 and a spherical shape 1 are formed on the glass substrate 3 shown in FIG. I got the element.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the display element of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, a spherical shape 1 is placed on the glass substrate 3 so as to correspond to the transparent electrode 14 made of ITO that constitutes the pixel.
A micro optical element having a cut surface 2 and a cut surface 2 was formed. A thin film transistor (TPT) 1 made of amorphous silicon is placed on the opposite side of the glass substrate 11 on which the micro optical element is formed.
3 and a transparent electrode 14 made of ITO constituting a pixel were respectively formed, and a polarizing plate 18 was attached to the surface facing the micro optical element. - A common electrode 16 made of ITO is provided on one entire surface of the plate-shaped glass substrate 12, and a color filter 21 is provided on the common electrode 16 at a position corresponding to the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, and on the other surface. A polarizing plate 17 was attached. The glass substrates 3 and 12 having such a configuration were fixed with an adhesive (not shown), and a liquid crystal material 15 was injected into the gap therebetween.

In such a display element, when the incident light 20 is incident in parallel, the common electrode 16 and the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel
When the voltage applied between is on, the plane of polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal material 15 is unchanged, and when the voltage applied is off, the plane of polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal material 15 is It rotates 90 degrees and cannot pass through the liquid crystal material 15.

The radius of curvature of the micro-optical element is determined so that it is focused at the position of the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, and the incident light 20 that has passed through the micro-optical element is focused on the transparent electrode 14, which is the opening, and then Common electrode 16. Transmits through the glass substrate 12. As is clear from FIG. 4, when the incident light 20 enters in parallel, almost all of the light passes through the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, which is the aperture, without being blocked by the thin film transistor 13, and is displayed. contributed effectively to

Therefore, the aperture ratio of the pixels is substantially increased, making it possible to create a bright screen and display with high display quality.

Example 2 Similar to Example 1, the glass element of the present invention was manufactured by first cutting a sphere to obtain a small hemisphere, and then cutting the hemisphere at six points perpendicular to the cut plane 9, as shown in FIG. Similarly, a large number of micro optical elements having a cut surface 2 and a spherical shape l are arranged on a glass substrate 3. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the glass element of the present invention. When the glass element of the present invention is viewed from above, as shown in FIG. , and these hexagons are adjacent to each other on the glass substrate 3. Next, a method for manufacturing the glass element and display element of the present invention will be described.

Cermet (TiC-
10Mo-9Ni) was cut into a 50 mm x 40 m x 10 pus angle flat plate, which was lapped and polished using ultrafine diamond powder to give a mirror surface with a surface roughness (RMS) of about 3 nm. Approximately 80 concave microlenses are injected onto the mirror-surfaced base material 4 in a lattice pattern at a pitch of 40 μm using a device that uses a diamond indenter and is numerically controlled with high precision.
A million pieces were formed. At this time, the diamond indenter used had a partially spherical shape with a radius of curvature of 400 μm and six sides cut perpendicular to the bottom surface.

This was coated with a thin film 5 of rhodium-gold-tungsten alloy (Rh-Au-W) by sputtering to form a press molding die.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the glass element and surface element of the present invention. In Fig. 4, 8 is a transparent glass substrate (40 m * 30-square) with a polished surface, 6 is the base material of a flat press mold, and 7 is the base material on the base material 6. It was a rhodium-gold-tungsten alloy IM, and was produced in the same manner as the press molding die described above. As shown in Fig. 4, a flat press mold, a transparent glass substrate 8, and a press mold with a concave micro optical element are set in this order from above, and nitrogen gas is heated at 20 liters/min. Hot press molding was carried out in a molding machine maintained in an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas mixed at a rate of 1 liter/min. The press molding conditions were a mold temperature of 760°C and a press pressure of 30 kg/c4.
The pressing time was 2 minutes.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the micro optical element of the present invention. After press molding, the glass is slowly cooled together with a press mold to 400°C, thereby forming a large number of micro optical elements having a cut surface 2 and a spherical shape 1 on the glass substrate 3 shown in FIG. I got the element.

