JPH0437809B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a cylindrical housing having a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending parallel to the reactor longitudinal axis through a catalyst bed inside the cylindrical housing; The housing is closed by an overlying cap, and a cylindrical jacket within the housing and surrounding the catalyst bed has a gas-permeable bottom or screen at the bottom supporting the catalyst bed. The present invention relates to an upright reactor for catalytic reactions, in particular for the production of methanol, which can be removed and taken out of the housing together with the catalyst bed in the longitudinal direction of the reactor.

PRIOR ART Such vertical reactors are known from German Patent Applications No. 2848014 and No. 2549398.

German Patent Application No. 3007203 describes a reactor for the synthesis of methanol using a catalyst, the cylindrical housing of which has a bed of catalyst on a perforated plate. Extending heat exchange tubes conduct the refrigerant into the bed. The heat exchange tubes are configured as fin tubes and extend linearly into the catalyst bed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing. The free ends of the heat exchange tubes open into the upper and lower tube sheets.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to easily replace the packed catalyst, monitor and replace the heat exchange tubes in the catalyst bed, and change the bottom or net of the catalyst bed with a structurally simple reactor configuration. The object of the present invention is to provide a reactor capable of carrying out this process. Despite these requirements listed above, it improves the flow conditions within the catalyst bed in order to obtain a longer life than known heat exchange tubes for the same purpose.

Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve this problem, according to the invention, a cylindrical jacket is formed from a finned tube, and a cylindrical jacket is connected to an upper and a lower part of the finned tube of the cylindrical jacket. The bent ends of a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor uniformly penetrate the interior space and form a cylindrical jacket, with fin tubes forming an annular conduit in the lower part of the reactor. A gas-permeable bottom or screen leading to the annular conduit and supporting the catalyst bed is attached to the annular conduit at the level of the annular conduit or to a finned tube section of the cylindrical jacket just above the annular conduit. It is being

Effects of the invention The advantage of the reactor according to the invention is that the cylindrical jacket consisting of a finned tube can be removed from the housing together with the packed catalyst in a closed manner with a pressure jacket and an insulating jacket, and then the catalyst can be removed from the cylindrical jacket. It is only necessary to remove all or part of the bottom or screen supporting the catalyst bed in order to allow free downward movement. By closing the bottom of the catalyst bed or the screen again, the cylindrical envelope of finned tubes can be easily filled with catalyst material.

The same is true for replacing heat exchange tubes.
These heat exchange tubes do not have to be removed from the catalyst housing, but can be easily accessed and removed individually from or integrated into the cylindrical jacket, which is open at the top over its entire cross section. A homogeneous geometrical flow space is formed between the heat exchange tubes as a receiving space for the catalyst material, which is closed and prevents the migration of gas into adjacent spaces,
Flow conditions within the catalyst bed are improved. This results in uniform gas impingement on the heat exchange tubes.

Embodiment The drawing shows an embodiment of a reactor according to the invention.

In the embodiment of the upright reactor according to FIG. 1, the housing G has an outer cylindrical pressure jacket 1 extending from the top to the bottom of the reactor and at its upper and lower edges, respectively. It has flanges 2 and 3. A cap 4, which closes the housing G from above, is connected by its flange 5 to the flange 2 of the cylindrical pressure jacket 1 and is connected to the bottom 6 of the housing G.
is connected to flange 3 by its flange 7.

An insulating layer 8 as an insulating jacket lining the pressure jacket 1 extends from the separating surface of the flanges 2, 5 to the separating surface of the flanges 3, 7. Cap body 4 and bottom 6
are also lined with insulating layers 9,10. The pressure jacket 1 and the cap 4 or the sole 6 and its lining are configured such that the cap 4 can be removed from the pressure jacket 1 without difficulty. The same is true for base 6 if necessary.