As in Example 1, the IT that configures the pixels as shown in FIG.
A micro optical element having a spherical shape 1 and a cut surface 2 was formed on a transparent glass substrate 3 so as to correspond to a transparent electrode 14 made of O. Glass substrate 1 on which micro optical elements are formed
On the opposite side of 1 is f! made of amorphous silicon. ITO forming the membrane transistor (TPT) 13 and pixels
Transparent electrodes 14 were respectively formed, and a polarizing plate 18 was attached to the surface facing the micro optical element. - A common electrode 16 made of ITO is formed on one entire surface of the glass substrate 12 in the form of a Kichiji plate.
, and a color filter 21 was provided on the common electrode 16 at a position corresponding to the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, and a polarizing plate 17 was attached to the other surface. The glass substrates 3 and 12 having such a configuration were fixed with an adhesive (not shown), and a liquid crystal material 15 was injected into the gap therebetween. In such a display element, when the incident light 20 is incident in parallel and the voltage applied between the common electrode 16 and the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel is on, the light passing through the liquid crystal material 15 is polarized. The wavefront passes through unchanged, and when the applied voltage is off, the plane of polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal material 15 is rotated by 90 degrees and cannot pass through the liquid crystal material 15.

The radius of curvature of the micro-optical element is determined so that it is focused at the position of the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, and the incident light 20 that has passed through the micro-optical element is focused on the transparent electrode 14, which is the opening, and then It passes through the common electrode 16 and the glass substrate 12. As is clear from FIG. 4, when the incident light 20 enters in parallel, almost all of the light passes through the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, which is the aperture, without being blocked by the thin film transistor 13, and is displayed. contributed effectively to

Therefore, the aperture ratio of the pixels is substantially increased, making it possible to create a bright screen and display with high display quality.

Example 3 Similar to Example 1, the glass element of the present invention was manufactured by first cutting a sphere to obtain a small hemisphere, and then cutting the hemisphere at three points perpendicular to the cut plane 9, as shown in FIG. Similarly, a large number of micro optical elements having a cut surface 2 and a spherical shape 1 are arranged on a glass substrate 3. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the glass element of the present invention. 1 When the glass element of the present invention is viewed from above, as shown in FIG. Further, these triangles are adjacent to each other on the glass substrate 3.

Next, a method for manufacturing the glass element and display element of the present invention will be described.

Cermet (TiC-
The surface roughness (RMS
) was made into a mirror surface with a thickness of about 3 nm.

3 concave microlenses are injected into the base material 4, which has become a mirror surface, using an indentation device using a diamond indenter that is numerically controlled with high precision.
Approximately 1.2 million pieces were formed in a grid pattern with a pitch of 0 μm. At this time, the diamond indenter used had a partially spherical shape with a radius of curvature of 250 μm and a side surface cut into three sides perpendicular to the bottom surface. A thin film 5 of platinum-tantalum-rhenium alloy (Pt-Ta-Re) is coated on this by sputtering,
This was used as a mold for press molding.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the method for manufacturing the glass element and surface element of the present invention. In Fig. 4, 8 is a transparent glass substrate (40 m x 30 mm square) with a polished surface, 6 is a base material for a flat press mold, and 7 is a surface of the base material 6. - A tantalum rhenium alloy 1 film, produced in the same manner as the press molding die described above. As shown in Fig. 4, from above, a flat press mold, a glass substrate 8
The press molding mold in which the concave micro-optical element was formed was placed in the order of 10 minutes, and heated in a molding machine maintained in an atmosphere containing 20 liters/minute of helium gas and 2 liters/minute of carbon dioxide gas. Press molded. The press molding conditions were a mold temperature of 760°C, a press pressure of 3 ok/d, and a press time of 2 minutes.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the micro optical element of the present invention.

After press molding, the material was slowly cooled to 400°C together with the press mold, thereby forming a large number of micro optical elements having a cut surface 2 and a spherical shape 1 on the glass substrate 3 shown in FIG. A glass element was obtained.

As in Example 1, the IT that configures the pixels as shown in FIG.
A micro optical element having a spherical shape 1 and a cut surface 2 was formed on a glass substrate 3 so as to correspond to the transparent electrode 14 made of O. Transparent glass substrate 1 on which micro optical elements are formed
A thin film transistor (TPT) 13 made of amorphous silicon and a transparent electrode 14 made of ITO constituting a pixel were respectively formed on the opposite surface of 1, and a polarizing plate 18 was attached to the surface facing the micro optical element. - A common electrode 16 made of ITO on one entire surface of the glass substrate 12 in the form of a Kichiji plate;
A color filter 21 was provided on the common electrode 16 at a position corresponding to the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, and a polarizing plate 17 was attached to the other surface. The glass substrates 3 and 12 having such a configuration were fixed with an adhesive (not shown), and a liquid crystal material 15 was injected into the gap therebetween. In such a display element, when the incident light 20 is incident in parallel and the voltage applied between the common electrode 16 and the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel is on, the light passing through the liquid crystal material 15 is polarized. The wavefront passes through unchanged, and when the applied voltage is off, the plane of polarization of the light passing through the liquid crystal material 15 is rotated by 90 degrees and cannot pass through the liquid crystal material 15.