An insulating layer 8 lining the cylindrical pressure jacket 1 houses the middle part of the heat exchanger 11 . This heat exchanger 11 is closed on its outer periphery and has a fin tube 12.
It has a cylindrical outer cover 13 formed from. The upper and lower ends of the fin tube 12 lead to thickened tube sections 14, 15, which
opens into a lower distribution ring conduit 16 and an upper collecting ring conduit 17. The cooling medium for the heat exchanger 11 is supplied in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 via one or more tubes 18 passing through the bottom 6 and its insulating layer 10, while the heated cooling medium is fed through a collecting ring conduit 17. via one or more tubes 19.

The thickened tube sections 14 and 15 of the fin tubes 12 of the cylindrical jacket 13 have ends extending in the horizontal plane of the heat exchange tubes 22 of the heat exchanger 11, which extend perpendicularly and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor. Since the sections 20, 21 are in communication, a tube bundle of heat exchange tubes is formed.

At the level of the annular conduit 16 or slightly above this annular conduit 16 as shown in FIG. A bottom 23 extends, on which the catalytic material rests between the tubes 22 and extends from the net or bottom 23 of the catalyst bed approximately to the level of the separating surfaces of the flanges 2,5.

The bottom 6, together with its insulating layer 10, has a feed gas supply conduit 24, while the cap 4, together with its lining 9, has a methanol withdrawal conduit 25. The raw gas is fed through the tubes 22 and the bent ends 2 of these tubes 22.
0.21 and is discharged as methanol gas through a pipe 25 after reaction with the catalyst.

A cylindrical jacket 13 consisting of a finned tube 12 closed at its periphery is in close contact with the insulating layer 8 of the reactor. Once the cap 4 is removed with its insulating layer 9, the heat exchanger 11 together with its jacket 13 and catalyst material can be removed upwards from the reactor. The catalyst material can then be removed from the jacket 13 and replaced by partially or completely removing the catalyst bed screen or bottom 23. The tubes of the heat exchanger 11 can easily be moved upwardly or downwardly outside the housing G into the cylindrical jacket 13.
It can be removed from or incorporated into it.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, an outer pressure jacket 51 is also provided, which is lined with an insulating layer 52. The outer cover 51 has a flange 53 that can be combined with a flange 55 of a cap body 55. The supply of feed gas takes place by a conduit 56 approximately at mid-height of the reactor, passing through the pressure envelope 51 and its insulating layer 52. An insulating layer 52 surrounds the heat exchanger as in the embodiment according to FIG. The heat exchanger has an outer cylindrical jacket 57 consisting of fin tubes 58 which are connected to conduits 56.
Since the cutout is made at the height of , the source gas can enter the interior of the jacket 57 . Also in FIG. 2, a heat exchange tube 61 is provided whose ends 59 and 60 are bent and assembled into a tube bundle, and the fin tube 5
The annular conduits 62a, 6 lead to the thickened portions 62, 63 of 8, while these portions 62, 63 communicate with each other.
A cooling medium is supplied or withdrawn at 3a.

Above the raw material gas supply conduit 56, the pipe 61
The bottom 64 of the catalyst bed extends through it.

Above the annular conduit 63a is the bottom 64a of the second catalyst bed. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
The insulating layer 66 is integrally combined with the outer jacket 51 and the insulating layer 52, and is penetrated by a conduit 67 for introducing methanol gas, and similarly, the cap body 55 and its insulating layer 68 are also penetrated by a conduit 69.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the tube 22
or 61 is a pair of opposite fins 70,7
1 and the fins of these tubes are closed flow spaces 72
and is arranged so that gas flows through the catalyst material within this space 72. Strays of gas into adjacent spaces and thus uneven effects on the tubes 22, 61 are thereby largely avoided.
When the bottom 23, 64, 64a of the catalyst bed is partially opened, the almost completely closed space 72 allows the cylindrical jacket 1
The work of sequentially emptying the internal spaces of 3 and 57 can be easily performed.

It is known from DE 30 22 815 A1 to accommodate two catalyst beds one above the other in a reactor. The features directed thereto and related thereto have meaning only in combination with other features of the invention.

The substantially cylindrical jacket is equivalent to cylindrical jacket 1.
It is equated with 3,57.

According to FIGS. 4 and 5, the tube 22 has pins 8 distributed at the same angle around the circumference and pointing radially outward.
0, these pins 80 project into the flow space 72 and the catalyst bed and are arranged in a star pattern in the longitudinal direction of the tube. The pins projecting into the flow space 72 are provided at different heights, with pin 80' being above pin 80'' and pin 80'' being above pin 80'' in FIG.
It is located higher up.

The length of the pin 80 is approximately 1/4 of the distance between two diagonally adjacent tubes, for example, tubes 22 and 22'' in FIG.
It has become ~1/3. These pins are preferably driven into the tube or welded. The pin can also be configured as a square cross-section pin or with a head in the form of a stud.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 is a vertical section through a first embodiment of a reactor according to the invention with one catalyst bed; FIG. 2 is a further embodiment of the reactor with two catalyst beds accommodated in the interior space of the cylindrical jacket; FIG. FIG. 3 is a horizontal section through the catalyst bed of the example according to FIGS. 1 and 2; FIG.
Figure 5 shows a horizontal cross-section at another position of the reactor.
The figure is a sectional view taken along line V-V in FIG. 4. 4...Cap body, 12,58...Fin tube, 1
3, 57... Cylindrical outer cover, 14, 15... Upper part,
16,63a...Annular conduit, 20,21;59,
60... end, 22, 61... heat exchange tube, 23,
64a...Bottom or net, 26...Catalyst bed, 62,
63...Lower, G...Housing.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A housing having a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor through the catalyst bed inside the cylindrical housing, and supporting the catalyst bed at the lower part of the reactor. having a gas-permeable bottom or mesh;
The housing is closed by an overlying cap, and the cylindrical jacket within the housing and surrounding the catalyst bed is removable from the housing along with the catalyst bed in the longitudinal direction of the reactor by removing the cap, The cylindrical jacket 13,57 is the finned tube 12,5
8 formed from upper parts 14, 15 and lower parts 6 of finned tubes 12, 58 of cylindrical jackets 13, 57.
2, 63, bent ends 2 of a plurality of heat exchange tubes 22, 61 extending uniformly through the interior space of the cylindrical jacket 13, 57 and parallel to the reactor longitudinal axis;
0, 21 and 59, 60 are connected, and the cylindrical jacket 1
Fin tubes 12,58 forming 3,57 lead to the annular conduit 16,63a in the lower part of the reactor and a gas permeable bottom or screen 23,64 supporting the catalyst bed 26.
a is attached to the annular conduit 16, 63a at the level of this annular conduit 16, 63a or to the finned tube section 15, 63 of the cylindrical jacket 13, 57 directly above the annular conduit. A vertical reactor for catalytic reactions, characterized by: 2 Heat exchange tubes 22, 61 passing through the internal space of the cylindrical jacket 13, 57 in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor
These heat exchange tubes 2 are equipped with fins 70 and 71.
2, 61 and the fins 70, 71 of the adjacent heat exchange tubes form a plurality of closed flow spaces 72 of regular geometric cross section filled with catalyst material. Reactor according to paragraph 1. 3. The interior space of the cylindrical envelope 57 is sectioned to accommodate two catalyst beds arranged one above the other, with the gas supply conduit 56 leading to the reactor below the upper catalyst bed and above the lower catalyst bed. A reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4 Above the gas supply conduit 56 to the reactor the bottom or screen 64 of the second catalyst bed is connected to the heat exchange tube 61
4. Reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the reactor extends over the cross-section of the cylindrical jacket 57 passing through it. 5. Radial pins 80 into which the heat exchange tubes 22, which form a plurality of flow spaces 72 of regular geometric cross-section closed by the fins 70, 71 and filled with catalyst material, project symmetrically into these flow spaces 72.
3. Reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the pins 80 of one flow space 72 are arranged in the heat exchange tubes 22 at different heights. 6. Claim 5, characterized in that the pin 80 has a length of approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the distance between two diagonally adjacent heat exchange tubes 22, 22''. 7. The reactor according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the pin 80 is driven into the tube wall.