The radius of curvature of the micro-optical element is determined so that it is focused at the position of the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, and the incident light 20 that has passed through the micro-optical element is focused on the transparent electrode 14, which is the opening, and then It passes through the common electrode 16 and the glass substrate 12. As is clear from FIG. 4, when the incident light 20 enters in parallel, almost all of the light passes through the transparent electrode 14 constituting the pixel, which is the aperture, without being blocked by the thin film transistor 13, and is displayed. contributed effectively to

Therefore, the aperture ratio of the pixels is substantially increased, making it possible to create a bright screen and display with high display quality.

Comparative Example A glass element of a comparative example is shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, a large number of semi-cylindrical micro optical elements 31 were formed on a glass substrate 3, and a display element having the same configuration as that in FIG. 5 was manufactured except for this. When incident light 20 enters the display element having such a configuration in parallel, the light is not focused on the transparent electrode I4, which is the aperture, in the direction parallel to the semi-cylindrical micro optical element 31, so the light condensation is dependent on the aperture ratio. no effect,
It was not possible to create a bright screen and display with high display quality.

In addition, in the glass element 1 of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof, press molding conditions (temperature, time, pressure, atmosphere), glass substrate, press mold base material, thin film composition coating it, or micro-optical The shape of the element (the shape of the cut surface 9 of the hemisphere may be a polygon or a regular polygon), the number of elements, the manufacturing method thereof, the display principle of the display element, the element configuration, etc. are limited to this example. isn't it.

As described in detail of the invention, the glass element, display element, and manufacturing method thereof of the present invention can be obtained by cutting one of the small pieces obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations in the vertical direction of the cut surface. A glass element in which a large number of micro-optical elements each having a shape are arranged, and a micro-optical element having a shape obtained by cutting one of the small cut pieces obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations in a direction perpendicular to the cut surface. The light at and near the aperture of the pixel is also collected by the display elements in which a large number of the following are arranged so as to correspond to each pixel. Therefore, the pixel aperture ratio becomes substantially close to 100%, making it possible to provide a bright screen and display with high display quality. Such display elements can be manufactured with high precision glass elements and display elements with extremely good mass productivity by hot forming glass in a press molding mold corresponding to the desired shape of the microscopic optical element.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the glass element of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the glass element of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a side view of the glass element of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a glass element and display of the present invention. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a display element of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a plan view of another embodiment of the glass element of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the glass element of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a plan view of another example of the element, and a cross-sectional view of a glass element of a comparative example. ■... Spherical shape, 2... Cut surface, 3.
...Glass substrate, 4...Base material, 5...
... Thin film, 6 ... Base material, 7 ... Thin film, 8 ... Glass substrate, 9 ... Cut surface,
12...Glass substrate, 13...Thin film transistor, 14...Transparent electrode, 15...
...Liquid crystal material, 16...Common electrode, 17...
...Polarizing plate, 18...Polarizing plate, 20...
...Incoming light, 21...Color filter, 31
・・・・・・Semi-cylindrical shape. Name of agent: Patent attorney Shigetaka Awano (1 person)

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A glass element in which a large number of micro optical elements each having a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations in a direction perpendicular to the cut surface of one of the small pieces obtained by cutting a sphere is arranged. (2) A large number of micro optical elements each having a shape obtained by cutting one of the small cut bodies obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations in the vertical direction of the cut plane were arranged so as to correspond to each pixel. display element. (3) A press-forming metal that has a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple locations perpendicular to the cut surface of one of the small pieces obtained by cutting the sphere, and is compatible with a large number of arrayed micro optical elements. A method for manufacturing glass elements in which glass is hot press-molded using a mold. (4) A micro optical element having a shape obtained by cutting a sphere at multiple points in the vertical direction of the cut surface of one of the small pieces obtained by cutting the sphere, and arranged in large numbers to correspond to each pixel. A method for manufacturing display elements in which glass is hot press-molded using a compatible press-molding mold.